Abstract: The present invention provides a composite solid acid catalyst consisting of from 50%-80% by weight of a porous inorganic support, from 15% to 48% by weight of a heteropoly compound loaded thereon, and from 2% to 6% by weight of an inorganic acid. The present invention further provides a process for preparing said composite solid acid catalyst and a process for conducting an alkylation reaction by using such catalyst. The composite solid acid catalyst of the present invention has the acid sites type of Brönsted acid and has an acid sites density of not less than 1.4×10?3 mol H+/g. Moreover, said composite solid acid catalyst has the homogeneous acid strength distribution, and is a solid acid catalyst having excellent performances.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A photocatalytic coating composition comprising photocatalytic titanium oxide, silver, copper and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. The photocatalytic coating composition may include a photocatalytic titanium oxide sol dispersed in a binder. Furthermore, a photocatalytic member includes a substrate having a surface coated with the photocatalytic coating composition. The photocatalyst coating composition can contain highly antibacterial silver by skillfully utilizing copper and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and accordingly can show an antibacterial effect not only in a dark place simply due to silver, but also a higher antibacterial effect in a conventional application of employing ultraviolet sterilization by concomitantly using the photocatalyst titanium oxide sol according to the present invention and an ultraviolet sterilizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of metal complex compounds having hydrazide ligands as oxidation catalysts. Further aspects of the invention are formulations comprising such metal complex compounds, novel metal complex compounds and novel ligands. The metal complex compounds are used especially for enhancing the action of peroxides, for example in the treatment of textile material, without at the same time causing any appreciable damage to fibers and dyeings. There is also no appreciable damage to fibers and dyeings if these metal complexes are used in combination with an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bleach activator which is at least one macrocyclic manganese complex selected from the group consisting of [MnIII(rac-14-decane)X2]Y, [MnIII(mes-14-decane)X2]Y.H2O and [MnIII(mes-14-decane)X2]Y represented by Formulas 1-3, as well as a preparation method thereof. Also, the invention provides a bleaching composition and bleaching detergent composition comprising the bleach activator. The bleach activator comprising the manganese complex is used in a granulated form. wherein X is at least one selected from chlorine (—Cl) and acetate (—OOCCH3), and Y is an anion selected from Cl?, Br?, F?, NO3?, ClO4?, OH?, NCS?, N3?, and PF6?.

Abstract: Catalysts for the polymerization of olefins are provided. The catalysts comprise: (a) a first active polymerization catalyst which is a Fe or Co complex of a ligand of the formula: wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, or an inert functional group; R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, an inert functional group or substituted hydrocarbyl; and R6 and R7 are aryl or substituted aryl; and (b) a second active polymerization catalyst which contains one or more transition metals; and (c) a catalyst support.

Abstract: A quaternary oxide includes a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal may be 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5. Quaternary oxides may be used in catalytic compositions, in coatings for disinfecting surfaces and in coatings for self-cleaning surfaces. A method of making a quaternary oxide includes combining ingredients including a titanium source, a dopant nonmetal source, a dopant metal salt, and a polar organic solvent to form a reaction mixture; and heating the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Nanostructured catalysts and related methods are described. The nanostructured catalysts have a hierarchical structure that facilitates modification of the catalysts for use in particular reactions. Methods for generating hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing molecular species using a nanostructured catalyst are described. The hydrogen gas may be collected and stored, or the hydrogen gas may be collected and consumed for the generation of energy. Thus, the methods may be used as part of the operation of an energy-consuming device or system, e.g., an engine or a fuel cell. Methods for storing hydrogen by using a nanostructured catalyst to react a dehydrogenated molecular species with hydrogen gas to form a hydrogen-containing molecular species are also described.

Abstract: A process for production of a supported catalyst that, when used for production of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids from oxygen and lower olefins, improves yields of the lower aliphatic carboxylic acids and minimizes production of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) by-product compared to the prior art. A compound comprising at least one element selected from elements of Groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table, at least one chloride of an element selected from copper, silver and zinc, and a chloroauric acid salt, are loaded on a carrier, after which there are further loaded a compound comprising at least one element selected from gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium, and a heteropoly acid.

Abstract: A surface of a substrate comprising microcavities leading out of the substrate is placed in contact with an aqueous solution comprising a plurality of suspended particles and a fabric. Perpendicular pressure is applied the expanse of the substrate between the fabric and the surface of the substrate, and relative movement of the fabric and the surface is applied to the expanse of the substrate. At least one particle is thus fed into each microcavity, therein forming a porous material that is a catalyst material for nanothread or nanotube growth.

Abstract: A method includes a providing a molten glass fiber core and disposing a plurality of nanoparticles that include a transition metal oxide on the molten glass fiber core at or above the softening temperature of the glass fiber core, thereby forming a nanoparticle-laden glass fiber. The plurality of nanoparticles are embedded at the surface of said glass fiber core. A method includes providing a mixture of molten glass and a plurality of nanoparticles. The plurality of nanoparticles include a transition metal. The method further includes forming nanoparticle-laden glass fibers, in which the plurality of nanoparticles are embedded throughout the glass fibers.

Abstract: A visible light activatable mesoporous titanium dioxide photocatalyst having a surface area of from 100 m2/g to 400 m2/g. The photocatalyst may have a rate of decomposition greater than 0.005 min?1. The photocatalyst may have a band gap width less than 2.95 eV. The photocatalyst may comprise undoped titanium dioxide or doped titanium dioxide. A hydrothermal process for synthesising a photocatalyst is also described.

Abstract: Provided is a metal catalyst complex for preparing a cyclic olefin-based polymer by addition polymerization of a cyclic olefin-based monomer, which is represented by Formula 1 below: [M(L1)x(L?2)y(L3)z]a[Ani]b??<Formula 1> wherein M is a Group X metal; [M(L1)x(L?2)y(L3)z] is a cationic precatalyst; L1 is an anionic hydrocarbyl-containing ligand; L?2 is a neutral ligand; L3 is an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand; [Ani] is an anion capable of weakly coordinating with the metal M; x is 1 or 2; y is 0 to 4; z is 1 or 2; 2?x+y+z?6; a and b are each 1 to 10. The metal catalyst complex has an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, and thus, is excellent in thermal stability and reactivity.

Abstract: In the manufacturing method of hexafluorophosphate (MPF6: M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, and Ag) of the present invention, at least a HxPOyFz aqueous solution, a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and MF.r (HF) are used as raw materials (wherein, r?0, 0?x?3, 0?y?4, and 0?z?6). According to the above description, a manufacturing method of hexafluorophosphate can be provided which is capable of manufacturing hexafluorophosphate (GPF6: G=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH4, and Ag) at a low cost in which the raw materials can be easily obtained, the control of the reaction is possible, and the workability is excellent.

Abstract: The present invention includes Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, reactions using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, methods of making Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, processes of hydrogenating carbon monoxide, and fuels made using these processes. The invention provides the ability to hydrogenate carbon monoxide with low contact times, good conversion rates and low methane selectivities. In a preferred method, the catalyst is made using a metal foam support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming metal-silicide catalyst nanoparticles with controllable diameter. The method according to embodiments of the invention leads to the formation of ‘active’ metal-suicide catalyst nanoparticles, with which is meant that they are suitable to be used as a catalyst in carbon nanotube growth. The nano-particles are formed on the surface of a substrate or in case the substrate is a porous substrate within the surface of the inner pores of a substrate. The metal-silicide nanoparticles can be Co-silicide, Ni-silicide or Fe-silicide particles. The present invention relates also to a method to form carbon nanotubes (CNT) on metal-silicide nanoparticles, the metal-silicide containing particles hereby acting as catalyst during the growth process, e.g. during the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. Starting from very defined metal-containing nanoparticles as catalysts, the diameter of grown CNT can be well controlled and a homogeneous set of CNT will be obtained.

Abstract: A process for continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a reactor which is manufactured from a steel with specific elemental composition on its side in contact with the reaction gas, and also partial oxidations of the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon and the reactor itself.

Abstract: Catalytic system for partial oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons characterized in that it contains: one or more metals belonging to the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd transition series; one or more elements of group IIIA, IVA or VA, wherein at least one of said metals or said elements is in the form of a nitride.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst of the present invention is characterized by sequentially performing the steps of: (i) dipping an end face portion of a carrier structure having a catalytic component carried thereon in an aqueous metal salt solution at a concentration of 2.7 to 3.88 mol/L in terms of mole of the metal; (ii) drying the dipped end face portion; (iii) dipping the dried end face portion again in an aqueous metal salt solution whose metal species is the same as that in the aqueous metal salt solution at a concentration of 2.7 to 3.88 mol/L in terms of mole of the metal; and (iv) performing a calcination treatment to harden the catalytic end face.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an esterification catalyst composition that includes a zirconium compound and a method for producing an ester compound, which includes the steps of esterifying alcohol and carboxylic acid compounds by using the same, and it may be applied to a mass synthesis process.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the efficiency of a rhenium-promoted epoxidation catalyst is provided. Advantageously, the method may be carried out in situ, i.e., within the epoxidation process, and in fact, may be carried out during production of the desired epoxide. As such, a method for the epoxidation of alkylenes incorporating the efficiency-enhancing method is also provided, as is a method for using the alkylene oxides so produced for the production of 1,2-diols, 1,2-carbonates, 1,2-diol ethers, or alkanolamines.

Abstract: The invention is amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate anion wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms, and a cationic counter ion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing DMC catalysts by reacting cyanometalate compounds, preferably cyanometalate salts, in particular alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, with metal salts, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a Brönsted acid.

Abstract: A problem of the present invention is to provide a curable composition which gives good curability, adhesiveness and storage stability by use of a catalyst other than organic tin catalysts. The above problem is solved by a curable composition, comprising: (A) one or more organic polymers having a reactive-silicon-containing group, and (B) a silanol condensation catalyst consisting of one or more compound(s) selected from organic tin compounds, carboxylic acids, and amine compounds, wherein at least one part of the reactive-silicon-containing group(s) of the organic polymer(s) (A) is represented by the following general formula (1): —(CR22)2—(SiR12-aXaO)m—SiX3 (1), and the silanol condensation catalyst (B) consists of amine compound(s) (B1) or consists of amine compound(s) (B1) and a carboxylic acid (B2), and when the mol number of the amine compound(s) is regarded as 1, the ratio by mol of the total amount of the carboxylic acid(s) to the amount of the amine compound(s) is 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A photocatalyst dispersion element includes: a photocatalytic material; a solvent; and an ion additive. The ion additive generates a cation having a smaller ion radius than a tetramethylammonium ion in the solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a complex hydride and a borohydride catalyst wherein the borohydride catalyst comprises a BH4 group, and a group IV metal, a group V metal, or a combination of a group IV and a group V metal. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the composition.

Abstract: A method of producing composite particles of titanium dioxide and a compound inactive as a photocatalyst, comprising the steps of preparing a water based slurry of pH 3 to 5 comprising titanium dioxide, preparing a water based solution comprising a compound inactive as a photocatalyst, and reacting the slurry and the water based solution together at a pH within a range from 4 to 10 is provided, together with highly active photocatalyst particles produced using such a method, and potential uses of such photocatalyst particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of cyanopyridines from methylpyridines by their conversion with ammonia and oxygen and catalysts suitable therefor which contain further transition metals in addition to vanadium and phosphorus.

Abstract: Hopcalite-type catalysts for oxidation of CO are formed by preparing a mixed-metal oxide precursor by firstly preparing a solution of a mixture of metal precursor compounds in a solvent, followed by contacting the solution with a supercritical antisolvent to precipitate the mixed-metal oxide precursor. A mixed-metal oxide may then be prepared from the precursor by oxidation, for example by calcination. The mixed-metal oxide is then collected and optionally activated for use as a catalyst. The activated or calcined catalyst contains a nano-structured mixed-phase composition comprising phase-separated intimately mixed nanoparticles of copper and manganese oxide.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst body which includes: combining one or more inorganic components with an inorganic binder, and optionally with an organic binder, to form a mixture, the one or more inorganic components comprising a primary phase material being zeolite, or CeO2—ZrO2, or a combination; forming the mixture into a shaped body; firing the shaped body to allow the inorganic binder to bind the one or more inorganic components; impregnating the shaped body with a source of a reducing or oxidizing element; and heating the impregnated shaped body to form a redox oxide from the source, the redox oxide being supported by the shaped body.

Abstract: Nitrogen-doped titania nanotubes exhibiting catalytic activity on exposure to any one or more of ultraviolet, visible, and/or infrared radiation, or combinations thereof are disclosed. The nanotube arrays may be co-doped with one or more nonmetals and may further include co-catalyst nanoparticles. Also, methods are disclosed for use of nitrogen-doped titania nanotubes in catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide alone or in admixture with hydrogen-containing gases such as water vapor and/or other reactants as may be present or desirable into products such as hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-containing products, hydrogen and hydrogen-containing products, carbon monoxide and other carbon-containing products, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A non-noble metal based catalyst includes a compound represented by Formula 1: ZraMbOxNy??[Formula 1] where M is at least one element selected from Group 4 elements through Group 12 elements, a is a number in the range of about 1 to about 8, b is a number in the range of 1 to 8, x is a number in the range of about 0.2 to about 32, and y is a number in the range of about 0.2 to about 16. A fuel cell electrode and fuel cell may be formed using the non-noble metal based catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a composite catalyst in which metal particles having catalytic activity are supported at a high density on a surface of an inorganic oxide, and the supported metal particles are strongly fixed to the surface of the inorganic oxide to improve the durability of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst includes the inorganic oxide and the metal particles. A compound having a functional group including an amino group or a thiol group is bonded to a surface of the inorganic oxide. The metal particles are bonded to the functional group.

Abstract: The invention provides a nanoporous non-oxide material which comprises a modified derivative of silicon nitride and comprises a plurality of nanoscale pores. The nanoporous non-oxide material is preferably prepared by means of a sol-gel procedure and preferably comprises a metal-containing derivative of silicon nitride [SiN4], silicon oxynitride [Si2N2O] or silicon imidonitride [Si3N4?2x(NH)3x] which contains a Group III metal or a transition metal. The nanoporous non-oxide material also additionally comprises surface modifications. The invention also provides for the use of the nanoporous non-oxide material in the manufacture of selective gas filters for solid state gas sensors and catalysts for chemical reactions.

Abstract: A method of purifying water comprises contacting the water with a quaternary oxide while exposing the quaternary oxide to visible light, the quaternary oxide containing a dopant metal, a dopant nonmetal, titanium, and oxygen. The atomic ratio of titanium, oxygen and dopant nonmetal is 1:0.5-1.99:0.01-1.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving heavy crude oil, and extra through a scheme considering the use of ionic liquids catalysts based on Mo and Fe catalyst is highly miscible with crude oil and are in the homogeneous phase crude oil. Furthermore, this invention relates to improving heavy crude in two stages, the first ionic liquid catalyst, and the second supported catalyst. The API gravity crude is increased from 12.5 to 19 points in the first stage and viscosities up to 5600-1600 decreased from 60-40 cSt certain to 37.8 ° C. While in the second stage, you get an upgraded crude oil with 32.9 ° API, viscosity of 4.0 cSt, reduction in total sulphur content of 0.85 wt % nitrogen and 0295 ppm by weight, respectively. As a considerable reduction of asphaltenes from 28.65 to 3.7% weight.

Abstract: A sorbent system includes a porous polymer support and a sorbent within the porous polymer support. For example, the sorbent includes a tertiary amine, such as triethanolamine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel transesterification catalyst having the general formula: Zn3M2(CN)n(ROH).xZnCl2.yH2O wherein R is tertiary-butyl and M is a transition metal ion selected from Fe, Co and Cr, x varies from 0 to 0.5, y varies from 3-5 and n is 10 or 12. The above said catalyst is useful for an efficient transesterification of glycerides, fatty acid esters and cyclic carbonates on reactions with alcohols.

Abstract: A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Xu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; X is at least at least a metal compound selected from a non-noble Group VIII metal, a Group VIIIB metal, a Group VIB metal, a Group IVB metal, and a Group IIB metal (“Promoter Metal”); t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b).

Abstract: Method for producing a hydrogen storage material that includes a metal hydride and a non-hydrogenated material and that is doped with a metal as a catalyst, includes; mixing a catalyst precursor, which includes the metal, with the non-hydrogenated material so as to provide a first mixture; agitating the first mixture; thermally treating the first mixture so as to form a composite of the non-hydrogenated material and the metal; mixing the composite with the metal hydride so as to provide a second mixture; and grinding the second mixture so as to provide the hydrogen storage material.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a coating composition. The coating composition comprises photocatalytic particles and an alkali metal silicate binder comprising a boric acid, borate, or combination thereof. In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a coated article. The coated article has a photocatalytic coating with improved durability on its external surface that is formed from the aforesaid coating composition.

Abstract: Ce-N-O system derived from doping of cerium oxide with nitrogen with general formula CeO2-x-yNx, with the same structure as undoped CeO2, and which can have 5 similar uses of great technological and strategic relevance, namely as a solid electrolyte and as a catalyser. The presence of cerium 3+ means that luminescent properties may also be present. This compound is prepared by means of a solid-gas reaction using cerium dioxide and ammonia as starting products. The cerium dioxide is placed in a tubular furnace and heated to temperatures over 10 400° C. and ammonium atmosphere.

Abstract: An ionic liquid catalyst is provided comprising an ammonium chloroaluminate salt, and having a molar ratio of Al to N greater than 2.0 when held at a temperature at or below 25° C. for at least two hours. There is also provided an ionic liquid catalyst comprising an alkyl-pyridinium haloaluminate and an impurity, wherein the ionic liquid catalyst has a molar ratio of Al to N greater than 2.0 when held at a temperature at or below 25° C. for at least two hours. In a third embodiment, there is provided an ionic liquid system for isoparaffin/olefin alkylation, comprising a quaternary ammonium chloroaluminate, a conjunct polymer, and a hydrogen chloride. The ionic liquid system has a molar ratio of Al to N from 2.1 to 8.0. Less than 0.1 wt % AlCl3 precipitates from the ionic liquid system when it is held for three hours or longer at or below 25° C.

Abstract: A process for producing geometric shaped catalyst bodies K whose active material is a multielement oxide which comprises the element Mo, the elements Bi and/or V and one or more of the elements Co, Ni, Fe, Cu and alkali metals, in which sources of the different elements are used to obtain a finely divided mixture which is coarsened to a powder by press agglomeration, the coarsened powder is used to form, by press agglomeration, shaped bodies V which are separated into undamaged shaped bodies V+ and into damaged shaped bodies V?, the undamaged shaped bodies V+ are converted by thermal treatment to the shaped catalyst bodies K, and the damaged shaped bodies V? are comminuted and recycled into the obtaining of the finely divided mixture.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for use in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene is presented. The catalyst comprises a layered structure, wherein the catalyst has an inner core and an outer layer of active material. The catalyst further includes a metal deposited on the outer layer, and the catalyst is formed such that the catalyst has an accessibility index between 3 and 500.

Abstract: The invention is a system for initiating free radical polymerization comprising: a) in one part, one or more amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom containing functional moieties, and one or more cationic counter ions and b) in a second part, a liberating compound which reacts with the nitrogen atom(s) bound to the boron atom(s) upon contact with the amido-borate to form an organoborane radical.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Xu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; X is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale). In one embodiment, the at least one diffraction peak is greater than 2 degrees wide at ½ height.

Abstract: Shaped bodies with good strength properties are prepared from pyrogenic metal oxide(s) by suspending the metal oxide(s) in a liquid, milling to activate the metal oxide particles, forming an activated homogenous suspension, coagulating the suspension, and forming shaped bodies therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyst composition, comprising: (1) a catalyst precursor having the general structure MSXn wherein M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iridium, molybdenum, and tungsten; S is a coordinating ligand; X is a counterion; and n is an integer from 0 to 5; and (2) a phosphoramidite ligand having the structure wherein O—Cn—O is an aliphatic or aromatic diolate and wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic groups, and combinations thereof, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2, R3, or R4 must be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl group. The present invention is also directed to activated catalysts made from the above catalyst composition, as well as methods of allylic amination and etherification using the above catalysts.