Abstract: The invention concerns the use as catalyst for transforming carbamates of compounds corresponding to the general formula (I): —Sn (X) (X?) wherein: X? is selected among chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate radicals, sulphonate radicals, advantageously perfluorinated on the carbon bearing the sulphonate function; X is selected among the values of X? and among radicals of formula Y-Z; Y is selected among the chalcogen groups, advantageously light (that is oxygen and sulphur); Z is selected in the group consisting of trisubstituted tin, monosubstituted zinc, and the oxygenated acid radicals after ignoring the OH function. The invention is applicable to the coating industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic system for use in a process for the preparation, in a single step, of enones by an aldol condensation of a ketone, such as a gem-dimethyl cyclohexylethanone or gem-dimethyl cyclohexenylethanone derivative, with an aldehyde in the presence of a novel catalytic system and a co-ingredient, such as a carboxylic acid anhydride or an anhydrous salt, and without the pre-formation of an enolate. The catalytic system is a metal complex, such as a [(Cl)n(alkoxy)4-nTi] or [(Cl)n(alkoxy)4-nZr] complex where n is 1 to 3.

Abstract: This invention reveals a catalyst system for use in isothermal polymerizations which consists essentially of (a) an organolithium compound, (b) a calcium alkoxide and (c) a lithium alkoxide. The subject invention further discloses a process for synthesizing a random styrene-butadiene rubber having a low vinyl content by a process which comprises copolymerizing styrene and 1,3-butadiene under isothermal conditions in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst system which consists essentially of (a) an organolithium compound, (b) a calcium alkoxide and (c) a lithium alkoxide. An amine can also be added to the catalyst system to increase the molecular weight (Mooney viscosity) of the rubber.

Abstract: Supported photooxidation catalysts containing a metal oxide or metal ion as catalyst which is fixed to the support by means of carboxylate moieties are an alternative to existing such catalysts, particularly if low cost supports such as organic polymers, particularly polyethylene, are used. The supported photocatalysts can be used in mineralisation of organic pollutants in both liquids and gases and show reduced leaching of the catalyst and good resistance towards reactive oxygen species generated during the degradation process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions useful for introducing metal carboxylate salts as catalysts into systems useful for producing polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams. The methods permit the introduction of such catalysts in the absence of substantial amounts of water which otherwise cause inferior foams to be produced. A method for producing foam employing the catalysts are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula wherein M is either (1) a metal ion having a positive charge of +p wherein p is an integer which is at least 2, said metal ion being capable of forming a compound with at least two chromogen moieties, or (2) a metal-containing moiety capable of forming a compound with at least two chromogen moieties, z is an integer representing the number of chromogen moieties associated with the metal and is at least 2, and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, a, b, c, d, Y, Q?, A, and CA are as defined herein.

Abstract: There are provided (asymmetric) complex catalysts comprising metal complexes and Lewis acids as components, the metal complex being of formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are the same or different and are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or the like; one of R9 and R10 is hydrogen and the other is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or the like; Q is a single bond or alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; M is a metal ion; and A is a balancing counter ion or ligand; processes for the production of these complex catalysts; processes for the production of (optically active) alcohol derivatives, characterized in that cyclic ether compounds are reacted with phenol derivatives in the presence of these complex catalysts; and further processes for producing (optically active) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by reacting these alcohol derivatives with halogenated nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A catalyst system useful for polymerizing olefins is disclosed. The catalyst system includes an organometallic complex that incorporates a Group 3 to 10 transition metal and a hydroxyl-depleted calixarene ligand that is chelated to the metal. Molecular modeling studies reveal that organometallic complexes incorporating such calixarene ligands, when combined with an activator such as MAO, should actively polymerize olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides a supported chromium catalyst system comprising a chromium catalyst precursor bound via at least one heteroatom to a functionalised support, said heteroatom being connected to said support via an organic group.

Abstract: Disclosed are dirhodium catalyst compositions. One such dirhodium catalyst composition includes a dirhodium catalyst and a solid support. The dirhodium catalyst includes a Rh—Rh moiety and four bridging ligand moieties. The dirhodium catalyst and the solid support are bound together, but they are not covalently bound together via one or more of the bridging ligand moieties. Another such dirhodium catalyst composition includes a dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst and a solid support, and the dirhodium tetracarboxylate catalyst and the solid support are bound together. Yet another such dirhodium catalyst composition includes a dirhodium catalyst and a solid support, where the dirhodium catalyst includes a Rh—Rh moiety and where the dirhodium catalyst and the solid support are bound together via at least one of the rhodiums' axial positions. The compositions can be used in a number of reactions, including insertion reactions (e.g.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for oligomerizing ethylene, in particular to 1-hexene, is obtained by mixing at least one chromium carboxylate characterized in that it also contains a free carboxylic acid in a set proportion, with at least one aryloxy compound of an element M selected from the group formed by magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, with general formula M(RO)2-nXn in which RO is an aryloxy radical containing 6 to 80 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom or a hydrocarbyl radical containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms and n is a whole number that can take the values 0 or 1, and with at least one hydrocarbylaluminum compound selected from the group formed by tris(hydrocarbyl)-aluminum compounds, chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbylaluminum compounds and aluminoxanes.

Abstract: A solid titanium complex catalyst for polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene is prepared by the process comprising: (1) preparing a magnesium solution by reacting a halogenated magnesium compound with an alcohol; (2) reacting the magnesium solution with an ester compound having at least one hydroxyl group and a boron compound having at least one alkoxy group to produce a magnesium composition; and (3) producing a solid titanium catalyst through recrystallization by reacting the magnesium composition solution with a mixture of a titanium compound and a haloalkane compound; and optionally reacting the solid titanium catalyst with an additional titanium compound.

Abstract: The invention provides olefin polymerization catalysts exhibiting excellent polymerization activities, a process for olefin polymerization using the catalysts, a novel transition metal compound useful for the catalysts, and ?-olefin/conjugated diene copolymers having specific properties. The olefin polymerization catalysts of the invention contain (A) a transition metal compound of formula (I), and (B) an organometallic compound, an organoaluminum oxy-compound or an ionizing ionic compound. The novel transition metal compounds of the invention are compounds of formula (I) wherein M is a transition metal atom of Group 3 or 4 of the periodic table; R1 is a hydrocarbon group, etc.; R2 to R5 are each H, a halogen, a hydrocarbon group, etc.; R6 is a halogen, a hydrocarbon group, etc.

Abstract: New ligands, compositions, metal-ligand complexes and arrays with bridged bis-aromatic ligands are disclosed that catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers. These catalysts with metal centers have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition including a resin system comprising oligomers or polymers functionalized with groups curable by ring opening metathesis polymerization, a metathesis catalyst, and a catalyst accelerator. In examples of the present invention, the composition includes a ruthenium carbene complex catalyst capable of initiating ring-opening metathesis polymerization of the composition and a silicone-based sulfosuccinate salt capable of accelerating the polymerization initiated by the catalyst. In another example, the invention includes a paste/paste system in which a base paste includes the polymerizable oligomer or polymer and the catalyst accelerator and in which a catalyst paste includes the catalyst dissolved in an inert solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts for the preparation of polyether polyols by a polyaddition reaction between alkylene oxides and starter compounds having active hydrogen atoms, wherein the catalyst contains a) at least one double metal cyanide compound, b) at least one organic complexing ligand and c) at least one fluorine-containing complexing ligand.

Abstract: Catalyst systems for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide and ?-olefinically unsaturated compounds contain, as essential components, a) a metal complex of the formula (I) ?where R1 to R4 are each linear or branched C2- to C28-alkyl, C3- to C14-cycloalkyl or alkylaryl where the alkyl moiety is of 1 to 28 carbon atoms and the aryl moiety is of 6 to 15 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted by at least one polar protic or ionic functional group based on elements of groups IVA to VIA of the Periodic Table of Elements, and b) if required, one or more Lewis or protic acids or a mixture of Lewis and protic acids.

Abstract: New ligands and compositions with bridged bis-aromatic ligands are disclosed that catalyze the polymerization of monomers into polymers. These catalysts with metal centers have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: A catalytic composition is obtained by mixing at least one chromium compound with at least one aryloxy compound of an element M selected from the group formed by magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, with general formula M(RO)2-nXn, where RO is an aryloxy radical containing 6 to 80 carbon atoms, X is a halogen or a hydrocarbyl radical containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms and n is a whole number that can take values of 0 to 2, and with at least one aluminum compound selected from hydrocarbylaluminum compounds (tris(hydrocarbyl)-aluminum, chlorinated or brominated hydrocarbylaluminum compounds) and aluminoxanes. The catalytic composition can be used in an ethylene oligomerization process, in particular to produce 1-hexene.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of ethylene to a mixture of olefinic products having high linearity is provided, by using a catalyst comprising a reaction product of a simple divalent nickel salt; a boron hydride reducing agent; a water soluble base; a ligand selected from the group consisting of an o-dihydrocarbylphosphinobenzoic acid and alkali metal salts thereof; and a phosphite.

Abstract: Provided are catalysts for styrene polymerization capable of efficiently and inexpensively producing styrenic polymers having a syndiotactic structure; and a method for producing styrenic polymers. The catalysts comprise (A) a transition metal compound, (B) an oxygen-containing compound and/or a compound capable of reacting with a transition metal compound to form an ionic complex, (C) a specific metal compound, preferably a specific organoaluminium compound of a general formula: ((R1)3—CO)n-Al—(R2)3−n wherein R1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms or the like; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group; n is 1 or 2, and optionally (D) an alkylating agent. In the method for producing styrenic polymers, used is the catalyst.

Abstract: A shell impregnated catalyst of Pd-Au produced on a silica support to have a Pd loading of 1.8 g/L of catalyst to about 7.2 g/L and a Au to Pd weight ratio of 0.3 to 2.0 by impregnating the support with aqueous solutions of palladium and gold salts or acids and thereafter precipitating water insoluble compounds of Pd and Au on the with alkali metal silicate or hydroxide solutions, then dried, and the surface precipitated compounds of Pd and Au are then reduced by reaction with ethylene or hydrogen at a temperature of greater than 150° C. up to 310° C. or with hydrogen up to 299° C. until substantially all of the Pd and Au contents are reduced to a free metal state, after which the support is impregnated with potassium acetate to an extent of 6 to 7 weight percent of the weight of the total catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides new coordinative catalysts for the polymerization of alkylene oxides.

Abstract: A catalyst and method for performing a Michael addition reaction between a &bgr;-dicarbonyl compound with a cyclic or acyclic enone, where the catalyst comprises a substituted or unsubstituted lanthanum-linked BINOL complex, e.g. a (R,R)-La-linked-BINOL complex (I), are described. The catalyst is stable in air, is readily separated from the reaction mixtures and may be reused if desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnesium compound effective in producing olefin polymers having an increased bulk density and a narrowed particle size distribution, not lowering the stereospecificity of the polymers produced and not lowering the polymerization activity in producing the polymers, to an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the compound, and to a method for producing such olefin polymers. The olefin polymerization catalyst comprises (A) a solid catalyst component prepared by contacting a magnesium compound having a specific particle size distribution index (P), a titanium compound and an electron donor compound with each other, (B) an organometallic compound, and (C) an electron donor. The olefin polymerization method comprises polymerizing an olefin in the presence of the catalyst to give olefin polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnesium compound effective in producing olefin polymers having an increased bulk density and a narrowed particle size distribution, not lowering the stereospecificity of the polymers produced and not lowering the polymerization activity in producing the polymers, to an olefin polymerization catalyst comprising the compound, and to a method for producing such olefin polymers. The olefin polymerization catalyst comprises (A) a solid catalyst component prepared by contacting a magnesium compound having a specific particle size distribution index (P), a titanium compound and an electron donor compound with each other, (B) an organometallic compound, and (C) an electron donor. The olefin polymerization method comprises polymerizing an olefin in the presence of the catalyst to give olefin polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to late transition metal catalyst precursors and catalysts for olefin dimerizations and oligomerizations, and to methods for making and using these catalysts.

Abstract: An (R) or (S) chiral diphosphine of formula (I): wherein R and R1, which can be identical or different, represent an optionally saturated C1-10 alkyl group, an optionally saturated C3-9 cycloalkyl group, a C5-10 aryl group, the groups being optionally substituted by a halogen, a hydroxy, a C1-5 alkoxy, an amino, a sulfino, a sulonfyl, with R4 representing an alkyl, an alkoxy or an alkylcarbonyl, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally including one or more heteroatoms, or R and R1 together represent an optionally saturated C2-6 substituted alkyl group, an optionally saturated C3-9 cycloalkyl group, a C5-10 aryl group, the cycloalkyl or aryl groups being optionally substituted by a C1-5 alkyl, a halogen, a hydroxy, a C1-5 alkoxy, an amino, a sulfino, a sulonfyl, with R4 representing an alkyl, an alkoxy or an alkylcarbonyl, the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl groups optionally including one or more heteroatoms, R2 and R3, which can be identical or different, represent an optionally saturated C3-

Abstract: An optically active lactone compound is produced by using a Zr(salen) complex of the following formula (I) or its enantiomer as a catalyst and subjecting a cyclic ketone compound to a Baeyer-Villiger reaction with at least one oxidizer selected from hydrogen peroxide, aqueous hydrogen peroxide and urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct in a solvent: wherein Ar1 is an aryl group having a carbon number of 10 to 16 and Y is a phenoxy group or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 10.

Abstract: Olefin polymerizations employing a complex of a Group 8, 9, or 10 transition metal with a bidentate ligand as part of the polymerization catalyst system are improved by adding to the polymerization a silicon compound in which at least one atom of a Group 15 or 16 element is bound to a silicon atom. The polymerizations often have increased polymer productivity and/or the polymerization catalyst has a longer half life.

Abstract: A reductive system including a silane, preferably PMHS, and an active zinc compound, which is monomeric and not a hydride, wherein a reduction of a carbonyl substrate to a corresponding alcohol is achievable.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use as a catalyst for the reaction of an isocyanate compound or prepolymer thereof with an alcohol to form a polyurethane comprises a mixture of (a)an organometallic compound selected from: (i) a compound of formula M(RO)4, where M is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, aluminium, cobalt or iron or a mixture of these metals and OR is the residue of an alcohol ROH in which R comprises an (optionally substituted) C1-30 cyclic, branched or linear, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkyl-aryl group or a mixture thereof, or; (ii) a complex of titanium, zirconium and/or hafnium and an acetoacetate ester and (b) a coordinating compound selected from a ketone, aldhehyde, carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid, nitride or an imine. An isocyanate composition containing a catalyst of the claimed composition is also described.

Abstract: An organoaluminum reaction product of A.) a ligand of the formula I, wherein R1 represents an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, a C3-24 silyl group, or hydrogen, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R12, and R13 are the same or different and represent an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, a C3-24 silyl group, halide, or hydrogen, with the proviso that at least one of the groups R4 and R13 represents hydrogen, R8 represents an alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, a C3-24 silyl group, halide, hydroxyl radical, or hydrogen, E represents O, S, Se, or Te, and n is an integer from 1 to 4, and B.) an aluminum compound of formula AlR9R10R11, wherein R9 and R10 are the same or different and represent C1-20 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group, or hydrogen, and R11 is a C1-20 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl or alkoxy group, hydrogen, or halogen is useful as a polymerization catalyst, particularly for the homopolymerization or copolymerization of an alkylene oxide.

Abstract: Safety stabilized solid, free-flowing compositions based on t-butyl peroxy maleic acid as well as processes for their preparation and use are disclosed.

Abstract: Processes of forming a supported activated catalyst composition and method of polymerization are disclosed, the process of forming the composition including combining a halogenated aromatic aluminum activator compound with a fluorinated support and a catalyst to form a supported activated catalyst composition. Also disclosed is a supported activated catalyst composition, comprising the reaction product of a fluorinated support, a perfluorophenyl aluminum activator and in one embodiment a metallocene catalyst. In one embodiment, the halogenated aromatic aluminum activator is represented by the formula RnAl(ArHal)3-n, wherein ArHal is a halogenated aryl group, R is a monoanionic ligand, and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for an improved oxirane hydroformylation catalyst, the improved oxirane hydroformylation catalyst, and a one step process for preparing a 1,3-diol in the presence of such a catalyst. One process for preparing the hydroformylation catalyst involves: a) forming a complex (A) by contacting a ruthenium(0) compound with a ditertiary phosphine ligand; and b) forming a complex (B) by subjecting complex (A) to a redox reaction with a cobalt(0) carbonyl compound. This catalyst is used in a one step hydroformylation process for preparing a 1,3-diol, comprising the reaction of an oxirane with syngas at hydroformylation conditions in an inert solvent in the presence of the above hydroformylation catalyst where recovery of product is preferably accomplished via phase separation of a diol rich phase from the bulk reaction liquor.

Abstract: The invention is a method and catalyst for selectively and efficiently producing short chain linear &agr;-olefins. The method includes contacting olefinic monomers under oligomerization conditions with the catalyst composition which comprises a composition prepared in situ by reacting a nickel compound selected from the group consisting of halides, hydrides, triflates, acetates, borates, C1, through C12 alkyl, C1 through C12 alkoxy, C3 through C12 cycloalkyl, C3 through C12 cycloalkoxy, aryl, thiolates, carbon monoxide, cyanate, olefins including diolefins and cycloolefins, and any other moiety into which a monomer can insert and mixtures thereof, with an amine ligand wherein said ligand is a nitrogen-containing ligand having one or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to MgCl2.mROH.nH2O adducts, where R is a C1-C10 alkyl, 2≦m≦4.2, 0≦n≦0.7, characterized by an X-ray diffraction spectrum in which, in the range of 2&thgr; diffraction angles between 5° and 15°, the three main diffraction lines are present at diffraction angles 2&thgr; of 8.8±0.2°, 9.4±0.2° and 9.8±0.2°, the most intense diffraction lines being the one at 2&thgr;=8.8±0.2°, the intensity of the other two diffraction lines being at least 0.2 times the intensity of the most intense diffraction line. Catalyst components obtained from the adducts of the present invention are capable to give catalysts for the polymerization of olefins characterized by enhanced activity and stereospecificity with respect to the catalysts prepared from the adducts of the prior art.

Abstract: A complex catalyst for asymmetric epoxidation of enones containing an optically active binaphthol, lanthanum triisopropoxide, triphenylphosphine oxide substituted with electron withdrawing groups in the parapositions of the phenyl groups, and cumene hydroperoxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides new coordinative catalysts for the polymerization of alkylene oxides.

Abstract: An improved chromate catalyst on a highly porous silica support having high surface area and total pore volume, a method of using same to produce high performance polyethylene products, and the high performance polyethylene products, such as polyethylene pipe, produced thereby.

Abstract: Surprisingly stable olefin polymerization catalysts and co-catalysts formed from hydroxyaluminoxanes are revealed. In one embodiment of the invention, a solid composition of matter is formed from a hydroxyaluminoxane and a treating agent, whereby the rate of OH-decay for the solid composition is reduced as compared to that of the hydroxyaluminoxane. Gelatinous compositions of matter formed from hydroxyaluminoxane and having similar stability characteristics are also disclosed. Processes for converting a hydroxyaluminoxane into a such compositions of matter, supported catalysts formed from such co-catalyst compositions of matter, as well as methods of their use, are described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel process for the production of glycerol esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular of C18:2 conjugated fatty acids, by converting the polyunsaturated fatty acids with glycerol in the presence of a mixed catalyst comprising a combination of a food grade salt of a strong base and a weak acid and a soap of an organic acid with 2-26 C-atoms, preferably 10-20 C-atoms.

Abstract: Tin derivatives for use as oxygen-activated latent polycondensation catalysts. According to the invention, said tin derivatives have at least one tin-tin bond of the formula (I): R1—Yn—R4 wherein R1 and R4 which can be the same or different, are selected from hydrogen, and advantageously from the hydrocarbon radicals or together form a divalent radical or a single ring forming-bond; wherein n is at least equal to 2; wherein the Y, which are the same or different, stand for a stannic grouping having the structure (s): R′ and R″, which can be the same or different, are selected from hydrogen and advantageously from the hydrocarbon radicals. Application to paints.

Abstract: The invention concerns recyclable solid oxidation catalysts comprising a metal compound of a pentavalent or hexavalent metal M and selected among the group consisting of tantalum, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, grafted at the surface of a solid oxide with at least one, preferably one, covalent bond between an oxygen atom of the solid oxide and the metal M atom, the grafted metal compound having at least two alkoxy groups bound to the metal by the oxygen atom. Preferably, at least 2 alkoxy groups bound to the metal M belong to a polyol unit, preferably diol. The invention also concerns oxidation methods, in particular epoxidation methods using same.

Abstract: A method for stereoselective chemical synthesis, includes the steps of: (A) reacting a nucleophile and chiral or prochiral cyclic subtrate, said substrate comprising a carbocycle or a heterocycle having a reactive center susceptible to nucleophilic attack by the nucleophile, in the presence of a chiral non-racemic catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising a stereomerically enriched product wherein the product mixture further comprises a catalyst residue, at least a portion of the catalyst residue is in a first oxidation state, and the catalyst residue in the first oxidation state is active in catalyzing degradation of the stereoisomerically enriched product, and (B) chemically or electochemically changing the oxidation state of the catalyst residue from the first oxidation state to a second oxidation state, wherein catalyst residue in the second oxidation state is less active in catalyzing degradation of the stereoisomerically enriched product than is catalyst residue in the first oxidation state.

Abstract: A coating composition having (A) an alcohol dispersion which includes silica having the hydrophobic surface and dispersed in an alcohol dispersion medium, the content of silica in a solid substance being 80% by weight or more; (B) a solution including a silicone oligomer which is obtained by a reaction of an alkoxysilane with water and has an average structural unit represented by R1nSiOx/2(OH)y (OR2)z (R1 representing an alkyl group, phenyl group or vinyl group, R2 representing an alkyl group and n, x, y and z representing numbers satisfying relations: 0.8≦n≦1.7, 2<x<3.2, y>0, z>0 and y+z=4−n−x); and (C) a curing agent. The coating composition exhibits excellent storage stability after the curing agent is added, suppresses aggregation of fine silica particles in spray coating and provides coating films having a high hardness and exhibiting excellent weatherability, water resistance, chemical resistance and adhesion.

Abstract: A catalyst having high activity independent of the hydrogen concentration and low gel productivity in the polymerization of ethylene has been prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a molecular weight-enlarged, homogeneously soluble ligand, which includes: an average molecular weight of at least 1000 g/mol; a molecular weight-enlarging polymer; optionally, a linker; and at least one homochiral active center; wherein the active center is bound to the molecular weight-enlarging polymer through the linker or is bound directly to the molecular weight-enlarging polymer, methods of preparing, catalysts containing same, and methods of using same.

Abstract: The invention provides a supported chromium catalyst system comprising a chromium catalyst precursor bound via at least one heteroatom to a functionalised support, said heteroatom being connected to said support via an organic group.