Abstract: Tungsten carbide catalysts are used in preparation of ethylene glycol by hydrogenating degradation of cellulose. The catalyst includes tungsten carbide as main catalytic active component, added with small amount of one or more transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and copper as the second metal, supported on one or more porous complex supports such as active carbon, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, for conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. The catalyst realizes high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield in the conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol at the temperature of 120-300° C., hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa, and hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the existing industrial synthetic method of ethylene glycol using ethylene as feedstock, the invention has the advantages of using renewable raw material resources, environment friendly process, and excellent atom economy.

Abstract: A porous inorganic oxide support comprising an oxygen-containing carbonaceous material supported thereon, preferably a porous inorganic oxide support wherein the oxygen-containing carbonaceous material is a carbide of an oxygen-containing organic compound, wherein the ratio of the supported carbon amount with respect to the mass of the support for preparing the catalyst is from 0.05 to 0.2, the atomic ratio of the supported hydrogen amount with respect to the supported carbon amount is from 0.4 to 1.0, and the atomic ratio of the supported oxygen amount with respect to the supported carbon amount is from 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: Method for producing a hydrogen storage material that includes a metal hydride and a non-hydrogenated material and that is doped with a metal as a catalyst, includes; mixing a catalyst precursor, which includes the metal, with the non-hydrogenated material so as to provide a first mixture; agitating the first mixture; thermally treating the first mixture so as to form a composite of the non-hydrogenated material and the metal; mixing the composite with the metal hydride so as to provide a second mixture; and grinding the second mixture so as to provide the hydrogen storage material.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for use in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene is presented. The catalyst comprises a layered structure, wherein the catalyst has an inner core and an outer layer of active material. The catalyst further includes a metal deposited on the outer layer, and the catalyst is formed such that the catalyst has an accessibility index between 3 and 500.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a catalyst support, and includes the steps of providing an aqueous suspension of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; forming the suspension into droplets; exposing the droplets to a gelling agent whereby the droplets are at least partially solidified so as to provide substantially sphere-shaped portions of refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide; and drying and calcining the sphere-shaped portions so as to provide substantially spherical particles of catalyst support containing refractory inorganic oxide and refractory inorganic carbide. Catalytically active metal phases and hydrogenation processes using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst is prepared by pyrolyzing a source of iron and a source of nitrogen on a carbon support. Preferably, a noble metal is deposited over the modified support which comprises iron and nitrogen bound to the carbon support. The catalyst is effective for oxidation reactions such as the oxidative cleavage of tertiary amines to produce secondary amines, especially the oxidation of N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine.

Abstract: Catalysts are formulated to resemble a direct ammonia/air fuel cell at short circuit at the nanoscale level to convert ammonia in aqueous solution directly and spontaneously to nitrogen at near or above ambient temperature. The catalyst particle contains a type-A catalyst subparticles for ammonia oxidation to nitrogen, and a type-C catalyst subparticles for oxygen reduction, with the type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles electrically shorted. Advantages realized at the nanoscale level are enhanced conductances for electrons and hydroxyl anions between the neighboring type-A and type-C catalyst subparticles. With the catalysts packed and confined in a catalyst bed in a chemical reactor, the direct conversion of ammonia in an aqueous phase to nitrogen can be carried out continuously for ammonia removal from a water stream in a compact package, and without the high cost arising from constructing and maintaining a bulk electrochemical device, and without the step of exacting the ammonia into gas phase.

Abstract: The durability of a fuel cell having a polymer electrolyte membrane with an anode on one surface and an oxygen-reducing cathode on the other surface is improved by substituting electrically conductive titanium carbide or titanium nitride particles for carbon particles as oxygen-reducing and hydrogen-oxidizing catalyst supports. For example nanosize platinum particles deposited on nanosize titanium carbide or titanium nitride support particles provide good oxygen reduction capability and are corrosion resistant in an acid environment. It is preferred that the catalyst-on-titanium carbide (nitride) particles be mixed with non-catalyst-bearing carbon in the electrode material for improved electrode performance.

Abstract: A porous inorganic oxide support comprising an oxygen-containing carbonaceous material supported thereon, preferably a porous inorganic oxide support wherein the oxygen-containing carbonaceous material is a carbide of an oxygen-containing organic compound, wherein the ratio of the supported carbon amount with respect to the mass of the support for preparing the catalyst is from 0.05 to 0.2, the atomic ratio of the supported hydrogen amount with respect to the supported carbon amount is from 0.4 to 1.0, and the atomic ratio of the supported oxygen amount with respect to the supported carbon amount is from 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes at least one honeycomb member including inorganic fibers and having walls extending along a longitudinal direction to define cells. A catalyst is provided on the wall in an amount of at least about 100 g and at most about 400 g per liter of volume of the honeycomb structure. The honeycomb member has a pore distribution measured using mercury porosimetry in which a pore distribution curve has a first peak in a range from about 0.005 ?m to about 0.03 ?m of a pore diameter, a second peak in a range from about 1 ?m to about 15 ?m of the pore diameter, and a third peak in a range from about 15 ?m to about 50 ?m of the pore diameter, where the curve is drawn by plotting the pore diameter (?m) on an X-axis and a log differential pore volume (mL/g) on a Y-axis.

Abstract: Methods for forming compositions including carbide-containing nanorods and/or oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or carbide containing nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing modified carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: A carbon sequestration and dry reforming process for the production of synthesis gas and sequestered carbon from carbon dioxide. Two-dimension (non-porous) catalysts for sequestering carbon are also disclosed and a process to produce same as well as a method for activating two dimension catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst with large surface area structure, in particular for steam-reforming catalysts, which is characterised in that the large surface area structure is formed of a large number of round or parallel penetrating holes of polygonal cross-section, wherein the catalyst carrier is prepared in the injection moulding process, coated with a washcoat and then impregnated with the active component. The catalyst carrier includes at least one sinterable material and has a lateral pressure resistance of at least 700 N. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of such catalysts and the use thereof in a reactor.

Abstract: A reduction catalyst having a first metal component comprising one of Co, Os, Fe, Re, Rh and Ru. The first metal component is present in the catalyst at from 0.5 percent to 20 percent, by weight. A second metal component differing from the first metal component present in the catalyst with the second metal component being selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Zn, Co, Re, Cu, Pb, Cr, W, Mo, Sn, Nb, Cd, Te, V, Bi, Ga and Na. A hydrogenation catalyst comprising one or both of Ni and Co and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Mo and Rh.

Abstract: This invention relates to ?-SiC foam parts with a specific surface area preferably equal to at least 5 m2/g and with at least two zones A and B with a different cellular porosity distribution, wherein the parts were made by chemical transformation of a porous precursor medium comprising at least two blocks A? and B?, each having a different cellular porosity distribution, and in that the at least two zones A and B are derived from the chemical transformation of the two blocks A? and B?. This foam, optionally after deposition of an active layer, may be used as a filter medium in cartridges designed for the purification of exhaust gases. The invention also relates to manufacturing processes for preparing such a filter medium.

Abstract: The cathode catalyst for a fuel cell includes an RuSe alloy having an average particle size of less than or equal to 6 nm. The cathode catalyst may also include a metal carbide. The RuSe alloy is a highly active amorphous catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous catalysis, and more particularly to catalysts including carbon supports having formed thereon compositions which comprise a transition metal in combination with nitrogen and/or carbon. The invention further relates to the fields of catalytic oxidation, including the preparation of secondary amines by the catalytic oxidation of tertiary amines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a catalytic composition comprising at least one non-noble metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB of the periodic table. The invention also relates to the catalytic composition thus produced, which has a high specific activity in reactions involving the hydroprocessing of light and intermediate fractions, preferably in reactions involving the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbon streams, including hydrodesulphurisation (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydro-dearomatisation (HDA).

Abstract: A new method for preparing a supported catalyst is herein provided. The supported catalyst comprises a carbon nanotube network structure containing metal catalysts. The metal catalyst may be loaded onto functionalized carbon nanotubes before forming the carbon nanotube network structure. Alternatively, the metal catalyst may be loaded onto the carbon nanotube network structures themselves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of making a catalyst for carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, comprising heating oxygen compound of transition metal in oxidative ambient at a temperature of 800° C. through 1,5000 C to be transformed into an agglomerated transition metal oxide; and powdering the agglomerated transition metal oxide into a minute particle. Thus, the present invention provides a catalyst for carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, and a method of making the same, in which production cost is reduced and it is possible to safekeep for a long time.

Abstract: An attrition resistant precipitated bulk iron catalyst is prepared from iron oxide precursor and a binder by spray drying. The catalysts are preferably used in carbon monoxide hydrogenation processes such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. These catalysts are suitable for use in fluidized-bed reactors, transport reactors and, especially, slurry bubble column reactors.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of synthesizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and carbon-containing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2-xCx) catalysts that exhibit improved catalytic activity for hydrotreating reactions involving hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrogenation. The present invention also concerns the resulting catalysts. Furthermore, the invention concerns the promotion of these catalysts with Co, Ni, Fe, and/or Ru sulfides to create catalysts with greater activity, for hydrotreating reactions, than conventional catalysts such as cobalt molybdate on alumina support.

Abstract: Catalysts have been discovered that are useful in hydrogenation reactions, and particularly for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene and/or methyl acetylene (MA) and/or propadiene (PD) in light olefin-rich feedstreams. These catalysts can selectively hydrogenate acetylene with less selectivity to making oligomers (green oil) as compared with existing commercial catalysts, particularly palladium catalysts. These catalysts are non-palladium catalysts, and have three different constituents that are metal or metal-based components. The metal of the first constituent may be nickel or platinum, the metal of the second constituent may be from Groups 1–10, and the metal of the third constituent may be from Groups 11–12, where the Groups are of the Periodic Table of Elements (new IUPAC notation).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method to produce ceramic materials utilizing the sol-gel process. The methods enable the preparation of intimate homogeneous dispersions of materials while offering the ability to control the size of one component within another. The method also enables the preparation of materials that will densify at reduced temperature.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst. The method comprises the step of leaching alloy particles. Preferably, the alloy particles are hydrogen storage alloy particles.

Abstract: Compositions including modified carbide-containing nanorods and/or modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including modified oxycarbide-containing nanorods and/or modified carbide containing nanorods and/or modified carbon nanotubes bearing modified carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided.

Abstract: Catalysts for the water gas shift reaction contain a variety of late transition metals. The catalytic compositions contain a late transition metal carried on a support which is a carbide, nitride, or mixed carbide nitride of a group 6 metal such as molybdenum, tungsten, and mixtures thereof. The late transition metal includes ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, or gold. The water gas shift reaction may be catalyzed by contacting a gaseous stream containing carbon monoxide and water with such a solid catalyst composition. In some embodiments, the catalysts are several times more active than known commercial catalysts for the water gas shift reaction.

Abstract: Compositions including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide-based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided. Rigid porous structures including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are also provided. The compositions and rigid porous structures of the invention can be used either as catalyst and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided. The fluid phase catalytic reactions catalyzed include hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurisation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallisation, hydrodeoxigenation, hydrodearomatization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, isomerization, alkylation, dealkylation and transalkylation.

Abstract: A gel composition substantially contained within the pores of a solid material is disclosed for use as a catalyst or as a catalyst support in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: Methods for producing molybdenum carbide. An embodiment of the method may comprise heating a precursor material in a first heating zone in the presence of a reducing gas and a carbonizing gas, the first heating zone having a first temperature. Moving the precursor material into a second heating zone to form the molybdenum carbide from the precursor material, the second heating zone having a second temperature, the second temperature being at least 100° C. hotter than the first temperature.

Abstract: Mixed metal carbide catalysts that are active for catalyzing the net partial oxidation of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed, along with their method of making. The preferred catalysts of the invention comprise a mixture of at least two carbided metals that are prepared by the reaction of the metal oxides, alkoxides or nitrates with a hydrocarbon of the formula CnH2n+2 wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4. Optionally, the catalysts include an additional promoter and/or a catalyst support. Preferred catalysts are at least 50 wt % molybdenum, tungsten or chromium, and also contain a second metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, iron, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, cobalt, copper, tin and bismuth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon over a spinel-containing catalyst at short residence times or short contact times. The present invention also provides spinel-containing catalysts. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods and catalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts in mesoporous structures. In a preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a method for encapsulating a dispersed insoluble compound in a mesoporous structure comprising combining a soluble oxide precursor, a solvent, and a surfactant to form a mixture; dispersing an insoluble compound in the mixture; spray-drying the mixture to produce dry powder; and calcining the powder to yield a porous structure comprising the dispersed insoluble compound.

Abstract: Compositions including oxycarbide-based nanorods and/or carbide-based nanorods and/or carbon nanotubes bearing carbides and oxycarbides and methods of making the same are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and rigid porous structures that contain nanorods having carbides and/or oxycarbides and methods of making and using such compositions and such rigid porous structures. The compositions and rigid porous structures can be used either as catalysts and/or catalyst supports in fluid phase catalytic chemical reactions. Processes for making supported catalyst for selected fluid phase catalytic reactions are also provided. The fluid phase catalytic reactions catalyzed include hydrogenation hydrodesulfuriaation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallization, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodearomatization, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolyis, isomerization, alkylation, dealkylation, oxidation and transalkylation.

Abstract: In a storage structure comprising storage material for storing hydrogen by hydrogenation of, and releasing hydrogen by dehydrogenation from the storage material, the storage material consists of a metal, a metal alloy, an inter-metallic phase or a compound material which forms with hydrogen a metal hydride, the storage structure includes a catalyst in the form of a metal nitride or a metal carbide uniformly distributed throughout the storage material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing phosgene which in one embodiment comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine sequentially with a first catalyst followed by contacting the resulting gaseous reaction mixture comprising phosgene with at least one second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst. In another embodiment a method is disclosed for producing phosgene which comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine with at least one catalyst bed comprising a first catalyst wherein at least a portion of said first catalyst is diluted with a second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst.

Abstract: Mixed metal carbide catalysts that are active for catalyzing the net partial oxidation of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed, along with their method of making. The preferred catalysts of the invention comprise a mixture of at least two carbided metals that are prepared by the reaction of the metal oxides, alkoxides or nitrates with a hydrocarbon of the formula CnH2n+2 wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4. Optionally, the catalysts include an additional promoter and/or a catalyst support. Preferred catalysts are at least 50 wt % molybdenum, tungsten or chromium, and also contain a second metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, iron, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, cobalt, copper, tin and bismuth.

Abstract: Mixed metal carbide catalysts that are active for catalyzing the net partial oxidation of methane to CO and H2 are disclosed, along with their method of making. The preferred catalysts of the invention comprise a mixture of at least two carbided metals that are prepared by the reaction of the metal oxides, alkoxides or nitrates with a hydrocarbon of the formula CnH2n+2 wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4. Optionally, the catalysts include an additional promoter and/or a catalyst support. Preferred catalysts are at least 50 wt % molybdenum, tungsten or chromium, and also contain a second metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, iron, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, cobalt, copper, tin and bismuth.

Abstract: The present invention is a coated hydrogenation catalyst that includes a porous support material, an active metal component and a silica precursor, wherein the support material is impregnated with the active metal component and then contacted with the silica precursor. After impregnation, the support material is calcined to form a SiO2 layer. The active metal component can be one or more Group VIII metals, metal oxides, metal sulfides or metal carbides. The support material for the coated catalyst is kieselguhr, alumina, silica or silica-alumina. In a preferred embodiment, the active metal component is platinum, palladium, rhodium, rhenium or iridium and the catalyst includes a zeolite component. The coated catalyst is prepared by first impregnating the support material with the active metal component and then contacting the silica precursor to form an impregnated catalyst. The impregnated catalyst is then calcined to form the coated catalyst having a SiO2 layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing phosgene which in one embodiment comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine sequentially with a first catalyst followed by contacting the resulting gaseous reaction mixture comprising phosgene with at least one second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst. In another embodiment a method is disclosed for producing phosgene which comprises contacting in at least one reactor a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and chlorine with at least one catalyst bed comprising a first catalyst wherein at least a portion of said first catalyst is diluted with a second catalyst of higher relative activity than a first catalyst.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst containing at least one amorphous oxide matrix, at least one carbide and phosphorous deposited on said catalyst or contained in the matrix, in which the carbide contain at least one group VIB element and, optionally, at least one element from group VIII of the periodic table. The invention also concerns the use of the catalyst for hydrodesulphurisation and hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in gas oils with a low sulphur content.

Abstract: Mono- and bimetallic transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides, and their oxygen containing analogs (e.g. oxycarbides) for use as water gas shift catalysts are described. In a preferred embodiment, the catalysts have the general formula of M1AM2BZCOD, wherein M1 is selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, and combinations thereof; M2 is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, and combinations thereof; Z is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, boron, and combinations thereof; A is an integer; B is 0 or an integer greater than 0; C is an integer; 0 is oxygen; and D is 0 or an integer greater than 0. The catalysts exhibit good reactivity, stability, and sulfur tolerance, as compared to conventional water shift gas catalysts. These catalysts hold promise for use in conjunction with proton exchange membrane fuel cell powered systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalyst, comprising a carbon support having a noble metal at its surface, for use in catalyzing liquid phase oxidation reactions, especially in an acidic oxidative environment and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; a process for the preparation of the improved catalyst; a liquid phase oxidation process using such a catalyst wherein the catalyst exhibits improved resistance to noble metal leaching, particularly in acidic oxidative environments and in the presence of solvents, reactants, intermediates, or products which solubilize noble metals; and a liquid phase oxidation process in which N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (i.e., “PMIDA”) or a salt thereof is oxidized to form N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (i.e., “glyphosate”) or a salt thereof using such a catalyst wherein the oxidation of the formaldehyde and formic acid by-products into carbon dioxide and water is increased.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and process for preparing such catalyst composition which can be useful in contacting a hydrocarbon-containing fluid which contains a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as 1,3-butadiene, in the presence of hydrogen, with such catalyst composition in a hydrogenation zone under a hydrogenation condition effective to hydrogenate such highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon such as n-butene is disclosed. Such process for preparing a catalyst composition includes (1) combining a zeolite, a Group VIB metal, and an inorganic support to form a modified zeolite; (2) calcining such modified zeolite under a calcining condition to produce a calcined, modified zeolite; and (3) contacting such calcined, modified zeolite with a carburizing agent under a carburizing condition to provide such catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst comprises an electrically conductive ceramic substrate having at least one noble metal supported thereupon. The substrate may be a transition metal based ceramic such as a carbide, nitride, boride, or silicide of a transition metal, and the noble metal may comprise a mixture of noble metals. The substrate may comprise a high surface area ceramic. Also disclosed are fuel cells incorporating the catalysts.

Abstract: Silicon carbide foam useful as a catalyst support has a BET specific surface area of at least 5 m2/g, and a compression strength exceeding 0.2 MPa. The foam is prepared by impreganting an organic foam with a suspension of silicon in a resin containing a cross-linking agent, incompletely cross-linking the resin, carbonizing the foam and resin, and carburizing the silicon.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a material containing carbon and boron, comprising: a) providing a substrate within a chemical vapor deposition chamber; b) flowing a carbon and boron precursor into the chamber, the precursor being a compound that comprises both carbon and boron; and c) utilizing the precursor to chemical vapor deposit a material onto the substrate, the material comprising carbon and boron. In another aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a catalyst, comprising: a) providing a substrate within a chemical vapor deposition chamber; b) flowing a carbon and boron precursor into the chamber, the precursor being a compound that comprises both carbon and boron; c) utilizing the precursor to chemical vapor deposit a first material onto the substrate, the first material comprising carbon and boron; and d) coating the first material with a catalytic material.

Abstract: A process for preparing aliphatic alpha,omega-amino nitrites by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst used for the partial hydrogenation comprises (a) iron or a compound based on iron or mixtures thereof and (b) from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on 2,3,4 or 5 elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, silicon, zirconium, titanium and vanadium and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal.