Abstract: A molybdenum carbide compound is formed by reacting a molybdate with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. By heating the molybdate powder from a temperature below 300° C. to maximum temperature 850° C., a controlled reaction can be conducted wherein molybdenum carbide is formed. A high surface area, nanograin, metastable molybdenum carbide can be formed when the reaction temperature is below 750° C. The metastable molybdenum carbide is particularly suitable for use as a catalyst for the methane dry reforming reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing a catalyst comprising a porous support and a catalytically active metal deposited thereon comprising the steps of treating the porous support with a solution of a salt of the catalytically active metal and a reducing agent to achieve electroless deposition of the catalytically active metal on the support. The invention also relates to a catalyst obtainable by the method and a process of producing hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first solid material comprising activated carbon and at least one carburized transition metal; and a second solid material comprising at least one halogen component and alumina, and a method of preparing such catalyst system which comprises mixing a first solid material comprising activated carbon and at least one carburized transition metal and a second solid material comprising at least one halogen component and alumina are disclosed. The thus-obtained catalyst system is employed as a catalyst in the isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising alumina, at least one carburized transition metal, and at least one halogen component, and a method of preparing such catalyst system which comprises incorporating at least one transition metal compound into alumina thereby forming a transition metal-alumina compound; carburizing the transition metal-alumina compound thereby forming a carburized transition metal-alumina compound; and incorporating at least one halogen component into the carburized transition metal-alumina compound, are disclosed. The thus-obtained catalyst system is employed as a catalyst in the isomerization of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising saturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for use in a rechargeable metal-air electrochemical cell comprises an oxygen evolution catalyst coated with a thin film deposition of carbon. This catalyst is useful to make an air electrode which produces more power in a metal-air cell then a metal-air cell having oxygen evolution catalyst without the thin carbon film.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide MoVLaPdNbXO catalytic system (wherein X=Al, Ga, Ge and/or Si) providing higher selectivity and space time yield of acetic acid at low pressure and low temperature in a single stage oxidation of ethane with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and steam.

Abstract: A method of producing an acoustic baffle/catalyst foam support material and the resultant material. A polyurethane open cell foam material is provided having a density between 10-100 ppi. The polyurethane foam is infiltrated with a resin material to produce an impregnated foam. The impregnated foam is pyrolized to form a carbon skeleton forming a carbon foam. The carbon foam skeleton is coated with one or more of the following group of materials to a relative density of five to thirty five (5-35) percent, the group of materials being SiC, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, MoSi.sub.2 or high temperature metal.

Abstract: An SiC film having an excellent strength and thermal characteristics. The SiC film is prepared by a CVD process (i.e. CVD-SiC fabrication) and has a thermal conductivity along the direction of the SiC crystal growth between 100 and 300 W/m.multidot.K, and an average grain diameter of the internal structure between 4 to 12 .mu.m. It is preferred that the ratio of the thermal conductivity along the direction of the SiC crystal growth to the thermal conductivity in the perpendicular direction is in a range of 1.10 to 1.40.

Abstract: SiC foam-based catalyst carrier in the form of a moulded part having walls reinforced with a SiC skin having mechanical characteristics higher than those of the foam, this skin allowing the carrier to be handled and used without damage.

Abstract: Monomodal or polymodal catalyst supports or catalysts having a BET specific surface area of from 0.01 to 250 m.sup.2 /g and a monomodal or polymodal pore size distribution having a mean pore diameter of from 50 to 300,000 nm measured by the mercury pressure porosimetry method, whereina) from 10 to 95% of the pore volume is at from 0.1 to 3 times the mean pore diameter and/orb) from 10 to 80% of the pore volume is at from 0.4 to 3 times the mean pore diameter and/orc) from 50 to 95% of the pore volume is at from 0.1 to 1 times the mean pore diameter and/ord) from 50 to 80% of the pore volume is at from 0.4 to 1 times the mean pore diameter ande) the width at half height of the pore size distribution is less than 0.

Abstract: Monomodal or polymodal catalyst supports or catalysts having a BET specific surface area of from 0.01 to 250 m.sup.2 /g and a monomodal or polymodal pore size distribution having a mean pore diameter of from 50 to 300,000 nm measured by the mercury pressure porosimetry method, whereina) from 10 to 95% of the pore volume is at from 0.2 to 100 times the mean pore diameter and/orb) from 10 to 80% of the pore volume is at from 0.8 to 100 times the mean pore diameter and/orc) from 50 to 95% of the pore volume is at from 0.2 to 1 times the mean pore diameter and/ord) from 50 to 80% of the pore volume is at from 0.8 to 1 times the mean pore diameter ande) the width at half height of the pore size distribution is less than 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst and method for purifying exhaust gases, having superior performance of NOx purification to exhaust gases containing oxygen and nitrogen oxides, particularly superior performance of NOx elimination to exhaust gases from lean-bum engines with excess oxygen, and a wider effective temperature range of NOx elimination, and also superior heat resistance at high temperature, said catalyst for purifying exhaust gases comprises, as indispensable contents, iridium and alkaline metal loaded on a carrier which is at least one selected from metal carbide and metal nitride, or these and at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal elements and rare earth metal elements, and said method using these catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition, a process for producing the composition and a process for transalkylation of C.sub.9 + aromatic compounds to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons are disclosed. The composition comprises a zeolite and tungsten wherein tungsten is preferably present as tungsten carbide which is impregnated on the zeolite. A preferred process for producing the catalyst composition which comprises: (1) contacting a zeolite with an effective amount of an acid under a condition sufficient to produce an acid-leached zeolite; and (2) impregnating acid-leached zeolite with an effective amount of tungsten-containing compound under a condition sufficient to effect the production of a tungsten carbide-promoted zeolite. The transalkylation process comprises contacting, in the presence of the catalyst composition, a fluid which comprises a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound with a hydrogen-containing fluid under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for hydrogenation of aromatic nitro or nitroso (nitrosated) compounds. The process, useful in hydrogenation, especially in the liquid phase, of compounds, nitroaromatic ones in particular, is defined in that the said compound is hydrogenated in the presence of tungsten carbide, the partial pressure of hydrogen being at least equal to two atmospheres (2.times.10.sup.5 pascals). The process also has application to organic synthesis.

Abstract: A process for isomerizing straight chain hydrocarbons having at least seven carbon atoms by forming a reaction mixture including at least one of the straight chain hydrocarbons and hydrogen and passing the reaction mixture over a catalyst including a molybdenum compound, at least the surface of which is formed of molybdenum carbide partially oxidized in the form of at least one oxycarbide.

Abstract: A process for forming a supported metal carbide catalyst, for example, a Group VIB transition metal carbide, such as tungsten carbide, which process comprises the calcination of a carbon support that has been impregnated with a metal carbide precursor comprising a water soluble salt of: (1) a cation comprising nitrogen-hydrogen bonded moieties, such as a guanidine cation; and (2) an anion, such as a tungstate anion, comprising metal-oxygen bonded moieties, so that upon calcination the product formed is the metal carbide and the by-products comprise ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A catalyst for chemical and petrochemical reactions and a process for its production. The catalyst comprises an oxide of one of the transition metals, rare earth elements, or actinide elements, e.g., molybdenum, having on its surface carbides and oxycarbides, the core being the metal or the metal oxide. In the process for catalyst production, the reaction gas mixture containing carbon products is passed onto the oxide, leading to a progressive carburization of the surface of the oxide and to a progressive increase in the efficiency of the catalyst.

Abstract: Transition metal carbides, having high surface areas and catalytic activity for use in pollution control, isomerization and hydrodesulfurization procedures, can be formed by the calcination of a mixture of an acyclic compound containing carbon-nitrogen-hydrogen bonding and a metal salt. The acyclic compound is preferably a compound of guanidine or a derivative thereof such as a deammoniated derivative of guanidine. The metal salt is preferably a metal halide such as a metal chloride.

Abstract: A process for forming a metal carbide catalyst, for example, a Group VIB transition metal carbide, such as tungsten carbide, which may be on a support, which process comprises the calcination of a precursor comprising a water soluble salt of: (1) a cation comprising nitrogen-hydrogen bonded moieties, such as a guanidine cation; and (2) an anion, such as a tungstate anion, comprising metal-oxygen bonded moieties, so that upon calcination the product formed is the metal carbide and the by-products comprise ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to catalytic coating compositions for surfaces of cookers, ovens, fryers or grills, to a process for the preparation of these coating compositions, and to cookers, ovens, fryers or grills or parts thereof having surfaces provided with the coating compositions according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a rare metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements which has been deposited on an inert support and which has been used to dehalogenate .alpha.-halogenated carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrogen, and a rare metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements which has been deposited on an inert support and which is such that the granulometry of b) is very much lower than that of a) to form a homogeneous mixture as a result of the action of currents of .alpha.-halogenated carboxylic acid and hydrogen.It is particularly useful for regenerating palladium catalysts used in the purification of crude monochloroacetic acid.

Abstract: Supported non-oxide metal carbide-containing catalysts are provided which comprise: (a) an oxide support, such as alumina or cordierite; (b) a passivating layer of a ceramic, such as silicon carbide; and (c) a non-oxide metal ceramic catalytic component, such as a Group VI metal carbide or nitride, preferably tungsten carbide or molybdenum carbide.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an iridium supported on at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of metal carbides and metal nitrides for eliminating nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas in the presence of oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric quantity of oxidizing components for reducing components. The catalyst is effective for eliminating NO.sub.x in exhaust gas from lean burn engines such as lean burn gasoline engines and diesel engines containing excess O.sub.2 corresponding to an A/F ratio of 17 or over.

Abstract: Nitriles can be hydrogenated to amines by heating the nitrile in the presence of hydrogen and a tungsten carbide catalyst, such as are formed by the calcination of a tungsten salt with an acyclic compound containing-nitrogen-hydrogen bonding.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic system and to a method of producing such a system.The catalytic system consists of a support on which the catalytically active product is deposited. The support has mechanical or physical properties which are of interest in terms of the required working conditions, but a poor specific surface area. The catalytically active product, a metallic carbide, is obtained by coating the support in a suspension of a reducible compound of the metal in a solution of an organic compound, carbonizing this compound, reducing the metallic compound and carburizing the metal. The carbide thus obtained has a high specific surface area.Preferably, the support consists of silicon carbide produced by carbonizing a paste containing silicon, carbon and an organic resin.The invention is applicable to any form of catalyst but in particular to the monolithic catalysts intended for treating exhaust gases.

Abstract: Process for activating carbides of heavy metals with a large specific surface with a view to their use as a catalyst for chemical or petrochemical reactions consisting of treating the said carbides by managed oxidation under an oxidizing gas stream at a temperature between 250.degree. and 450.degree. C., maintaining the temperature for at least 3 hours and then cooling to ambient temperature, still under said oxidizing stream.

Abstract: An eta phase composition in powder form, prepared in the absence of sulfur or sulfur bearing compounds, having a surface area greater than about 2m.sup.2 /g and consisting of X.sub.6 Y.sub.6 Z.sub.a wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo and W, Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Mo and W, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of C, N and combinations thereof such that when Z is N, a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2 and when Z is C, a is greater than 1 but less than or equal to 2 except when Z is C and Y is Fe, then a is greater than or equal to 1 but less than or equal to 2. The eta phase may be a carbide, nitride or carbonitride. A method for producing the eta-phase composition includes providing a precursor compound including at least two eta-phase forming metals, and a ligand containing carbon, nitrogen or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a platinum catalyst and a process for preparing the same. The catalyst comprises carbon supports and the carbides of (i) platinum and of (ii) one or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, chromium and iron, and if necessary of (iii) manganese, supported on the carbon supports. The catalyst possesses superior catalyst performance because the catalyst metals are firmly fixed to the carbon supports by means of the carburizing.The process for preparing the platinum catalyst includes alloying the metals by employing their organic acid amine salts. This alloying requires a lower temperature than that in a conventional process so that the movement of the metals which leads to agglomeration thereof can be advantageously prevented.

Abstract: A device for recombining hydrogen and oxygen released in maintenance-free ad-acid storage batteries as well as their electrochemical conversion is composed of electrodes employed in a stack enveloped in a sheath of microporous material with the individual electrodes also being separated by such material. The device may be employed in sealed storage batteries when connected through a diode to the negative pole of a cell of the battery. A stack of electrodes may be divided in two parts, one part connected through a diode to the negative pole and the other part connected through a diode and a resistor to the positive pole, at which time the device is immersed partially in the electrolyte of the cell. The electrodes contains a catalyst from a combination of tungsten carbide and the active or activate carbon and a polymeric binder on a support grid of lead or lead alloy, the catalyst/binder mixture having been pressed onto the support grid or forming two layers situated at the surfaces of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods and compostions produced thereby are provided concerning the preparation and use of high specific surface area carbides and nitrides. The carbides and nitrides can be obtained by thermal reduction of oxides in the presence of a source of carbon and nitrogen respectively, with relatively slow progressive temperature increases prior to completion of the reaction, followed by quenching. Novel metastable carbides can be obtained by carburization of nitrides having high surface area, which nitrides can be prepared by the above-described process.

Abstract: Supported catalysts containing palladium on a support material are improved by added bases which remain on the material. These supported catalysts are useful for hydrogenating optionally substituted phenols to give the corresponding cyclohexanols as the predominant product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions which are suitable for use in such processes as ammonia synthesis, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydrogenation and denitrogenation. The method comprises forming a gel, or suspension, by admixing: (i) one or more transition metal cyano-containing anionic-complex solutions wherein at least one solution contains a reducible transition metal, and wherein one or more of these solutions optionally contains a nonreducible metal, with (ii) one or more solutions containing polyvalent metal cations. The resulting gel, or suspension is heated to a temperature of about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. for an effective amount of time to allow hydrolysis and polymerization to occur. The resulting solid is then filtered and ion exchanged with ions of one or more metals selected from those exchangeable metals from groups IA, IIA, IIIB, IVB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The resulting ion-exchanged material is then dried.

Abstract: A carbon-containing mixture is obtained by collecting a dispersed phase mixture from an aerosol which has been formed by introducing a decomposable carbon compound and a decomposable metallic compound into a hot gas containing steam.Since this carbon-containing mixture is extremely high in uniformity and consists of extremely fine particles, it can afford after heat treatment a metal carbide of high quality.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning catalyst composed of a refractory three-dimensional structure and a catalytically active substance supported thereon. That surface or part of the catalyst which makes contact with an exhaust gas is formed of numerous irregularly arranged protrusions composed of a refractory inorganic powder having a particle diameter of 5 to 300 micrometers or a mixture of it with refractory inorganic fibers and the catalytically active substance supported on the protrusions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions comprised of:(a) from about 15 to about 85 wt. % of crystallites selected from the group consisting of (i) crystallites of one or more transition metals and (ii) crystallites of reducible transition metal carbides and nitrides, and mixtures thereof, said transition metal being selected from those reducible metals from Groups IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, wherein at least 80% of the crystallities have a diameter, d, between about 25 .ANG. and 500 .ANG. with the proviso that the crystallite size distribution of at least about 80% of these be expressed by the relationship 0.5D<d<2D where D is the median of the diameters of this 80%.(b) from about 15 to about 85 wt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbonaceous material which reacts rapidly with hydrogen to produce a methane-rich gas containing at least 20% by volume methane. The carbonaceous material is formed by contacting a carbon monoxide containing gas with an initiator including a ferrous group metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel. The carbonaceous material grows from the surface of the initiator as fibers which include a ferrous metal component derived from the initiator. This ferrous metal component, which may be a metal, an alloy, a carbide, or other metallic substance, is dispersed throughout the carbon network as small nodules which are at least partially bonded to the carbon.

Abstract: A carrier for abrasion-resistant catalysts having a surface coated with high-fusion oxides, nitrides and/or carbides of at least one transition metal, or boron, of aluminum and/or of silicon or of combination of these compounds. The coating is carried out using physical vapor deposition techniques, such as evaporating coating ion plating or cathode sputtering. The layer thus produced consists of individual structures, such as stems and/or columns having different elevations which together produce a porous layer serving as an intermediate layer for the subsequent deposition of the catalytic material.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for producing substantially C.sup.2 + alkane hydrocarbons from mixtures of CO and H.sub.2 which comprises a mixture of iron carbide and ilmenite supported on titania wherein the ratio of the iron present in the supported iron carbide and ilmenite, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, to the surface area of the titania support ranges from about 2.times.10.sup.-3 to 25.times.10.sup.-3 grams per square meter.

Abstract: This invention relates to a finely divided iron carbide-first row transition metal-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser. The catalysts may be used to produce various hydrocarbons, including olefins, from CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a finely divided iron carbide-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser. The catalysts may be used to produce various hydrocarbons, including olefins, from CO and H.sub.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a promoted finely divided or supported iron carbide-based catalyst which is produced by a gas phase pyrolytic decomposition reaction driven by a laser and the use of such a catalyst to produce various heavier hydrocarbons from CO and H.sub.2.

Abstract: A process is provided for the reforming of alcohols, particularly methanol, in the presence of Group VIIA and VIIIA metal carbides at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising iron carbide on a surface modified titania support wherein said support comprises a surface modifying oxide of tantalum, niobium, vanadium and mixtures thereof supported on said titania wherein at least a portion of said surface modifying oxide is in a non-crystalline form. These catalysts are useful for Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reactions. Preferably, at least about 25 wt. % of said surface modifying oxide will be in a non-crystalline form.

Abstract: Slurried, high surface area, Cu promoted Fe-Co spinels which are fully reduced/carburized provide exceptionally high activity and selectivity in the conversion of CO/H.sub.2 to alpha-olefins, particularly when carbided in-situ in the reactor. These copper iron-cobalt catalysts maintain good activity and selectivity under low pressure reaction conditions.

Abstract: Substantially C.sub.2 + alkane hydrocarbons are produced from mixtures of CO and H.sub.2 by contacting same, at elevated temperature, with a catalyst comprising a mixture of iron carbide and ilmenite supported on titania wherein the ratio of the iron present in said supported iron carbide and ilmenite, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, to the surface area of the titania support ranges from about 2.times.10.sup.-3 to 25.times.10.sup.-3 grams per square meter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions wherein a gel, or colloidal suspension is formed by admixing (a) a 0.6 to 10M aqueous solution containing one or more soluble salts or complexes of one or more transition metals, wherein at least one of the transition metals is reducible and hydrolyzable, and one or more elements selected from Cr, Al, Si, Th, U, the lanthanides, and elements from Groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements, with (b) a 0.5 to 10N aqueous base solution. The solid material is separated from the resulting gel, or colloidal suspension and washed and dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions which are suitable for use in such processes as ammonia synthesis, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydrogenation and denitrogenation. The method comprises forming a gel, or suspension, by admixing: (i) one or more transition metal cyano-containing anionic-complex solutions wherein at least one solution contains a reducible transition metal, and wherein one or more of these solutions optionally contains a nonreducible metal, with (ii) one or more solutions containing polyovalent metal cations. The resulting gel, or suspension is heated at a temperature of about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. for an effective amount of time to allow hydrolysis and polymerization to occur. The resulting solid is then separated and dried.

Abstract: A catalyst composition having excellent mechanical strength comprising a compound containing a heteropolyacid as a base and whiskers.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which has the formulaCu.sub.a ZrMn.sub.b Y.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.xwhereinY is selected from the group consisting of Al, Zn, Ce, Cr, Co, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ag, Ru, Re, Os, Ta, Nb or a mixture of two or more thereof,A is an alkali or alkaline earth metal or a mixture of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals,a is from about 0.1 to about 3,b is from about 0.01 to about 3,c is from 0 to about 3,d is from about 0.02 to about 2.5, andx is the number of oxygens needed to fulfill the valance requirements of the other elements. A process for making alcohol mixtures is also disclosed which comprises contacting a gaseous reactant containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide (e.g., synthesis gas) with the foregoing catalyst.

Abstract: Slurried high surface area Fe-Co spinels which are fully reduced/carburized provide exceptionally high activity and selectivity in the conversion of CO/H.sub.2 to alpha-olefins. These iron-cobalt catalysts maintain good activity and selectivity under low pressure reaction conditions.