Abstract: In embodiments, a glass includes from 45 mol % to 70 mol % SiO2; from 11.5 mol % to 25 mol % Al2O3; from 2 mol % to 20 mol % Li2O; from greater than 0 mol % to 10 mol % Na2O; from 9 mol % to 19 mol % MgO; from 4 mol % ZrO2; and from 0 mol % to 0.5 mol % TiO2. In other embodiments, a glass includes from 45 mol % to 70 mol % SiO2; from 4 mol % to 25 mol % Al2O3; from 5 mol % to 20 mol % Li2O; from 0.1 mol % to 10 mol % Na2O; from 6 mol % to 25 mol % MgO; from 0.1 mol % to 4 mol % ZrO2; from 0.1 mol % to 5 mol % K2O; and from 0.05 mol % to 0.5 mol % SnO2.

Abstract: A colored glass article includes greater than or equal to 50 mol % and less than or equal to 80 mol % SiO2; greater than or equal to 7 mol % and less than or equal to 25 mol % Al2O3; greater than or equal to 1 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % B2O3; greater than or equal to 5 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol % Li2O; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % Na2O; greater than 0 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % K2O; and greater than or equal to 1×10?6 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % Au. R2O—Al2O3 is greater than or equal to ?5 mol % and less than or equal to 7 mol %, R2O being the sum of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

Abstract: A glass composition includes: from 55.0 mol % to 70.0 mol % SiO2; from 12.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; and from 4.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O. The glass composition has the following relationships ?8.00 mol %?R2O+RO?Al2O3?B2O3?P2O5??1.75 mol %, 9.00?(SiO2+Al2O3+Li2O)/Na2O, and (Li2O+Al2O3+P2O5)/(Na2O+B2O3)?3.50. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: A colored glass article includes greater than or equal to 50 mol % and less than or equal to 80 mol % SiO2; greater than or equal to 7 mol % and less than or equal to 25 mol % Al2O3; greater than or equal to 1 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % B2O3; greater than or equal to 5 mol % and less than or equal to 20 mol % Li2O; greater than or equal to 0.5 mol % and less than or equal to 15 mol % Na2O; greater than 0 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % K2O; and greater than or equal to 1×10?6 mol % and less than or equal to 1 mol % Au. R2O—Al2O3 is greater than or equal to ?5 mol % and less than or equal to 7 mol %, R2O being the sum of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O.

Abstract: Glass compositions having from 50 to 80 mol % SiO2, less than or equal to 25 mol % Al2O3, from 6.5 to 10.0 mol % Li2O and, optionally, other components, such as alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, zinc oxide, phosphorus oxides, rare earth metal oxides, boron oxide, and small amounts of other species, such as titania, zirconia, and tin oxide. The glass compositions are characterized by zero or positive values of the ratios, in terms of mol %: Al2O3??R2O?0, or Al2O3??R2O??RO?0, or Al2O3??R2O??RO—P2O5?0, where R2O means alkali metal oxides and RO means divalent metal oxides. The glass compositions may have a liquidus viscosity greater than or equal to 1000 Poises to less than or equal to 300,000 Poises.

Abstract: The present application provides LAS type transparent glass-ceramics of ?-quartz of composition containing a high content of zinc, articles constituted at least in part of said glass-ceramics, glasses precursors of said glass-ceramics (with a low viscosity at high temperature), and also a method of preparing said articles. Said glass-ceramics present a composition, free of arsenic oxide and antimony oxide, except for inevitable traces, expressed as percentages by weight of oxides, containing: 64.5% to 66.5% of SiO2; 19.0% to 20.6% of Al2O3; 3.0% to 3.6% of Li2O; 0 to 1% of MgO; 1.7% to 3.4% of ZnO; 2% to 3% of BaO; 0 to 3% of SrO; 0 to 1% of CaO; 2% to 4% of TiO2; 1% to 2% of ZrO2; 0 to 1% of Na2O; 0 to 1% of K2O; with Na2O+K2O+BaO+SrO+CaO?6%; optionally up to 2% of at least one fining agent comprising SnO2; and optionally up to 2% of at least one coloring agent.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and methods for the manufacture of light guide plates and back light units including such light guide plates made from glass. In some embodiments, light guide plates (LGPs) are provided that have similar or superior optical properties to light guide plates made from PMMA and that have exceptional mechanical properties such as rigidity, CTE and dimensional stability in high moisture conditions as compared to PMMA light guide plates.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for manufacturing glass. A mixture of solid glass-forming materials comprising at least one fining agent are introduced into a doghouse located upstream of an elongated tank. The glass-forming materials are melted in the doghouse at a temperature at or above a fining-onset temperature of the at least one fining agent by application of heat from one or more submerged combustion burners. The resulting molten glass is relatively foamy and may comprise greater than 25 vol. % gas bubbles. The molten glass is directed from the doghouse into an upstream end of the tank where it is refined to produce molten glass having on average less than 20 seeds per ounce.

Abstract: An induction cooking device including at least one inductor positioned under a thermally strengthened glass plate, the composition of which glass is not of lithium aluminosilicate type, characterized in that the glass has the following characteristics: its thickness is at most 4.5 mm, the c/a ratio of the glass before strengthening is at most 3.0 after Vickers indentation under a load of 1 kg, c being the length of the radial cracks and a being the half-diagonal of the Vickers impression, the ?/(e·E·?) ratio is at least 20 K·mm?1, or even 30 K·mm?1, ? being the maximum stress generated at the core of the glass by the thermal strengthening in Pa, e being the thickness of the glass in mm, E being the Young's modulus in Pa and ? being the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the glass in K?1 is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than 0.7·t, comprise a tangent that is less than about ?0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including ?-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about ?2 to about +2; and b*=from about ?12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, ?-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, ?-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.

Abstract: A glass ceramic article is provided so that a reliable coloring with a defined transmittance is ensured. The reliable coloring of the glass ceramic article is based on a high content of iron oxide of more than 0.1 percent by weight which itself has a strongly coloring effect does not further reduce transmittance but rather interacts with vanadium oxide to attenuate the absorption caused by vanadium oxide.

Abstract: Glass and glass ceramic compositions having a combination of lithium silicate and petalite crystalline phases along with methods of making the glass and glass ceramic compositions are described. The compositions are compatible with conventional rolling and float processes, are transparent or translucent, and have high mechanical strength and fracture resistance. Further, the compositions are able to be chemically tempered to even higher strength glass ceramics that are useful as large substrates in multiple applications.

Abstract: A glass article including, on an oxide basis, from 60 mol % to 74 mol % SiO2, from 7 mol % to 18 mol % Al2O3, from 3 mol % to 16 mol % B2O3, from 0 mol % to 6 mol % Na2O, from 0 mol % to 5 mol % P2O5, from 5 mol % to 11 mol % Li2O, less than or equal to 0.2 mol % SnO2, and from 0.5 mol % to 6.5 mol % divalent cation oxides. The glass article has a molar ratio of Al2O3:(R2O+RO) greater than or equal to 0.9, where R2O is a sum of alkali metal oxides in mol % and RO is a sum of divalent cation oxides in mol %.

Abstract: To provide a tempered glass sheet having a thickness of from 1.8 to less than 2.5 mm, which is capable of satisfying the fragmentation quality and impact strength quality required for windowpanes for automobiles. A tempered glass sheet having a first surface, a second surface opposed to the first surface and a side surface connecting the first and second surfaces, and having a thickness of from 1.8 to less than 2.5 mm, wherein at the first surface, the average value of the surface compressive stress is within a range of from 100 to 160 MPa, and the average value of the surface strength is within a range of from 220 to 400 MPa.

Abstract: A glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0·t up to 0.3·t and from greater than about 0.7·t to t, comprise a tangent with a slope having an absolute value greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometer. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0·t to about 0.3·t) and a maximum central tension of less than about 71.5/?(t) (MPa). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.

Abstract: Glass and glass ceramic compositions having a combination of lithium silicate and petalite crystalline phases along with methods of making the glass and glass ceramic compositions are described. The compositions are compatible with conventional rolling and float processes, are transparent or translucent, and have high mechanical strength and fracture resistance. Further, the compositions are able to be chemically tempered to even higher strength glass ceramics that are useful as large substrates in multiple applications.

Abstract: Glass-ceramics and precursor glasses that are crystallizable to glass-ceramics are disclosed. The glass-ceramics of one or more embodiments include rutile, anatase, armalcolite or a combination thereof as the predominant crystalline phase. Such glasses and glass-ceramics may include compositions of, in mole %: SiO2 in the range from about 45 to about 75; Al2O3 in the range from about 4 to about 25; P2O5 in the range from about 0 to about 10; MgO in the range from about 0 to about 8; R2O in the range from about 0 to about 33; ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8; ZrO2 in the range from about 0 to about 4; B2O3 in the range from about 0 to about 12, and one or more nucleating agents in the range from about 0.5 to about 12. In some glass-ceramic articles, the total crystalline phase includes up to 20% by weight of the glass-ceramic article.

Abstract: In a Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 based crystallized glass using SnO2 as a substitute fining agent for As2O3 or Sb2O3, a crystallized glass having less yellow coloration is provided at low costs. The glass is a Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 based crystallized glass comprising from 0.01 to 0.9% of SnO2 in terms of % by mass and having a content of each of As2O3 and Sb2O3 of 1,000 ppm or less as a glass composition, which has a V2O5 content of from 0.08 to 15 ppm in the glass composition.

Abstract: There is a transparent armor system. The system comprises a transparent front region comprising a strike-face layer. The front region includes a mass of a type of material characterized by having sufficient energy absorption capacity and energy dissipation properties to reduce radial tensile stresses and hoop tensile stresses caused by an impact at the strike face to a set reduced level. The impact has impact energy caused by an impact projectile having a mass hitting the strike-face layer. The system further comprises a transparent back region comprising a potassium-sodium exchanged glass characterized by having a surface compression of at least about 50,000 psi and a compression case depth of at least about 200 microns. The potassium-sodium exchanged glass is present in one of a layer and a plurality of layers in the back region. There are also associated methods of making and methods of using.

Abstract: A transparent, dyed cooktop is provided that has improved color display capability. The cooktop is made of a glass ceramic having high quartz mixed crystals as the predominant crystal phase, wherein the glass ceramic comprises none of the chemical refining agents arsenic oxide and/or antimony oxide, except for inevitable trace amounts. The glass ceramic has transmission values of greater than 0.1% in the range of visible light over the entire wavelength range greater than 450 nm, light transmission in the visible range of 0.8 to 5%, and transmission in the infrared at 1600 nm of 45-85%. The glass ceramic also includes a display apparatus that has a display device which is designed to display different operating conditions with different colors and/or symbols.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a glass article may include SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O and Na2O. The glass article may have a softening point less than or equal to about 810° C. The glass article may also have a high temperature CTE less than or equal to about 27×10?6/° C. The glass article may also be ion exchangeable such that the glass has a compressive stress greater than or equal to about 600 MPa and a depth of layer greater than or equal to about 25 ?m after ion exchange in a salt bath comprising KNO3 at a temperature in a range from about 390° C. to about 450° C. for less than or equal to approximately 15 hours.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a glass container may include a body formed from a Type I, Class B glass composition according to ASTM Standard E438-92. The body may have an inner surface, an outer surface and a wall thickness extending between the outer surface and the inner surface. The body may also include a compressively stressed layer extending into the wall thickness from at least one of the outer surface and the inner surface. A lubricous coating may be positioned on at least a portion of the outer surface of the body, wherein the outer surface of the body with the lubricous coating has a coefficient of friction less than or equal to 0.7.

Abstract: A tempered glass substrate has a compression stress layer on a surface thereof, and has a glass composition comprising, in terms of mass %, 40 to 70% of SiO2, 12 to 21% of Al2O3, 0 to 3.5% of Li2O, 10 to 20% of Na2O, 0 to 15% of K2O, and 0 to 4.5% of TiO2, wherein the tempered glass substrate has a plate thickness of 1.5 mm or less, and an internal tensile stress in the tempered glass substrate is 15 to 150 MPa.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an alkali-aluminosilicate glass which contains between 47.5 and 55 wt.% SiO2, between 21 and 27.5% Al2O3; and between 12 and 16 wt.% Na2O. The molar ratio of Al2O3 and Na2O amounts to between 1:0.9 and 1:1.2. This glass is characterized by high hardness and high surface strengths after its chemical toughening, whereby the resulting extremely high scratch resistance favors its use as a display glass. A further preferred feature of this glass is its much lower viscosity for this group of glasses.

Abstract: Ion exchangeable glasses that comprise at least one of a transition metal oxide or a rare earth oxide and have compositions that simultaneously promote a surface layer having a high compressive stress and deep depth of layer or, alternatively, reduced ion exchange time.

Abstract: A glass for a magnetic recording medium substrate permitting the realization of a magnetic recording medium substrate affording good chemical durability and having an extremely flat surface, a magnetic recording medium substrate comprised of this glass, a magnetic recording medium equipped with this substrate, and methods of manufacturing the same. The glass is an oxide glass not including As or F.

Abstract: There is provided a glass for chemical strengthening having a black color tone and excelling in characteristics preferred for the purposes of housing or decoration of an electronic device, that is, bubble quality, strength, and light transmittance characteristics. A glass for chemical strengthening contains, in mole percentage based on following oxides, 55% to 80% of SiO2, 3% to 16% of Al2O3, 0% to 12% of B2O3, 5% to 16% of Na2O, 0% to 4% of K2O, 0% to 15% of MgO, 0% to 3% of CaO, 0% to 18% of ?RO (where R represents Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Zn), 0% to 1% of ZrO2, and 0.1% to 7% of a coloring component having at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, V and Bi.

Abstract: An object is to devise a tempered glass substrate that has high mechanical strength and hardly undergoes breakage even though having a large size. A tempered glass substrate has a compressive stress layer in a surface thereof, and includes 1 piece/cm3 or less of devitrified stones containing Zr.

Abstract: Disclosed are alkali aluminosilicate glasses having unexpected resistance to indentation cracking. The glasses obtain this high resistance as a result of a high level of surface compression accompanied by a shallow depth of layer. The advantaged glasses show greater resistance to radial crack formation from Vickers indentation than glasses with the same compressive stress, but higher depths of layer.

Abstract: Described herein are alkali-free, boroalumino silicate glasses exhibiting desirable physical and chemical properties for use as substrates in flat panel display devices, such as, active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) and active matrix organic light emitting diode displays (AMOLEDs). In accordance with certain of its aspects, the glasses possess excellent compaction and stress relaxation properties.

Abstract: A silicate glass that is tough and scratch resistant. The toughness is increased by minimizing the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms in the glass. In one embodiment, the silicate glass is an aluminoborosilicate glass in which ?15 mol %?(R2O+R?O—Al2O3—ZrO2)—B2O3?4 mol %, where R is one of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, and R? is one of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-V2O5-content and even V2O5-free porcelain enamel with improved dish-washer resistance, very good acid resistance and good adherence on various substrates. The invention moreover relates to a transparent low-V2O5-content and even V2O5-free porcelain enamel frit for application of enamel coatings with infinite color range on a substrate made of aluminum, cast aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, cast aluminum alloy, copper, austenitic stainless steel and mild steel, presenting improved dish-washer resistance, good acid resistance and good adherence on the substrate. The composition of the porcelain enamel in question comprises about 30 wt-% to about 50 wt-% SiO2, about 30 wt-% to about 40 wt-% R2O, about 15 wt-% to about 25 wt-% TiO2, about 0 wt-% to about 5 wt-% RO, about 0 wt-% to about 4 wt-% V2O5, about 0.

Abstract: A glass that is down-drawable and ion exchangeable. The glass has a temperature T35kp which the viscosity is 35 kilopoise. T35kp is less than the breakdown temperature Tbreakdown of zircon.

Abstract: A tempered glass has a compressive stress layer in a surface thereof, includes as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 50 to 80% of SiO2, 10 to 30% of Al2O3, 0 to 6% of B2O3, 0 to 2% of Li2O, and 5 to 25% of Na2O, and is substantially free of As2O3, Sb2O3, PbO, and F.

Abstract: A glass substrate for a CIGS solar cell, having high cell efficiency and high glass transition temperature is provided. The glass substrate for a vapor-deposited CIGS film solar cell has a glass transition temperature of at least 580° C. and an average thermal expansion coefficient of from 70×10?7 to 100×10?7/° C., wherein the ratio of the average total amount of Ca, Sr and Ba within from 10 to 40 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate to the total amount of Ca, Sr and Ba at 5,000 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate is at most 0.35, and the ratio of the average Na amount within from 10 to 40 nm in depth from the surface of the glass substrate after heat treatment to such average Na amount before the heat treatment is at least 1.5.

Abstract: Ion exchangeable glass articles are disclosed. In one embodiment, a glass article formed from alkali aluminosilicate glass which may include Ga2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, SiO2, B2O3, P2O5 and various combinations thereof. The glass article may generally include about X mol % of Ga2O3 and about Z mol % of Al2O3, wherein 0?X?20, 0?Z?25 and 10?(X+Z)?25. The glass article may also include from about 5 mol % to about 35 mol % Na2O, SiO2 may be present in an amount from about 40 mol % to about 70 mol % SiO2. The glass article may further include Y mol % B2O3 where Y is from 0 to about 10. The glass article may further include (10-Y) mol % of P2O5. Glass articles formed according to the present invention may be ion-exchange strengthened. In addition, the glass articles may have a low liquid CTE which enables the glass articles to be readily formed into complex shapes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing dental restorations, wherein a lithium silicate glass ceramic or a lithium silicate glass is used which contains at least 8.5 wt.-% transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of yttrium, oxides of transition metals with an atomic number from 41 to 79 and mixtures of these oxides.

Abstract: A method of smoothing the surface of a ceramic matrix composite material part that presents a surface that is undulating and rough. The method includes depositing a refractory vitreous coating on the surface of the part, the vitreous coating essentially containing silica, alumina, baryte, and lime.

Abstract: A down-drawable glass ceramic. The glass ceramic has a composition which yields a liquidus viscosity that enables formation of the parent glass by down-draw techniques such as fusion-draw and slot-draw methods. The resulting glass ceramic is white or translucent in appearance with high strength achieved through heat treatment of the fusion-formed glass.

Abstract: A tempered glass of the present invention includes, as a glass composition, in terms of mass %, 45 to 75% of SiO2, 0 to 30% of Al2O3, and 0 to 30% of Li2O+Na2O+K2O and has a ?—OH value of 0.3 to 1/mm.

Abstract: A high transmission and low iron glass is provided for use in a solar cell. The glass substrate may be patterned on at least one surface thereof. Antimony (Sb) is used in the glass to improve stability of the solar performance of the glass upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and/or sunlight. The combination of low iron content, antimony, and/or the patterning of the glass substrate results in a substrate with high visible transmission and excellent light refracting characteristics.

Abstract: A glass that is down-drawable and ion exchangeable. The glass has a temperature T35kp at which the viscosity is 35 kilopoise. T35kp is less than the breakdown temperature Tbreakdown of zircon.

Abstract: Lithium silicate glass ceramics and glasses are described which can advantageously be applied to zirconium oxide ceramics in particular by pressing-on in the viscous state and form a solid bond with these.

Abstract: Glasses having a low softening point and high toughness. The glasses are alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses having softening points of less than 900° C. and, in some embodiments, in a range from about 650° C. up to about 825° C., and an indenter damage threshold of at least 300 g for glasses that are not chemically strengthened. The glasses are free of alkaline earth metals, lead, arsenic, antimony, and, in some embodiments, lithium.

Abstract: An ion exchangeable glass that is free of lithium and comprising 0.1-10 mol % P2O5 and at least 5 mol % Al2O3. The presence of P2O5 enables the glass to be ion exchanged more quickly and to a greater depth than comparable glasses that do not contain P2O5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithium silicate glass ceramic, which contains at least 8.5 wt.-% transition metal oxide selected from the group consisting of oxides of yttrium, oxides of transition metals with an atomic number from 41 to 79 and mixtures of these oxides. The invention also relates to a corresponding lithium silicate glass, a process for the preparation of the glass ceramic and of the glass as well as their use.

Abstract: Process for preparing glass-ceramic body including the steps of providing a basic glass body and subjecting the basic glass body to a thermal treatment whereby a crystalline phase embedded in a glass matrix is formed. The basic glass body is made of a composition comprising 65 to 72 wt-% SiO2, at least 10.1 wt-% Li2O and at least 10.1 wt-% Al2O3 based on the total weight of the composition, the proportion of Li2O to Al2O3 being from 1:1 to 1.5:1. The thermal treatment involves a nucleation step followed by several crystallization steps at different temperatures, whereby at least two different crystalline phases are formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing ceramic particles, such as proppants, that have at least 10 percent total porosity. The process includes forming a particle precursor that includes 5 percent to 30 percent of a first ceramic material and at least 40 percent of a second ceramic material. The sintering temperature of the first ceramic material may be lower than the sintering temperature of a second ceramic material. Heating the precursor to a maximum temperature above the sintering temperature of the first material and below the sintering temperature of the second material. Also disclosed is a ceramic article that has a particular combination of chemistry and alumina crystalline phase.

Abstract: Mineral materials selected from lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing vanadium, precursors of glass-ceramics, and glass-ceramics colored by vanadium contain solid solution(s) of ?-quartz and/or ?-spodumene as main crystalline phase. Also disclosed are articles made from said mineral materials, as well as methods for forming said glasses, glass-ceramics and articles of said glasses and glass-ceramics. Methods involve optimizing the refining of lithium aluminosilicate glasses containing SnO2 as a fining agent in preparing glasses or glass-ceramics.