Abstract: The invention is directed to methods of transfering catalyst particles into and within reaction systems. The reaction systems are those that use catalysts that comprise molecular sieves, particularly metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, especially metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves which are susceptible to loss of catalytic activity due to contact with water molecules. The transfer methods provide appropriate mechanisms for transporting catalyst into and within a reactor to protect against loss of catalytic activity that can occur due to contact with water molecules.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a polymerization catalyst are provided that include contacting a support comprising alumina with a sulfating agent and with chromium. In an embodiment in which the chromium is provided from a chromium compound such as chromium oxide, the support may be calcined after loading the sulfating agent and the chromium on the support. Alternatively, the sulfating agent can be loaded on the support while calcining it. In another embodiment in which the chromium is provided from an organochromium compound, the support may be calcined after contacting it with the sulfating agent and before contacting it with the organochromium compound. Catalysts compositions formed by the foregoing method are provided. In an embodiment, catalyst compositions comprise chromium and a sulfate treated alumina support. The catalyst compositions have an activity for ethylene polymerization that is at least about 25% greater than an activity of the same catalyst without sulfate.

Abstract: A copolymer of ethylene and a higher alpha olefin, preferably 1-hexene, can be produced using an activated chromium containing catalyst system and a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of trialkylboron, trialkylsiloxyalutninum, and a combination of trialkylboron and thalkylaluminum compounds. The polymerization process must be carefully controlled to produce a copolymer resin having an exceptionally broad molecular weight distribution, extremely high PENT ESCR values, and a natural branch profile that impacts branching preferably into the high molecular weight portion of the polymer. The resulting copolymer resin is especially useful in high stiffness pipe applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a catalytic system comprising a metal of group VIII, a metal of group VI, a metal oxide as carrier and suitable quantities of a component selected from a zeolite of the FER type, phosphorous, and a mixture thereof, in upgrading of hydrocarbons boiling in the naphtha range containing sulfur impurities, namely in hydrodesulfurization with contemporaneous skeleton isomerization of olefins contained in said hydrocarbons and/or with reduction of olefins hydrogenation, carried out in a single step.

Abstract: Provided is a novel heteropolyacid catalyst useful for partial oxidation of methacrolein (MACR) to methacrylic acid (MAA), as represented by the following formula 1: PMoaAbBcCdDeEfOg??(1) wherein A, B, C, D, E, a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are as defined in the specification. Provided is also a method for producing the heteropolyacid catalyst. The heteropolyacid catalyst produced by the method exhibits excellent catalyst activity in terms of conversion rate, selectivity, and yield.

Abstract: A process of contacting at least one isoparaffin and at least one C5 olefin in the presence of a catalyst composition under conversion conditions to provide for converting the at least one isoparaffin and the at least one C5 olefin is provided. The catalyst composition contains a heteropoly acid, zinc, and a support component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably with an oxygen or sulfur containing alkylating agent, in the presence of a multi-component molecular sieve catalyst composition that includes a molecular sieve and an active metal oxide. The invention is also directed to methods of making and formulating the multi-component molecular sieve catalyst composition useful in producing alkylated aromatics.

Abstract: A gel composition substantially contained within the pores of a solid material is disclosed for use as a catalyst or as a catalyst support in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: Hydrothermally synthesized catalysts comprising a mixed metal oxide are utilized to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, in the presence thereof; or to produce unsaturated nitriles by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, and ammonia in the presence thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a heteropolyacid catalyst and method for preparing methacrylic acid using thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing heteropolyacid catalyst, which is produced by the recrystallization of a heteropolyacid and/or its salt dissolved in a basic organic solvent and heat-treatment, and further to a method for preparing metachrylic acid using thereof, wherein the use of the heteropolyacid catalyst increases the activity of oxidation reaction induced by the modified electronic properties of heteropolyanions and provides high efficiency production of methacrylic acid from methacrolein, since the basic property of solvent inhibits peculiar acidic property of heteropolyacid.

Abstract: A photo-catalyst comprising a compound having structure composing a network formed by mutual connection of an unit constructing oxygen octahedra or tetrahedra containing a transition metal ion or a typical metallic ion in d10 or d0 configuration and an unit constructing PO4 tetrahedron connected to said oxygen octahedra or tetrahedra, further containing an alkali metal besides said metallic ion as a consituent element, for example, AXNb2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) AXTa2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) AXIn2mP4O6m+8 (wherein A is Na, K or Li, X is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 3, 3.5 or 4) and RuO2 is loaded on the compound. The photo-catalyst can be used for the complete decomposition of water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) and/or aluminophosphate (ALPO) molecular sieves. The method includes maintaining the slurry of the as crystallized molecular sieve under substantially static conditions when stored after substantially complete crystallization and prior to recovery of the product.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel bridged biphosphole ligands according to the general formula: where R2, R3, R4 are chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or silyl, R1 is chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or halogen, R1 possibly being replaced with a direct bond between the two phosphorus atoms and T is a divalent group. The invention also relates to metallocenes obtained from these ligands. These metallocenes are useful as catalytic components for the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for enhancing the activity of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts. Promoter reagents are grafted onto or reacted with the catalyst surface. An optional calcination and activation heating cycle transforms the catalyst precursor into a final active phase. A preferred VPO catalyst produced has a ratio of molybdenum to vanadium on the surface of the catalyst to molybdenum to vanadium in the overall bulk of the catalyst represented by the equation (Mo/V) Surface?1.10 (Mo/V) overall bulk.

Abstract: A silicon-containing alumina support, a process for preparing the support, and a catalyst containing the support are provided. The alumina support includes an additive silicon enriched on its surface, with the difference between the atomic ratio of silicon to aluminum on the surface of alumina support and that of the alumina support is at least 0.10. The process for preparing the silicon-containing alumina support comprises adding a nanometer silicon compound. The inventive alumina support can be used in manufacturing a catalyst for hydrotreating hydrocarbons with good physico-chemical properties and performance.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst for maleic anhydride production wherein a +5 vanadium compound such as V2O5, an anhydrous phosphoric acid, and optionally promoters are admixed in an organic alcohol solvent, the admixture is rapidly brought to reflux and thereafter refluxed to reduced the vanadium compound to the desired degree, the reflux mixture is cooled, precursor crystals are separated by filtration and then dried and calcined.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst having (a) a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores; (b) a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent on the non-metallic support; wherein at least a portion of the metal heteropoly acid salt is dispersed within said plurality of pores. The present invention also includes a method of depositing a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent onto a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein, comprising Mo, V, P and Cu as the indispensable active components, wherein copper acetate is used for all or a part of the necessary amount of a material for said Cu, a coated catalyst and a method for manufacturing the coated catalyst, and methacrolein is reacted in a high conversion and methacrylic acid is produced in a high selectivity by use of the catalyst of the present invention, and the catalyst can be used for reaction under high loading condition.

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrorefining catalyst has the steps of preparing an impregnation solution containing molybdenum, phosphorus, cobalt and/or nickel, and citric acid, bringing a carrier into contact with the impregnation solution, and then calcinating the carrier in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature at which citric acid is removed. In the impregnation solution, a molar ratio of molybdenum/phosphorus is 6 to 13, a molar ratio of (cobalt and nickel)/phosphorus is 0.5 to 7, and a molar ratio of (cobalt and nickel)/citric acid is 0.5 to 2. As for the hydrorefining catalyst obtained by this method, the activity of the catalyst is high, and the catalyst life is long.

Abstract: A process for producing a catalyst for use in producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester. The catalyst is used in reacting a lower olefin with a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid in a gas phase to produce a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester. The process comprises the following first and second steps. The first step is a step of loading one or more heteropolyacid on a support to obtain a heteropolyacid supported catalyst. The second step is a step of contacting the heteropolyacid supported catalyst obtained in the first step with a gas containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of water, a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and a lower aliphatic alcohol to obtain a catalyst for use in producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester.

Abstract: An orthorhombic phase mixed metal oxide is produced selectively in quantitative yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the effective utilization of a used catalyst containing at least molybdenum, an A element (at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus and arsenic) and an X element (at least one element selected from the group consisting of potassium, rubidium and cesium), and provides a process for producing a catalyst, which comprises dispersing said used catalyst in water, adding thereto an alkali metal compound and/or ammonia solution, adjusting the resulting mixture to pH 6.5 or less to generate a precipitate containing at least molybdenum and the A element, and using the precipitate as a material for catalyst-constituting elements.

Abstract: A process of contacting at least one isoparaffin and at least one C5 olefin in the presence of a catalyst composition under conversion conditions to provide for converting the at least one isoparaffin and the at least one C5 olefin is provided. The catalyst composition contains a heteropoly acid, zinc, and a support component.

Abstract: A method for preparing methacrylic acid at high selectivities and high yields by catalytically vapor phase oxidizing isobutane is provided. In the method, a catalyst comprising (i) a sparingly water-soluble salt of a hetero poly acid and (ii) a composite oxide containing phosphorus, molybdenum and vanadium is used. Component (i) preferably has the element composition (but excluding oxygen) represented by the general formula AaBbMocWdVe (wherein A is a counter cation, for example cesium, B is the hetero atom of the hetero poly acid, for example silicon, and a, b, c, d and e represent an atomic ratio of the respective elements.), and component (ii) preferably has the element composition represented by the general formula PpMoqVrXsOt (wherein X is for example cesium, and p, q, r, s and t represent an atomic ratio of the respective elements.).

Abstract: A process for preparing an antimonate-based mixed metal oxide catalyst in a catalytically active oxidized state, wherein the catalyst is represented by the empirical formula MeaSbbXcQdReOf, wherein Me, X, Q, R, a, b, c, d, e, and f are as defined herein, comprising (a) contacting an aqueous Sb2O3 slurry with HNO3 and one or more Me compounds, and, optionally, one or more compounds selected from X, Q, or R compounds to form a first mixture; (b) heating and drying the first mixture to form a solid product; and (c) calcining the solid product to form the catalyst, the catalysts prepared by the process, and the use of the catalysts in ammoxidation and oxidation processes. The catalysts of the invention are particularly useful for the production of acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia, and an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A catalyst support consisting mainly of synthetic silica, with 0.5-10 parts by weight of one or more oxides or phosphates of the elements of group IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and the lanthanides characterised in that the support preparation method comprises mixing particulate synthetic silica with particulate oxides or phospates of the elements of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, IIB, IIIA, IVA and the lanthanides, or with precursors thereof, a forming step and calcination.

Abstract: Hydrothermally synthesized catalysts comprising a mixed metal oxide are utilized to produce unsaturated carboxylic acids by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, in the presence thereof; or to produce unsaturated nitrites by the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane, or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene, and ammonia in the presence thereof.

Abstract: Catalysts useful for producing methylamines and having practical catalyst life and large selectivity for dimethylamine comprise crystalline silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves which have a molar ratio of silicon atom to aluminum atom in the range of 0.01-0.30.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the heterogenically catalysed gas-phase partial oxidation of precursor compounds of (meth)acrylic acid in a fixed catalyst bed, containing as the catalyst an activated mass of mixed oxide, shaped to form a geometric body. Said geometric body is a geometric base body, into whose surface a cavity is incorporated.

Abstract: A gel composition substantially contained within the pores of a solid material for use as a catalyst or as a catalyst support in dehydrogenation and dehydrocyclization processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing methacrylic acid by the vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of methacrolein, comprising Mo, V, P and Cu as the indispensable active components, wherein copper acetate is used for all or a part of the necessary amount of a material for said Cu, a coated catalyst and a method for manufacturing the coated catalyst, and methacrolein is reacted in a high conversion and methacrylic acid is produced in a high selectivity by use of the catalyst of the present invention, and the catalyst can be used for reaction under high loading condition.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a mixed metal oxide is useful for the vapor phase oxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated carboxylic acid and for the vapor phase ammoxidation of an alkane or a mixture of an alkane and an alkene to an unsaturated nitrile.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by: contacting with a liquid contact member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide to form a contact mixture; recovering insoluble material from the contact mixture; calcining the recovered insoluble material in a non-oxidizing atmosphere; admixing the calcined recovered insoluble material with (i) at least one promoter element or compound thereof and (ii) at least one solvent for the at least one promoter element or compound thereof; removing the at least one solvent to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by contact with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A hydrorefining catalyst containing a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table and phosphorus is made by bringing the supporting liquid into contact with a porous carrier formed of inorganic oxide. The supporting liquid is an aqueous solution of a metal belonging to group VIB of the Periodic Table, a phosphorus compound, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide added to water. Thee hydroxycarboxylic acid content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydroxycarboxylic acid is 1:0.05 to 1:1 and the hydrogen peroxide content of the supporting liquid is such that molar ratio of group VIB metal:hydrogen peroxide is 1:0.03 to 1:1. The catalyst made with the supporting liquid has excellent desulfurization activity.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of reactivating a catalyst for methacrylic acid production, which catalyst is used in production of methacrylic acid through vapor-phase oxidation of methacrolein or vapor-phase oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid, contains P and Mo, and exhibits reduced activity. The process comprises treating the catalyst, whose activity level has dropped (deteriorated catalyst), with a gas containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound (e.g., pyridine, piperidine, piperazine, quinoline).

Abstract: The invention relates to a spherical catalyst composition comprising a Group VI metal component and optionally a Group VIII metal component on a carrier, which catalyst has a particle size of 0.5-7 mm, a total pore volume of 0.5-1.3 ml/g, an average pore diameter of 15-30 nm, and a % PV(>100 nm) of 2-30%, there being substantially no difference in density between the core region of the carrier particles and their surface regions. The catalyst is particularly suitable for use in non-fixed bed processes for the hydroprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon feeds. It has high hydrodesulfurization and hydrodemetallization activity in combination with a high abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A modified carrier carrying on at least a part of an inert carrier surface an oxide which is represented by the formula (1): XaYbZcOd (wherein X is at least an element selected from alkaline earth metals; Y is at least an element selected from Si, Al, Ti and Zr; Z is at least an element selected from Group IA elements and Group IIIb elements of the periodic table, B, Fe, Bi, Co, Ni and Mn; and O is oxygen; a, b, c and d denote the atomic ratios of X, Y, Z and O, respectively, where a=1, 0<b≦100, 0≦c≦10, and d is a numerical value determined by the extents of oxidation of the other elements) is provided. A catalyst formed with the use of this modified carrier carrying a complex oxide containing Mo and V is useful as a vapor phase catalytic oxidation catalyst, and is particularly suitable as a catalyst for preparing acrylic acid through vapor phase catalytic oxidation of acrolein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst capable of producing an epoxy compound in high yield and improving the utilization efficiency of the oxidizing agent as well as a method of producing an epoxy compound using that catalyst.

Abstract: An active and selective hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst comprises an activated partially-reduced polyoxometallate, preferably niobium polyoxomolybdate, that is prepared from a suitable polyoxoanion, which has been exchanged with a suitable cation and activated by heating to an activation effective temperature in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as pyridinium. C3 and C4 hydrocarbons may be partially oxidized selectively to acrylic acid and maleic acid.

Abstract: Alumina having a pore structure characterized by the absence of macropores, no more than 5% of the total pore volume in pores greater than 350 Å, a high pore volume (greater than 0.8 cc/g measured by mercury intrusion) and a bi-modal pore volume distribution character, where the two modes are separated by 10 to 200 Å, and the primary pore mode is larger than the median pore diameter (MPD), calculated either by volume or by surface area, the MPD by volume being itself larger than the MPD by surface area. Also provided are catalysts made from and processes using such alumina.

Abstract: A siliceous support for use in a catalyst for producing a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester by reacting a lower olefin with a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid in a gas phase, which has a silicon content of from 39.7 to 46.3% by mass or a silicon content of from 85 to 99% by mass in terms of silicon dioxide or a crush strength of 30 N or more. By the use of a catalyst comprising the support, a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid ester is produced from lower olefin and a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid without causing great reduction of catalytic activity or cracking or abrasion of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a selective hydrogenation process for producing aminonitriles by contacting the corresponding dinitriles with a hydrogen-containing fluid in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a solvent and tetraalkylammonium hydroxide and/or tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide additive.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a sulfide phase comprising (a) sulfur (b) and at least one element A selected form group IIIB, including the lanthanides and actinides, group IVB and group VB, and optionally (c) at least one element B selected from group VIIB and group VIII and mixtures thereof, is suitable for use in, for example, hydrorefining or hydroconversion. Sulfur is present in the catalyst at a quantity higher than the quantity corresponding to 40% of the stoichiometric quantity of sulfur in the sulfide compounds of elements from groups MB, IVB, VB, VIIB and VIII. The catalyst also, optionally, comprises at least one porous amorphous or low crystallinity type matrix.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a catalytic compound of anion-modified metal oxides doped with metal ions. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of isomerizing an alkane or alkyl moiety.

Abstract: The present invention includes a catalyst having (a) a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores; (b) a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent on the non-metallic support; wherein at least a portion of the metal heteropoly acid salt is dispersed within said plurality of pores. The present invention also includes a method of depositing a metal heteropoly acid salt that is insoluble in a polar solvent onto a non-metallic support having a plurality of pores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the in situ synthesis of acid or cationic form of heteropolyacid of molybdenum or tungsten due to the interaction of the cationic compound with the acidic or salt form of Mo or W and the phosphate ion of a solid support.

Abstract: The present invention concern, a method for enhancing the activity of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts. Promoter reagents are grafted onto or reacted with the catalyst surface. An optional calcination and activation heating cycle transforms the catalyst precursor into a final active phase. A preferred VPO catalyst produced has a ratio of molybdenum to vanadium on the surface of the catalyst to molybdenum to vanadium in the overall bulk of the catalyst represented by the equation (Mo/V) Surface≧1.10 (Mo/V) overall bulk.

Abstract: A method of making a molecular sieve catalyst by preparing a catalyst slurry containing molecular sieve, binder and a matrix material and directing the slurry to a forming unit. The catalyst slurry is prepared by using a microfiltration process whereby the molecular sieve is washed and concentrated from a preparation medium without having to isolate the molecular sieve in a dry or semi-dry form. The catalyst is used to make ethylene and propylene from an oxygenate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the selective preparation of acetic acid from a gaseous feed comprising ethane, ethylene or mixtures thereof plus oxygen at elevated temperature, which comprises bringing the gaseous feed into contact with a catalyst comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen MoaPdbXcYd??(I) where the symbols X and Y have the following meanings: X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Cr, Mn, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Te and/or W, in particular Nb, V and W; Y is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of: B, Al, Ga, In, Pt, Zn, Cd, Bi, Ce, Co, Cu, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag, Fe, Ru, Os, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zr, Hf, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, TI and U, in particular Ca, Sb, Te and Li. The present invention further provides a catalyst for the selective preparation of acetic acid comprising the elements Mo, Pd, X and Y in the gram atom ratios a:b:c:d in combination with oxygen.