Abstract: A porous ceramic fiber insulating material and method of making a material having a combination of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) fibers, and boron-containing powders is the topic of the new invention. The insulative material is composed of about 60 wt % to about 80 wt % silica fibers, about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % alumina fibers, and about 0.1 wt % to about 1.0 wt % boron-containing powders. A specific boron-containing powder used for this invention is boron carbide powder which provide boron-containing by-products, which aid in fusion and sintering of the silica and alumina fibers. The material is produced by forming an aqueous slurry, blending and chopping the fibers via a shear mixer, orienting the fibers in the in-plane direction, draining water from the fibers, pressing the fibers into a billet, heating the fibers to remove residual water, and firing the billet to fuse the fibers of the material. After sintering, bulk density of the new insulation material ranges from 6 to 20 lb/ft3.

Abstract: In order to reduce wear on refractory linings due to corrosion and the infiltration of slags and molten metals, particulate materials containing TiO2 are added to the refractory products consisting of a mixture of aggregates and binding agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method to produce ceramic materials utilizing the sol-gel process. The methods enable the preparation of intimate homogeneous dispersions of materials while offering the ability to control the size of one component within another. The method also enables the preparation of materials that will densify at reduced temperature.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming a low k fluorine and carbon-containing silicon oxide dielectric material by reacting with an oxidizing agent one or more silanes including one or more organofluoro silanes characterized by the absence of aliphatic C—H bonds. In one embodiment, the process is carried out using a mild oxidizing agent. Also provided is a low dielectric constant fluorine and carbon-containing silicon oxide dielectric material for use in an integrated circuit structure containing silicon atoms bonded to oxygen atoms, silicon atoms bonded to carbon atoms, and carbon atoms bonded to fluorine atoms, where the dielectric material is characterized by the absence of aliphatic C—H bonds and where the dielectric material has a ratio of carbon atoms to silicon atoms of C:Si greater than about 1:3.

Abstract: Wear resistant member for electronic equipment comprises a silicon nitride sintered body that contains conductivity enhancing particles, and has electrical resistivity in the range from 1 to 105 &OHgr;·m. In silicon nitride sintered body, agglomeration of conductivity enhancing particles in which distance between conductivity enhancing particles is less than 1 &mgr;m exists by 30% or less by area ratio per unit area. Wear resistant member is used for a bearing ball or the like, being applied in a rotation actuator of electronic equipment such as a magnetic recorder and optical disk drive. Malfunction of electronic equipment due to static electricity may be cancelled due to electrical resistivity that silicon nitride sintered body has.

Abstract: A reinforcing material is uniformly dispersed in a yttrium aluminum garnet matrix material for use as a machine tool material specially suited for machining Ti or a Ti alloy. The matrix material and the reinforcing material are present in proportions selected such that the machine tool material is substantially resistant to transfer of impurities to a Ti or Ti alloy by way of either chemical reaction with or diffusion into the Ti or Ti alloy material to be machined. The matrix material preferably comprises Y3Al5O12. The reinforcing material may comprise SiCw, TiC, TiN, TiB2, or combinations thereof and is preferably present in an amount sufficient to enable electrical discharge machining of the machine tool material. In addition, the machine tool material defines a thermodynamically stable phase at relatively high machining temperatures.

Abstract: The disclosed invention describes a new high-performance binderless high purity tungsten carbide material, its manufacturing and applications as a cutting tool material.

Abstract: A coated tool, and a method of making the same, wherein the tool has a substrate with a cutting edge. The tool has a lubricous coating which comprises hexagonal boron nitride in a state of residual compressive stress.

Abstract: Fused abrasive particles comprising eutectic material. The fused abrasive particles can be incorporated into abrasive products such as coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, non-woven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: Fused, crystalline eutectic material comprising aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3.rare earth oxide eutectics. Examples of useful articles comprising the fused eutectic material include fibers and abrasive particles.

Abstract: A low-thermal-expansion, rigid and wear-resistant ceramic is provided.

Abstract: A ceramic composite material, for example, a ceramic molded body or a layer obtained by pyrolysis of a starting mixture, containing at least one polymer precursor material and at least one filler, which has an average particle size of less than 200 nm. Such a composite material may be used, for example, for producing fibers, filters, catalyst support materials, ceramic sheathed-element glow plugs, metal-containing reactive composite materials, porous protective shells for sensors, ceramic or partially ceramic coatings or microstructured ceramic components.

Abstract: A wear-resistant coating, capable of imparting excellent wear resistance to a silent chain, comprises a base coating consisting of a hard inorganic material having interspersed particles of a hard inorganic material different from the inorganic material of the base coating. A part of the interspersed particles is exposed on the surface of the coating. The coating has superior oil-retaining properties as a result of gaps formed at the interface between the particles and the base coating, and the superior oil-retaining properties contribute to the wear-resistance of the coating.

Abstract: A composition including a first phase selected from nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, sulphides, chalcogenides, oxides, and silicides, and a second phase selected from nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, sulphides, chalcogenides, oxides, and silicides, wherein said second phase comprises a multiplicity of discrete portions positioned into the first phase, with these multiplicity of portions comprising a continuous second phase, and made thereof, coatings and articles, especially, machining, cutting and shaping tools, wearparts, and methods of making and using the composition, coating and articles.

Abstract: A WC-based composite ceramics sintered body consisting of 40 volume % to 90 volume % of WC including solid-solved oxygen represented by a chemical formula of WCxOy (where 0.005<y/x+y<0.05), with the remainder being partially stabilized ZrO2 and inevitable impurities, wherein partially stabilized ZrO2 includes one or more of stabilizers selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, CeO2 and MgO. A prepared powder of raw material is held in an atmosphere containing oxygen in a temperature range of 200° C. to 600° C. for 0.1 hour to 3 hours to provide WC grains including solid-solved oxygen represented by a chemical formula of WCxOy (where 0.005<y/x+y<0.05). Partially stabilized Zro2 including one or more of stabilizers selected from the group consisting of Y2O3, CeO2 and MgO is used as a phase for filling up the grain boundary of the WC grains.

Abstract: A supported tungsten carbide material is provided. The material has a unique structure as defined by its x-ray diffraction pattern and consists of extremely small crystallites on the order of about 15 to about 30 angstroms in size. The tungsten carbide material is supported on a high-surface-area support to allow for a greater number of active sites for catalysis. The support consists preferably of a high-surface-area carbon.

Abstract: A porous ceramic body protected by a damage resistant hardened surface, and a method for preparing the surface hardened ceramic body. The ceramic body is protected by applying to the surface a slurry composition containing a binding agent, particles of a ceramic material, at least one boron containing compound, and a solvent. The inclusion of at least one boron containing compound in the slurry provides for hardened surfaces that are stable to higher temperatures as compared to those of the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and rigid porous structures that contain nanorods having carbides and/or oxycarbides and methods of making and using such compositions and such rigid porous structures. The compositions and rigid porous structures can be used either as catalysts and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided. The fluid phase catalytic reactions catalyzed include hydrogenation hydrodesulfuriaation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallization, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodearomatization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolyis, isomerization, alkylation, dealkylation, oxidation and transalkylation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing alumina matrix carbide and boride reinforced ceramic composites wherein for any particular composite, the relative density is about 97% or more of the theoretical density. The composites are prepared in a container wherein the interior surfaces of the container are graphite and have a protective coating consisting of a first layer comprising silicon carbide and boron carbide with a binder and a second layer comprising silicon carbide particles, wherein the protective coating prevents carbon bleed-through and the protective coating maintains a boride-containing equilibrium atmosphere during the process.

Abstract: A reinforcing material is uniformly dispersed in a yttrium aluminum garnet matrix material for use as a machine tool material specially suited for machining Ti or a Ti alloy. The matrix material and the reinforcing material are present in proportions selected such that the machine tool material is substantially resistant to transfer of impurities to a Ti or Ti alloy by way of either chemical reaction with or diffusion into the Ti or Ti alloy material to be machined. The matrix material preferably comprises Y3Al5O12. The reinforcing material may comprise SiCw, TiC, TiN, TiB2, or combinations thereof and is preferably present in an amount sufficient to enable electrical discharge machining of the machine tool material. In addition, the machine tool material defines a thermodynamically stable phase at relatively high machining temperatures.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing integrated circuits (“IC”) on wafers to manage crack damage in the ICs such that crack propagation into the IC active array is reduced or eliminated. The method provides for a defined separation or divide of the IC gate conductor from the IC crack stop or IC edge. The method is especially useful in managing crack damage induced through the delamination of one or more of the gate conductor surface interfaces as a result of the IC wafer dicing process. Circuits or chips manufactured according to the methods disclosed are also taught.

Abstract: A composite material has a quartz glass phase and a complex compound phase compounded with the quartz glass phase, which is made of one or more compounds selected from a group of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon, titanium nitride and titanium carbide, as a main ingredient. The composite material can be used instead of quartz glass, and can prevent the generations of microcrack, tipping and particles after the mechanical working.

Abstract: Process for the manufacturing of ceramic-matrix composite layers resistant to very high temperatures, comprising the steps of: preparing the powders for the feeding of the deposition plant by wet mixing of the ceramics constituting the material in form of fine powders and atomizing the suspension in the presence of a hot air jet; and depositing by plasma thermal spraying with an inert gas flow and with a >30 kPa pressure in a deposition chamber. This process forms composite layers having a very high resistance, apt to be employed as coatings for vehicles, of the type destined to reenter Earth atmosphere from outer space and to be launched again therein.

Abstract: Cubic boron nitride composite particles containing hard microparticles dispersed in cubic boron nitride particles. The hard microparticles have an average particle size of about 10 nm to about 10 &mgr;m and a particle size equal to or smaller than one-third of the particle size of any of the cubic boron nitride particles, and the amount of the hard microparticles dispersed in the cubic boron nitride particles is from about 1% to about 50% by volume.

Abstract: A process is provided for forming a material comprising an M3X1Z2 phase comprising the steps of: (a) providing a mixture of (i) at least one transition metal species, (ii) at least one co-metal species selected from the group consisting of aluminum species, germanium species and silicon species, and (iii) at least one non-metal species selected from the group consisting of boron species, carbon species and nitrogen species; (b) heating said mixture to a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1800° C., in an atmosphere within a substantially enclosed heating zone, for a time sufficient to form said M3X1Z2 phase; wherein the atmosphere has an O2 partial pressure of no greater than about 1×10−6 atm. The process provides a substantially single phase material comprising very little MZx-phase.

Abstract: Fused, crystalline eutectic material comprising aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3.Y2O3 eutectics. Examples of useful articles comprising the fused eutectic material include fibers and abrasive particles.

Abstract: A dry refractory composition having superior insulating value. The dry refractory composition also may have excellent resistance to molten metals and slags. The composition includes filler lightweight material, which may be selected from perlite, vermiculite, expanded shale, expanded fireclay, expanded alumina silica hollow spheres, bubble alumina, sintered porous alumina, alumina spinel insulating aggregate, calcium alumina insulating aggregate, expanded mulllite, cordierite, and anorthite, and matrix material, which may be selected from calcined alumina, fused alumina, sintered magnesia, fused magnesia, silica fume, fused silica, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium diboride, zirconium boride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, Sialon, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, zircon, a sillimanite group mineral, pyrophyllite, fireclay, carbon, and calcium fluoride.

Abstract: Fused abrasive particles comprising eutectic material. The fused abrasive particles can be incorporated into abrasive products such as coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, non-woven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: Fused abrasive particles comprising at least one eutectic. The fused abrasive particles can be incorporated into abrasive products such as coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, non-woven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing alumina matrix carbide and boride reinforced ceramic composites wherein for any particular composite, the relative density is about 97% or more of the theoretical density. The composites are prepared in a container wherein the interior surfaces of the container are graphite and have a protective coating consisting of a first layer comprising silicon carbide and boron carbide with a binder and a second layer comprising silicon carbide particles, wherein the protective coating prevents carbon bleed-through and the protective coating maintains a boride-containing equilibrium atmosphere during the process.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a CVD low-k SiOCN material. The first embodiment comprising the following steps. MeSiH3, N2O, and N2 are reacted at a molar ratio of from about 1:5:10 to 1:10:15, at a plasma power from about 0 to 400 W to deposit a final deposited film. The final deposited film is treated to stabilize the final deposited film to form a CVD low-k SiOCN material. The second embodiment comprising the following steps. A starting mixture of MeSiH3, SiH4, N2O, and N2 is reacted at a molar ratio of from about 1:1:5:10 to 1:5:10:15, in a plasma in a helium carrier gas at a plasma power from about 0 to 400 W to deposit a CVD low-k SiOCN material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sintered ceramic composite implant material and a fabrication method thereof. A sintered ceramic composite implant material includes an apatite matrix phase, a ceramic secondary phase located in the apatite matrix phase, a barrier layer coating the ceramic secondary phase. The secondary phase compensates for and improves the mechanical properties of the apatite matrix phase and the barrier layer restrains an interfacial reaction between the apatite matrix phase and the secondary phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing alumina matrix carbide and boride reinforced ceramic composites wherein for any particular composite, the relative density is about 97% or more of the theoretical density. The composites are prepared in a container wherein the interior surfaces of the container are graphite and have a protective coating consisting of a first layer comprising silicon carbide and boron carbide with a binder and a second layer comprising silicon carbide particles, wherein the protective coating prevents carbon bleed-through and the protective coating maintains a boride-containing equilibrium atmosphere during the process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing alumina matrix carbide and boride reinforced ceramic composites wherein for any particular composite, the relative density is about 97% or more of the theoretical density. The composites are prepared in a container wherein the interior surfaces of the container are graphite and have a protective coating consisting of a first layer comprising silicon carbide and boron carbide with a binder and a second layer comprising silicon carbide particles, wherein the protective coating prevents carbon bleed-through and the protective coating maintains a boride-containing equilibrium atmosphere during the process.

Abstract: Wear resistant member for electronic equipment comprises a zirconium oxide sintered body of which specific resistance is in the range from 1 to 105 &OHgr;·m. A conductivity enhancer of which specific resistance is 10−5 &OHgr;·m or less is compounded to a zirconium oxide sintered body to materialize specific resistance from 1 to 105 &OHgr;·m. For a conductivity enhancer, carbides and nitrides of various kinds of metals can be used. Wear resistant member can be used as a bearing ball, being applied in a rotational driver of electronic equipment such as a magnetic recording device and an optical disk device. Deficiency due to static electricity of electronic equipment is cancelled due to specific resistance that a zirconium oxide sintered body has.

Abstract: A sintered silicon carbide has a high density and only small amounts of organic and inorganic impurities on the surface and in the vicinity of the surface, i.e., a density of 2.9 g/cm2 or more and an amount of each impurity smaller than 1.0×1011 atoms/cm2 on the surface and in the vicinity of the surface. A method for cleaning sintered silicon carbide in a wet condition comprises treating sintered silicon carbide in a step of dipping into a quasi-aqueous organic solvent, a step of dipping into an aqueous solution of an ammonium compound, a step of dipping into an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid and a step of dipping into pure water. Organic and inorganic impurities present on the surface and in the vicinity of the surface of the sintered silicon carbide are removed easily in accordance with the method.

Abstract: Low dielectric compounds, preferably silicon nitride precursors such as polycarbosilazanes, are mixed with a sufficient quantity of a silicon carbide additive to enhance absorption of electromagnetic energy by the mixture, thereby permitting efficient and effective curing of low dielectric compounds using electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: The composite includes inorganic fiber for reinforcement and a matrix of 40 to 95% by weight of silicon carbide ceramic and 5 to 60% by weight of an oxide phase dispersed in the silicon carbide ceramic. The oxide phase forms a continuous network structure in the matrix and includes ZrSiO4, BaO—MgO—Al2O3—SiO2 glass ceramic or Sro—Al2O3—SiO2 glass ceramic. The matrix surrounds and fills voids between the inorganic fiber.

Abstract: The polycrystalline cubic baron nitride cutting tool has a particle size in the range of from 10-17 microns. In addition to CBN, the tool has from 2%-15% by weight of a refractory compound selected from the group consisting of titanium carbonitride, titanium aluminum carbonitride, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium diboride and aluminum diboride. When using one of the carbonitrides, the carbon to nitrogen proportion is preferably in the range of from 30 atomic percent carbon and 70 atomic percent carbon to 70 atomic percent carbon and 30 atomic percent nitrogen, and preferably is about 50/50. In addition, there is an infiltrate containing aluminum and/or silicon. A quantity of diamond crystals more than stoichiometric with the amount of silicon infiltrated is included in the composition for forming silicon carbide. The cutting tool is not formed on a cemented tungsten carbide substrate so is substantially free of cobalt.

Abstract: A refractory material powder of a carbide-forming metal or alloy is formed into an intermediate body having a shape and size corresponding to the desired shape and size of the article. The intermediate body is exposed to a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons at a temperature exceeding the decomposition temperature for the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons until the mass of the intermediate body has increased by at least 3%. The intermediate body is thereafter exposed to a temperature of 1000-1700° C. in an inert atmosphere if the temperature during exposure to the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons was too low to ensure a complete carbidization of the intermediate body.

Abstract: A superfine material made by incorporation of an inorganic polymer precursor of a grain growth inhibitor into intermediates useful for the production of superfine materials. The precursor/nanostructured material composite is optionally heat treated at a temperature below the grain growth temperature of the superfine material in order to more effectively disperse the precursor. The composites are then heat treated at a temperature effective to decompose the precursor and to form superfine materials having grain growth inhibitors uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries. Synthesis of the inorganic polymer solution comprises forming an inorganic polymer from a solution of metal salts, filtering the polymer, and drying. Alloying additives as well as grain growth inhibitors may be incorporated into the superfine materials.

Abstract: In a cemented carbide, at least one compound 3 including a carbide, a nitride or carbo-nitride of at least one component selected from IVa, Va and VIa group elements or a solid solution thereof exists in at least some WC crystal grains 1. Preferably the compound 3 is in the form of compound grains 3 comprising a carbide, a nitride or a carbo-nitride of Ti, Zr, Hf or W or a solid solution thereof, having an average grain diameter smaller than 0.3 &mgr;m. The compound grains make up at most 10% of the cross-sectional area of the WC crystal grains that contain the compound grains, while at least 10% of the total cross-sectional area of the cemented carbide is made up of such WC crystal grains that contain the compound grains.

Abstract: A composite material has a quartz glass phase and a complex compound phase compounded with the quartz glass phase, which is made of one or more compounds selected from a group of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon, titanium nitride and titanium carbide, as a main ingredient. The composite material can be used instead of quartz glass, and can prevent the generations of microcrack, tipping and particles after the mechanical working.

Abstract: A method comprising incorporation of an inorganic polymer precursor of a grain growth inhibitor into nanostructured materials or intermediates useful for the production of nanostructured materials. The precursor/nanostructured material composite is optionally heat treated at a temperature below the grain growth temperature of the nanostructured material in order to more effectively disperse the precursor. The composites are then heat treated at a temperature effective to decompose the precursor and to form nanostructured materials having grain growth inhibitors uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries. Synthesis of the inorganic polymer solution comprises forming an inorganic polymer from a solution of metal salts, filtering the polymer, and drying. Alloying additives as well as grain growth inhibitors may be incorporated into the nanostructured materials.

Abstract: A method comprising incorporation of an inorganic polymer precursor of a grain growth inhibitor into superfine materials or intermediates useful for the production of superfine materials. The precursor/nanostructured material composite is optionally heat treated at a temperature below the grain growth temperature of the superfine material in order to more effectively disperse the precursor. The composites are then heat treated at a temperature effective to decompose the precursor and to form superfine materials having grain growth inhibitors uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries. Synthesis of the inorganic polymer solution comprises forming an inorganic polymer from a solution of metal salts, filtering the polymer, and drying. Alloying additives as well as grain growth inhibitors may be incorporated into the superfine materials.

Abstract: A process for producing a ceramic-metal composite, includes (1) mixing TiO2, and optionally Ti, with at least one of a boron-containing or carbon-containing material to give a green body mix; (2) heat treating the green body mix to a temperature from 900° C. to 1900° C. and below a temperature which leads to an autocatalytic reaction; (3) carrying out an exchange reaction between the material and the TiO2 to give a reaction product comprising at least one of TiBx and TiCy, wherein 0≦x 23 2 and 0≦y≦1; (4) producing a porous green body from the reaction product; (5) filling the porous green body with liquid aluminum after the exchange reaction; and (6) carrying out a reaction between the reaction product in the green body and the aluminum to form the ceramic-metal composite comprising a ceramic phase selected from the group consisting of TiBx-, TiCy-, TiCN- and Al2O3 and a comprising a metallic phase comprising an intermetallic compound of Ti and Al.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a structure from a carbide of a group IIa, group IIIa, group IVa, group IVb, group Vb, group VIb, group VIIb or group VIIIb carbon reactive element including the steps of: mixing the element with the carbon; and heating the carbon and the element to melt the element so that it reacts with the carbon to form the carbide; wherein, the carbon and element are heated by means of electromagnetic radiation having a frequency below the infrared spectrum. The method does not waste energy by unnecessary heating of the furnace or surrounding mold. The mold itself may be more stable because it is only heated by hot contained material and not by other sources of heat. Resulting formed products are not a sintered product and may approach one hundred percent of theoretical density. The carbon may be in the form of a powder that is mixed with the element or may be a porous carbon structure such as a graphite fiber mat or sheet into which the carbon reactive element is melted.

Abstract: A filter media system, which is capable of operating in the microfiltration regime, offers: low cost, durability, high temperature and chemical resistance, no particulation, mechanical strength, separation efficiency, and biocompatibility. A filter media system is comprised of a carbon or ceramic composite substrate which contains a carbon or ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon or ceramic fibers. The composite has an array of carbon or ceramic fiber whiskers grown onto its surface or in its bulk. A process is provided for manufacturing the filter media system wherein a carbon fiber is disposed in a matrix deposited by a CVI or LPI process, at temperatures of about 900 to about 1200° C. to achieve a weight gain of about 10 to 200% (the ceramic matrix is deposited by a CVI process from an aqueous slurry or by use of a preceramic polymer). This composite is treated with an aqueous solution of metal catalyst salt and is then heated in hydrogen at elevated temperatures to reduce the metal salt to metal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a corrosion-resistant member used in a region in which a gas or a plasma of a halogen-containing compound is used, in a process for producing semiconductors, especially a member used as jigs such as a supporter for supporting a material to be treated, or as an inner wall member in an apparatus for producing semiconductors, which has a high corrosion resistance to a fluorine type or a chlorine type corrosive gas, or a fluorine type or a chlorine type plasma. According to this invention, there are provided a corrosion-resistant member to be used ina region in which a gas or plasma of a halogen compound is used in a process of producing a semiconductor, wherein at least surface exposed to the gas or plasma is formed of a boron carbide sintered body having a relative density of at least 96% and containing 300 ppm or below, in a total amount, of an alkali metal, an alkalin earth metal and a transition metal, and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention related to methods of manufacturing oxide, nitride, carbide, and boride powders and other ceramic, organic, metallic, carbon and alloy powders and films and their mixtures having well-controlled size and crystallinity characteristics. This invention relates, more particularly, to a development in the synthesis of the ceramic, metallic, composite, carbon and alloy nanometer-sized particles with precisely controlled specific surface area, or primary particle size, crystallinity and composition. The product made using the process of the present invention and the use of that product are also claimed herein.