Abstract: Disclosed is a visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition comprising a visible light active photocatalytic material and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed preparation method of a visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst, and application thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing CC@SnS2 composite material in a solvent by using SnCl4.5H2O and C2H5NS as raw materials and carbon fiber cloth as a supporting material; calcining said CC@SnS2 composite material to obtain the visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst. The present invention overcomes defects of the traditional methods of treating chromium-containing wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and electrolysis, and the photocatalytic technology can make full use of solar light source or artificial light source without adding adsorbent or reducing agent. In this case, the use of semiconductor photocatalyst to convert hexavalent chromium in chromium wastewater into less toxic and easily precipitated trivalent chromium greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method for synthesis of PtNi nanocages by synthesizing Pt1Ni6 nanoparticles and acid leaching to form PtNi nanocages. The acid leaching removes nickel selectively from the core of the nanoparticle.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a carbon support and a core-shell nanoparticle supported on the carbon support, wherein a core of the core-shell nanoparticle is cobalt metal not containing a heterogeneous element and the shell contains carbon. The catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction of the present disclosure is a catalyst in which the cobalt core-carbon shell nanoparticle is supported on the carbon support through ligand stabilization and heat treatment. The catalyst can be synthesized to have high dispersibility. In particular, it can be used as an electrode catalyst of a cathode to improve the oxygen reduction activity and durability of a fuel cell operating under an alkaline atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for use in the preparation of MOF-based non-PGM electrocatalysts including combining transition metal compounds with organic ligands and secondary building units to create a solid mixture, heating the solid mixture to form a MOF through a solid-state reaction, optionally heating the MOF to convert it to an electrocatalyst via pyrolysis, and optionally post-treating. The electrode catalysts may be used in various electrochemical systems, including a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode with improved mass transfer capability includes (a) mixing a metal-supported catalyst with an alkane compound having a thiol group and masking a surface of the metal-supported catalyst with the alkane compound having the thiol group by coating; (b) mixing the metal-supported catalyst masked with the alkane compound having the thiol group, with a polymer electrolyte and a solvent to produce a slurry and manufacturing the cathode using the slurry; and (c) producing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the cathode, an electrolyte membrane and an anode and applying a voltage to the membrane electrode assembly to remove the alkane compound having the thiol group.

Abstract: A process is described for directly converting a high fructose feedstock to a product mixture including one or more lower polyols in which 1,2-propanediol is produced in preference to any other lower polyols, wherein a high fructose feed and a source of hydrogen are supplied to a reaction vessel and reacted in the presence of a copper-containing, supported ruthenium catalyst to provide the product mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst. The preferred catalyst composition is a combination of manganese oxide and copper oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for producing bio-oil include hydrothermal liquefaction of a biomass (e.g., a lignocellulosic biomass) feedstock to provide a process stream comprising crude oil and an aqueous fraction. The process stream is catalytically upgraded by contact with a sulfided-ruthenium catalyst, in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature and pressure effective to reduce an oxygen content of the crude oil, reduce a nitrogen content of the crude oil, reduce a total acid number of the crude oil, increase a H:C mole ratio of the crude oil, reduce a density of the crude oil, reduce a moisture content of the crude oil, reduce viscosity of the crude oil, or any combination thereof, thereby producing an upgraded oil and an upgraded aqueous fraction, which are subsequently separated. The catalytic upgrading process may be a plug-flow process and/or may be performed at or near liquefaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fuel cell electrode which is configured to be able to deliver stable electricity generation performance even if the humidity condition of the external environment is changed. Disclosed is a method for producing a fuel cell electrode comprising a catalyst layer that contains a catalyst composite-carried carbon containing platinum, a titanium oxide and an electroconductive carbon, wherein the method comprises: a first step of decreasing an amount of acidic functional groups on a surface of the catalyst composite-carried carbon by firing the catalyst composite-carried carbon at 250° C. or more; a second step of producing a catalyst ink by mixing the catalyst composite-carried carbon obtained in the first step, an ionomer, and a solvent; and a third step of forming the catalyst layer using the catalyst ink obtained in the second step.

Abstract: The method of making palladium nanoparticles is a microwave thermolysis-based method of making palladium nanoparticles from a complex of palladium(II) acetate Pd(O2CCH3)2 (or Pd(OAc)2) and a ligand. The complex of palladium(II) acetate and the ligand is melted in oleic acid and dichloromethane to form a solution. The ligand is 1-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (C15H11N3O), which has the structure: The solution is stirred for two hours under an inert argon atmosphere, and then irradiated with microwave radiation to produce palladium nanoparticles.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: To provide electrode catalyst which has the catalyst activity and durability at a practically durable level and contributes to lowering of the cost in comparison with the conventional Pt/C catalyst. The electrode catalyst has a support and catalyst particles supported on the support. The catalyst particle has the core part, the first shell part formed on the core part, and the second shell part formed on the first shell part. The core part contains W compound including at least W carbide, the first shell part contains simple Pd, and the second shell part contains simple Pt.

Abstract: Described herein are processes for one-step delignification and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin fraction a biomass feedstock. The lignin feedstock is derived from by-products of paper production and biorefineries. Additionally described is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function. Finally, also described herein is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A biological sample analysis device includes a casing that encloses a biological sample delivery system hydraulically coupled to a sensor, wherein the sensor includes a plurality of Graphene transistors and each transistor covalently bonds with a biomarker causing the electrical properties of the transistor to measurably change when the biomarker is exposed to corresponding antibodies within an infected biological sample.

Abstract: A method for preparing dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD) is provided. The method includes hydrogenating dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) under a condition of a pressure of 20 to 30 kg/cm2 to continuously prepare the DMCD, and thereby increasing the selectivity of the DMCD. A method for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) is further provided.

Abstract: A composition comprising at least one graphene-supported metal oxide monolith, said monolith comprising a three-dimensional structure of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds, wherein the graphene sheets are coated by at least one metal oxide such as iron oxide or titanium oxide. Also provided is an electrode comprising the aforementioned graphene-supported metal oxide monolith, wherein the electrode can be substantially free of any carbon-black and substantially free of any binder.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of hydrogenating carbon dioxide in the presence of the catalyst in a fixed bed reactor are disclosed. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel supported on ash from combusting biomass.

Abstract: Embodiments of electrode assemblies and fuel cells having increased catalyst durability are provided. One embodiment of an electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprises a first catalyst layer adjacent an electrolyte membrane comprising first active catalyst particles supported on first support particles having a first support size and a second catalyst layer adjacent the first catalyst layer opposite the electrolyte membrane comprising second active catalyst particles supported on second support particles having a second support size. The first support particles are a non-carbon support.

Abstract: A method is described for the catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen to the corresponding amines in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising platinum. The method is characterized in that the catalyst comprising platinum has been modified with a tungsten compound and with a phosphorus compound in an oxidation state of <5. High yields and high selectivities are possible with the method.

Abstract: A platinum/carbon nanotube catalyst applicable to heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation, which is fabricated by supporting platinum on carbon nanotube carriers, and prepared by the steps of: heating purified carbon nanotubes in nitric acid, filtering and washing the same with water until pH value of the filtrate becomes neutral, drying the carbon nanotubes; immersing the carbon nanotube carriers obtained in an aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at room temperature; immersing the mixture of the carbon nanotubes and the aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution under stirring; drying the material by heating to 110° C. from room temperature and maintaining this temperature; grinding the product to fine powders, reducing the fine powders with an aqueous sodium formate solution under a heating condition, filtering and washing the product with deionized water, and drying the product.

Abstract: This invention provides a platinum/carbon nanotube catalyst applicable to heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation, which is fabricated by supporting platinum on carbon nanotube carriers. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of: heating purified carbon nanotubes in nitric acid, filtering and washing the same with water until pH value of the filtrate becomes neutral, drying the carbon nanotubes; immersing the carbon nanotube carriers obtained in an aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at room temperature; immersing the mixture of the carbon nanotubes and the aqueous chloroplatinic acid solution under stirring; drying the material by heating to 110° C. from room temperature and maintaining this temperature; grinding the product to fine powders, reducing the fine powders with an aqueous sodium formate solution under a heating condition, filtering and washing the product with deionized water, and drying the product.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorbent precipitated on a carrier and to a method for producing said adsorbent. The carrier comprises a polymer-based spherical activated charcoal. The adsorbent comprises an inorganic precipitate capable of adsorbing a metal cation or a mixture of metal cations from a liquid, preferably aqueous, medium. The adsorbent precipitated on a carrier is used to remove, for example, Cs+ from water containing Cs+, in particular from water contaminated with radiotoxic 137Cs+.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a cellulosic material to produce a liquefied product comprising contacting the cellulosic material with a hydrogenation catalyst a liquid medium; and a source of hydrogen. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises a hydrogenating metal or precursor thereof and a megaporous structure, wherein the megaporous structure comprises a porosity of at least 60% by volume and at least 30 volume % of the pore volume of the megaporous structure is present in megapores having a diameter of equal to or more than 1 micrometer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for preparing nanosized metal or alloy nanoparticles by depositing metal or alloy nanoparticles with superior size uniformity on the surface of a powder as a base material by vacuum deposition and then dissolving or melting the base material using a solvent or heat. The method solves the problems of the existing expensive multi-step synthesis method based on chemical reduction and allows effective synthesis of metal or alloy nanoparticles with very uniform size and metal or alloy catalyst nanoparticles supported on carbon at low cost.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support. The modified support may comprise cobalt tungstate.

Abstract: The present application relates to a spherical, porous structure which is formed using a mold taking the form of a spherical nanoparticle aggregate, and relates to a production method therefor. According to one aspect of the present application, the production method for the spherical, porous structure comprises: the use of a mold taking the form of a spherical nanoparticle-carbon precursor aggregate comprising a carbon precursor on the surfaces of a plurality of nanoparticles, formed by removing solvent from droplets comprising the carbon precursor and the plurality of nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for producing a nanostructured carbon material including the steps of providing a metal or metalloid carbide substrate and reacting the carbide substrate with a reactive gas to form the nanostructured carbon material, the reactive gas and the carbide substrate being added during the reacting step.

Abstract: A catalyst effective for the direct reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide includes particles of gold, palladium or, preferably, gold and palladium deposited upon an acid-washed support. High selectivity to and production of hydrogen peroxide is observed, with low hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The catalysts have extended lifespan.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a confined cell structure with the entires guarded by nano-scale metal nano-particles to help confine subnano-sized metal nano-particles inside the cell. Also the present invention provides a method of forming said confined cell structure on mesoporous carbon materials using a simple impregnation process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrodeposition primer compositions comprising catalytically active core/shell particles CS. The electrodeposition primer compositions can be used more particularly for cathodic dip coating for the coating of automobile bodies or parts thereof.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing platinum-nickel-alloy nanoparticles and supported catalysts comprising the nanoparticles are provided. The methods may comprise forming a reaction mixture in a reaction vessel; heating the reaction mixture sealed in the reaction vessel to a reaction temperature; maintaining the temperature of the reaction vessel for a period of time; cooling the reaction vessel; and removing platinum-alloy nanoparticles from the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture may comprise a platinum precursor, a nickel precursor, a formamide reducing solvent, and optionally a cobalt precursor. In some embodiments the reaction temperature is at or below the boiling point of the formamide reducing solvent, such as from about 120° C. to about 150° C., for example. The platinum-alloy nanoparticles provide favorable electrocatalytic activity when supported on a catalyst support material.

Abstract: A porous carbon and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, which can inhibit metal particles from being oxidized and can keep the effect obtained by adding the metal particles for a long period of time by allowing the metal particles to disperse sufficiently. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of: mixing a polyamic acid resin varnish 1 as a carbon precursor, magnesium oxide 2 as template particles, and chloroplatinic acid 6 as a metal salt; heat-treating the mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1000° C. for 1 hour to reduce the chloroplatinic acid into platinum and thermally decomposing the polyamic acid resin to prepare a carbon 3 containing the platinum particles 7; and washing the resulting carbon 3 with a sulfuric acid solution added at a concentration of 1 mol/L to completely dissolve MgO away.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of preparing a bimetallic alloy having enhanced electrocatalytic properties are provided. The composition comprises a PtNi substrate having a surface layer, a near-surface layer, and an inner layer, where the surface layer comprises a nickel-depleted composition, such that the surface layer comprises a platinum skin having at least one atomic layer of platinum.

Abstract: Methods of forming monodispersed core-shell nanoparticles are provided. A cobalt(II)-ligand component, a metal(II)-ligand component, an organic reducing agent, and a capping agent can be added to an organic solvent to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture is then heated to a dissolving temperature while under a gas (e.g., including methane) such that the reaction mixture becomes a reaction solution while stirring at the dissolving temperature. The reaction solution is then be heated to a reaction temperature (e.g., about 200° C. or more) while under the gas to form the core-shell nanoparticles, and the core-shell nanoparticles can be collected from the reaction solution.

Abstract: A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly includes two electrodes and a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the two electrodes. Each electrode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on inner wall of each of the plurality of tube carriers, and proton conductor filled in each of the plurality of tube carriers. The tube carriers jointly define a plurality of reaction gas passages for transferring reaction gas to surfaces of the plurality of catalyst particles. One end of each of the tube carriers is connected with the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst having high catalytic activity which uses a transition metal, e.g., titanium, which process comprises thermal treatment at relatively low temperature, i.e., not including thermal treatment at high temperature (calcining) step. The process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a step (1) of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a solvent to provide a catalyst precursor solution; a step (2) of removing the solvent from the catalyst precursor solution; and a step (3) of thermally treating a solid residue obtained in the step (2) at a temperature of 500 to 1100° C. to provide an electrode catalyst; wherein the transition metal-containing compound is partly or wholly a compound comprising at least one transition metal element (M1) selected from the group 4 and 5 elements of the periodic table as a transition metal element.

Abstract: A metal oxide-carbon composite includes a carbon aerogel with an oxide overcoat. The metal oxide-carbon composite is made by providing a carbon aerogel, immersing the carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum, raising the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to atmospheric pressure, curing the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol at room temperature, and drying the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to produce the metal oxide-carbon composite. The step of providing a carbon aerogel can provide an activated carbon aerogel or provide a carbon aerogel with carbon nanotubes that make the carbon aerogel mechanically robust.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst having high catalytic activity which uses a transition metal, e.g., titanium, which process comprises thermal treatment at relatively low temperature, i.e., not including thermal treatment at high temperature (calcining) step. The process for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a step (1) of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a solvent to provide a catalyst precursor solution; a step (2) of removing the solvent from the catalyst precursor solution; and a step (3) of thermally treating a solid residue obtained in the step (2) at a temperature of 500 to 1100° C. to provide an electrode catalyst; wherein the transition metal-containing compound is partly or wholly a compound comprising at least one transition metal element (M1) selected from the group 4 and 5 elements of the periodic table as a transition metal element.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon catalyst for hydrogen production having an excellent catalytic activity, a production method therefor, and a method of producing hydrogen using the catalyst. The carbon catalyst for hydrogen production is a carbon catalyst, which is obtained by carbonizing a raw material including an organic substance and a transition metal, the catalyst being used for hydrogen production by thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon compound and/or an oxygen-containing organic compound. Further, the carbon catalyst for hydrogen production may be obtained by loading an alkaline earth metal on a carbonized material produced by the carbonization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal catalyst particles for carbon nanotube synthesis, comprising carbon-containing regions on their surfaces.