Abstract: Disclosed are single atom dispersions and multi-atom dispersions, and systems and methods for synthesizing the atomic dispersions. An exemplary method of synthesizing atomic dispersions includes: positioning a loaded substrate which includes a substrate which is loaded with at least one of: a precursor of an element or a cluster of an element, applying one or more temperature pulses to the loaded substrate where a pulse of the temperature pulse(s) applies a target temperature for a duration, maintaining a cooling period after the pulse, and providing single atoms of the element dispersed on the substrate after the one or more temperature pulses. The target temperature applied by the pulse is between 500 K and 4000 K, inclusive, and the duration is between 1 millisecond and 1 minute, inclusive.

Abstract: A bundle of carbon nanotubes (CNT), comprising a plurality of CNT with lengths of at least about 7 microns, wherein the bundle has a diameter of less than about 12 nm.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes and dispersions containing carbon nanotubes are provided. Methods of processing carbon nanotubes and dispersions containing purified carbon nanotubes are provided.

Abstract: A composite comprises a carbonaceous and a metallic nanotube conjugated with a carbonaceous support. The composite may be used to remove contaminants from water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tube-shaped catalyst complex and a catalyst slurry including the same for a fuel cell. The catalyst complex for a fuel cell comprises a tubular inner layer including an ionomer and an outer layer provided on an outer surface of the inner layer and including a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes an improved process for the commercial scale production of high-quality catalyst materials. These improved processes allow for production of catalysts that have very consistent batch to batch property and performance variations. In addition these improved processes allow for minimal production losses (by dramatically reducing the production of fines or small materials as part of the production process). The improved process involves multiple steps and uses calcining ovens that allow for precisely control temperature increases where the catalyst is homogenously heated. The calcining gas is released into a separate heating chamber, which contains the recirculation fan and the heat source.

Abstract: Atomically dispersed platinum-group metal-free catalyst and method for synthesizing the same. According to one embodiment, the catalyst is made by a method in which, in a first step, a metal oxide/zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) composite is formed by combining (i) nanoparticles of an oxide of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and copper, (ii) a hydrated zinc salt, and (iii) an imidazole. Then, in a second step, the metal oxide/ZIF composite is thermally activated, i.e., carbonized, to form an M-N—C catalyst. Thereafter, the M-N—C catalyst may be mixed with a quantity of ammonium chloride, and then the M-N—C/NH4Cl mixture may be pyrolyzed. The foregoing NH4Cl treatment may improve the intrinsic activity of the catalyst. Then, a thin layer of nitrogen-doped carbon may be added to NH4Cl-treated M-N—C catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Such CVD treatment may improve the stability of the catalyst.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst comprising platinum-containing nanoparticles and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a melamine compound, a thiocyanuric acid compound, and a polymer containing the melamine compound or the thiocyanuric acid compound as a monomer is an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst having a high oxygen reduction activity (small overvoltage).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing a graphene dot-palladium hybrid having a nanosponge structure that includes reducing a palladium precursor in the presence of a carbon dot and sodium bromide, and a graphene dot-palladium hybrid catalyst prepared according to the method. The nanosponge structure of the graphene dot-palladium hybrid is encapsulated by a graphene dot. The carbon dot is doped with at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron.

Abstract: Described is a method of preparing transition metal nanoparticles on a graphene support, in which a tertiary graphite intercalation compound is provided with intercalated metal ions such that the tertiary graphite intercalation compound comprises a graphene sheet having a negative charge. The graphene sheet is contacted with a transition metal salt to cause reduction of the transition metal salt by the graphene sheet, and to form transition metal nanoparticles. Also described are products arising from the method, and uses of those products.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an intermetallic catalyst which includes applying ultrasonic wave to a precursor mixture solution including a noble metal precursor, a transition metal precursor, and a carbon support having an average pore size of about 6 nm to about 15 nm and a specific surface area of about 200 m2/g to about 2000 m2/g to form alloy particles in pores of the carbon support, and annealing the alloy particles in the pores of the carbon support to form intermetallic alloy particles.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an intermetallic catalyst. The method includes form core-shell particles including a transition metal oxide coating layer by irradiating ultrasonic waves to a precursor mixture solution including a noble metal precursor, a transition metal precursor, and a carrier to; forming intermetallic particles including a transition metal oxide coating layer by annealing the core-shell particles; and removing the transition metal oxide coating layer from the intermetallic particles.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

Abstract: Nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst sheets, methods for producing such carbon-based catalyst sheets, and their use as electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A carbon-based catalyst comprising: carbon-based sheets, wherein the carbon-based sheets comprise nitrogen and a transition metal, and wherein the carbon-based sheets further comprise a plurality of micropores, mesopores, macropores, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A fuel cell catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions including Pt—Ni—Cu nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (MPC) having enhanced activity and durability, and method of making said catalyst. The catalyst is synthesized by employing a solid state chemistry method, which involves thermally pretreating a N-doped MPC to remove moisture from the surface; impregnation of metal precursors on the N-doped MPC under vacuum condition; and reducing the metal precursors in a stream of CO and H2 gas mixture.

Abstract: A novel and environmentally preferable method is provided for preparing solid electrolyte particles capable of making dense, flexible, Li+ conducting electrolyte thin films. Methods are also provided for using the solid electrolyte particles and/or thin films in manufacturing safer and more efficient lithium-based batteries. In particular, the method uses inorganic precursors instead of using organic precursors in preparing an aerosol and then convert the aerosol to solid powders to provide the solid electrolyte particles. The solid electrolyte particles prepared have a cubic polymorph and have a desired particle size range, and are capable of making a solid electrolyte film with a thickness less than 50 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is a method for synthesizing cobalt-incorporated carbon nanotubes (Co/MWCNTs). The method includes a step of mixing cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, or cobalt sulfate with multi-wall carbon nanotubes in a solvent. A method for generating hydrogen by using the Co/MWCNTs as a catalyst component is also provided herein.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, a method of fabricating a metal-carbon fibrous structure is provided. The method comprises the steps of: (a) forming a fibrous support structure comprising composite nanocrystals and polymeric fibers, wherein each of the composite nanocrystals comprises metal ions connected by organic ligands; (b) growing the composite nanocrystals on the fibrous support structure; and (c) subjecting the fibrous support structure of step (b) to carbonization to form the metal-carbon fibrous structure, wherein the metal-carbon fibrous structure comprises metal nanoparticles derived from the composite nanocrystals. A metal-carbon fibrous structure comprising carbon based fibers arranged to form a porous network and the carbon based fibers are doped with metal nanoparticles, wherein the carbon based fibers have surfaces which comprise graphitic carbon, is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate; and a first catalytic region on the substrate; wherein the first catalytic region comprises a first platinum group metal (PGM) component, wherein the first PGM component comprises PGM nanoparticles, wherein the PGM nanoparticles have an average particle size of about 1 to about 20 nm with a standard deviation (SD) no more than 1 nm.

Abstract: A method of preparing a mesoporous carbon composite material having a mesoporous carbon phase and preformed metal nanoparticles located within the mesoporous carbon phase. The present invention also relates to a mesoporous carbon composite material and to a substrate having a film of such mesoporous carbon composite material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing an electrode, an electrode manufactured thereby, a membrane-electrode assembly including the electrode, and a fuel cell containing the membrane-electrode assembly. The method includes the steps of: preparing an electrode forming composition by mixing a catalyst with an ionomer; applying a low-frequency acoustic energy to the electrode forming composition to perform resonant vibratory mixing so as to coat the ionomer on the surface of the catalyst; and coating the electrode forming composition to manufacture an electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon-based noble metal-transition metal composite catalyst enabling high selective conversion of a carboxylic acid functional group into an alcohol functional group by pre-treating a carbon carrier including a predetermined ratio or more of mesopores, and a production method therefor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an unsaturated alcohol of the formula (I), wherein one of R1 and R2 is preferably C2-C10-alkyl or C2-C10-alkenyl containing one double bond and the other one is preferably hydrogen or methyl; R3 is preferably hydrogen; which comprises subjecting an educt composition including at least 75% by weight of an unsaturated aldehyde of the formula (II) wherein R1, R2 and R3 preferably have the above defined meanings, to a hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst and a tertiary amine; wherein the tertiary amine is used in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 0.7% by weight, based on the total amount of the liquid reaction mixture.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a co-current co-precipitation method of CoNiO2 thermistor powders. The method comprises the steps of mixing, stirring, precipitating, aging, suction filtration, washing and drying firstly using nickel nitrate and cobalt nitrate as raw materials to obtain cobalt hydroxide, and then calcining in a tubular furnace at an inert atmosphere to prepare CoNiO2 nano powders. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, short cycle, high yield and no environmental pollution, and further oxidization of the CoNiO2 nano material into NiCo2O4 thermistor powders can be effectively avoided through selection and adjustment of calcination process parameters and inert atmosphere. A high-precision, fast-response and small-volume temperature sensor material can be prepared from CoNiO2 thermistor powders obtained by the method of the disclosure.

Abstract: A carbon-coated transition metal nanocomposite material includes carbon-coated transition metal particles having a core-shell structure. The shell layer of the core-shell structure is a graphitized carbon layer doped with oxygen and/or nitrogen, and the core of the core-shell structure is a transition metal nanoparticle. The nanocomposite material has a structure rich in mesopores, is an adsorption/catalyst material with excellent performance, can be used for catalyzing various hydrogenation reduction reactions, or used as a catalytic-oxidation catalyst useful for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in industrial exhaust gases.

Abstract: The manufacturing method provided by the present invention provides a powder material substantially comprising Ag—Pd core-shell particles consisting of Ag core particles containing silver as a principal constituent element and a Pd shell containing palladium as a principal constituent element covering at least part of the surface of the Ag core particles, wherein hydroquinone and/or a quinone is attached to the surface of the Ag—Pd core-shell particles. Typically, when the powder material is in a dispersed state in a specific medium, a Z average particle diameter (DDLS) based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method is 0.1 ?m to 2 ?m, and the polydispersity index (PDI) based on the dynamic light scattering method is 0.4 or lower.

Abstract: Electrocatalysts of formula Al?x,BxO3??, wherein A=a metal with an acid-stable oxide and B=a platinum-group-metal (PGM), are provided, as are methods of making the electrocatalysts via rapid plasma oxidation, methods of using the electrocatalysts to catalyze e.g. oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), and devices comprising the electrocatalysts.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a nanoparticle and a method for preparing the nanoparticle, as well as a membrane that includes the nanoparticle and a fuel cell that includes the membrane. The method comprises a thermal treatment method that provides from a nanoparticle comprising a structurally disordered material the nanoparticle comprising: (1) a structurally ordered core comprising a first material; and (2) a shell surrounding and further structurally aligned with the structurally ordered core and comprising a second material different from the first material. Particularly desirable is a nanoparticle comprising a Pt3Co@Pt/C structurally ordered core-shell composition supported upon a carbon support.

Abstract: Disclosed is a visible light-activated photocatalytic coating composition comprising a visible light active photocatalytic material and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to methods for preparing catalysts and catalyst supports. In one embodiment, transition metal carbide materials, having a nanotube like morphology, are utilized as a support for a precious metal catalyst, such as platinum. Embodiments described herein also relate to proton exchange membrane fuel cells that incorporate the catalysts described herein.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed preparation method of a visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst, and application thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing CC@SnS2 composite material in a solvent by using SnCl4.5H2O and C2H5NS as raw materials and carbon fiber cloth as a supporting material; calcining said CC@SnS2 composite material to obtain the visible-light-driven CC@SnS2/SnO2 composite catalyst. The present invention overcomes defects of the traditional methods of treating chromium-containing wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and electrolysis, and the photocatalytic technology can make full use of solar light source or artificial light source without adding adsorbent or reducing agent. In this case, the use of semiconductor photocatalyst to convert hexavalent chromium in chromium wastewater into less toxic and easily precipitated trivalent chromium greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method for synthesis of PtNi nanocages by synthesizing Pt1Ni6 nanoparticles and acid leaching to form PtNi nanocages. The acid leaching removes nickel selectively from the core of the nanoparticle.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a carbon support and a core-shell nanoparticle supported on the carbon support, wherein a core of the core-shell nanoparticle is cobalt metal not containing a heterogeneous element and the shell contains carbon. The catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction of the present disclosure is a catalyst in which the cobalt core-carbon shell nanoparticle is supported on the carbon support through ligand stabilization and heat treatment. The catalyst can be synthesized to have high dispersibility. In particular, it can be used as an electrode catalyst of a cathode to improve the oxygen reduction activity and durability of a fuel cell operating under an alkaline atmosphere.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for use in the preparation of MOF-based non-PGM electrocatalysts including combining transition metal compounds with organic ligands and secondary building units to create a solid mixture, heating the solid mixture to form a MOF through a solid-state reaction, optionally heating the MOF to convert it to an electrocatalyst via pyrolysis, and optionally post-treating. The electrode catalysts may be used in various electrochemical systems, including a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode with improved mass transfer capability includes (a) mixing a metal-supported catalyst with an alkane compound having a thiol group and masking a surface of the metal-supported catalyst with the alkane compound having the thiol group by coating; (b) mixing the metal-supported catalyst masked with the alkane compound having the thiol group, with a polymer electrolyte and a solvent to produce a slurry and manufacturing the cathode using the slurry; and (c) producing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the cathode, an electrolyte membrane and an anode and applying a voltage to the membrane electrode assembly to remove the alkane compound having the thiol group.

Abstract: A process is described for directly converting a high fructose feedstock to a product mixture including one or more lower polyols in which 1,2-propanediol is produced in preference to any other lower polyols, wherein a high fructose feed and a source of hydrogen are supplied to a reaction vessel and reacted in the presence of a copper-containing, supported ruthenium catalyst to provide the product mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are base metal catalyst devices for removing ozone, volatile organic compounds, and other pollutants from an air flow stream. A catalyst device includes a housing, a solid substrate disposed within the housing, and a catalyst layer disposed on the substrate. The catalyst layer includes a first base metal catalyst at a first mass percent, a second base metal catalyst at a second mass percent, and a support material impregnated with at least one of the first base metal catalyst or the second base metal catalyst. The preferred catalyst composition is a combination of manganese oxide and copper oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of preparing metal particles on a support material, including platinum-containing nanoparticles on a carbon support. Such materials can be used as electrocatalysts, for example as improved electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs).

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for producing bio-oil include hydrothermal liquefaction of a biomass (e.g., a lignocellulosic biomass) feedstock to provide a process stream comprising crude oil and an aqueous fraction. The process stream is catalytically upgraded by contact with a sulfided-ruthenium catalyst, in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature and pressure effective to reduce an oxygen content of the crude oil, reduce a nitrogen content of the crude oil, reduce a total acid number of the crude oil, increase a H:C mole ratio of the crude oil, reduce a density of the crude oil, reduce a moisture content of the crude oil, reduce viscosity of the crude oil, or any combination thereof, thereby producing an upgraded oil and an upgraded aqueous fraction, which are subsequently separated. The catalytic upgrading process may be a plug-flow process and/or may be performed at or near liquefaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a fuel cell electrode which is configured to be able to deliver stable electricity generation performance even if the humidity condition of the external environment is changed. Disclosed is a method for producing a fuel cell electrode comprising a catalyst layer that contains a catalyst composite-carried carbon containing platinum, a titanium oxide and an electroconductive carbon, wherein the method comprises: a first step of decreasing an amount of acidic functional groups on a surface of the catalyst composite-carried carbon by firing the catalyst composite-carried carbon at 250° C. or more; a second step of producing a catalyst ink by mixing the catalyst composite-carried carbon obtained in the first step, an ionomer, and a solvent; and a third step of forming the catalyst layer using the catalyst ink obtained in the second step.

Abstract: The method of making palladium nanoparticles is a microwave thermolysis-based method of making palladium nanoparticles from a complex of palladium(II) acetate Pd(O2CCH3)2 (or Pd(OAc)2) and a ligand. The complex of palladium(II) acetate and the ligand is melted in oleic acid and dichloromethane to form a solution. The ligand is 1-(pyridin-2-yldiazenyl)naphthalen-2-ol (C15H11N3O), which has the structure: The solution is stirred for two hours under an inert argon atmosphere, and then irradiated with microwave radiation to produce palladium nanoparticles.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: To provide electrode catalyst which has the catalyst activity and durability at a practically durable level and contributes to lowering of the cost in comparison with the conventional Pt/C catalyst. The electrode catalyst has a support and catalyst particles supported on the support. The catalyst particle has the core part, the first shell part formed on the core part, and the second shell part formed on the first shell part. The core part contains W compound including at least W carbide, the first shell part contains simple Pd, and the second shell part contains simple Pt.

Abstract: Described herein are processes for one-step delignification and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin fraction a biomass feedstock. The lignin feedstock is derived from by-products of paper production and biorefineries. Additionally described is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function. Finally, also described herein is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function.

Abstract: Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A biological sample analysis device includes a casing that encloses a biological sample delivery system hydraulically coupled to a sensor, wherein the sensor includes a plurality of Graphene transistors and each transistor covalently bonds with a biomarker causing the electrical properties of the transistor to measurably change when the biomarker is exposed to corresponding antibodies within an infected biological sample.