Abstract: The present invention provides methods of intercalating a catalyst promoter to form a catalyst composition suitable for converting syngas into alcohols, such as ethanol. Effective conditions for promoter intercalation are provided herein. This invention also provides novel compositions that can be characterized by interplanar spacings of the promoter within the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of exfoliating a layered material (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenide) to produce nano-scaled platelets having a thickness smaller than 100 nm, typically smaller than 10 nm. The method comprises (a) dispersing particles of a non-graphite laminar compound in a liquid medium containing therein a surfactant or dispersing agent to obtain a stable suspension or slurry; and (b) exposing the suspension or slurry to ultrasonic waves at an energy level for a sufficient length of time to produce separated nano-scaled platelets. The nano-scaled platelets are candidate reinforcement fillers for polymer nanocomposites.

Abstract: A catalyst for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising a carrier and deposited on the carrier, silver, a promoting amount of one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and rhenium and a promoting amount of nickel, wherein the nickel is added as a nickel compound or nickel complex during the initial impregnation along with the silver and other promoters; including a process for preparing the catalyst; a process for preparing an olefin oxide by reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for incorporating sulfur in the porosity of the solid particles of a catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons or an adsorbent. This process is carried out off-site in the presence of hydrogen sulfide that is pure or diluted in hydrogen or nitrogen, a process in which said particles are made to rise or fall in a sulfur incorporation zone that comprises at least one vibratory helical coil that is essentially tubular in shape and that comprises at least two turns, whereby said particles are subjected to a temperature profile over the majority of their path in said coil and whereby said particles are brought into contact with at least one fluid on at least one portion of their path.

Abstract: A process for sulfiding a cobalt-molybdenum bulk catalyst precursor to form a bulk sulfided alcohol synthesis catalyst. The process steps include contacting an oxidic bulk cobalt-molybdenum catalyst precursor with an amount of a sulfur-containing compound which is in the range of about 1 to about 10 moles of sulfur per mole of metals, at one or more temperatures at or in excess of about 300° C. in a medium which is substantially devoid of added hydrogen, so as to form a sulfided bulk cobalt-molybdenum catalyst product. Also described are processes for forming the catalyst precursor, processes for producing an alcohol using the catalyst product and the catalyst product itself.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor for preparing a bulk multi-metallic catalyst upon sulfidation is provided. The precursor has an essentially monomodal pore volume distribution with at least 90% of the pores being macropores, and a total pore volume of at least 0.08 g/cc. The bulk multi-metallic prepared from the precursor is particularly suitable for hydrotreating heavy oil feeds having a boiling point in the range of 343° C. (650° F.)—to 454° C. (850° F.), an average molecular weight Mn ranging from 300 to 400, and an average molecular diameter ranging from 0.9 nm to 1.7 nm.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising molybdenum supported on a base, such as boehmite or pseudo-boehmite alumina. Iron oxide may also be in the base. The base is preferably bauxite. The heavy hydrocarbon slurry is hydrocracked in the presence of the catalyst to produce lighter hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst system for the reduction of NOx comprises a catalyst comprising a metal oxide catalyst support, a catalytic metal oxide comprising at least one of gallium oxide or silver oxide, and at least one promoting metal selected from the group consisting of silver, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, indium, bismuth and mixtures thereof. The catalyst system further comprises a gas stream comprising an organic reductant, and a compound comprising sulfur. A method for reducing NOx utilizing the said catalyst system is also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing a bulk multi-metallic suitable for hydrotreating heavy oil feeds is provided. In the process of preparing the catalyst precursor which is subsequently sulfided to form the bulk catalyst, non-agglomerative drying is employed to keep the catalyst precursor from aggregating/clumping, resulting in a catalyst precursor with optimum porosity with at least 90% of the pores being macropores, and having a total pore volume of at least 0.08 g/cc.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating, especially hydrodesulfurization, of residua and heavy crudes is prepared by synthesizing the support from titanium and boehmite, to form either a titanium/alumina support (TiO2/Al2O3) or a titanium-alumina support (TiO2—Al2O3) that is thereafter provided with at least one hydrogenating metal from group VIB in oxide form and a promoter from group VIII also in oxide form. The (TiO2/Al2O3) support is prepared from boehmite, which is peptized by using an inorganic acid, then extruded, calcined and impregnated with a solution containing titanium, while the (TiO2—Al2O3) support is prepared by admixing boehmite with a titanium-containing solution, peptized using an inorganic acid, extruded and calcined to obtain the titanium-alumina support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst, particularly useful for the hydrogenation of carbon disulphide (CS2) to form methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and to a preparation method thereof. The present invention also relates to a method for continuously preparing methyl mercaptan by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon disulphide, with a carbon disulphide conversion rate of 100%, and a methyl mercaptan selectivity of 100%.

Abstract: In a process for producing a hydroprocessing catalyst, a particulate metal oxide composition comprising an oxide of at least one first metal selected from Group 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements can be mixed with particles of a sulfide of at least one second metal selected from Groups 8 to 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements to produce a particulate catalyst precursor. The particulate catalyst precursor can then be sulfided under conditions sufficient to at least partially convert the particulate catalyst precursor into a layered metal sulfide having defect sites associated with the second metal sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalyst compositions, and methods of using the catalyst compositions. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur. Preferred catalyst compositions for converting syngas into alcohols include cobalt associated with sulfide in certain preferred stoichiometries as described and taught herein.

Abstract: A method for preparing a bulk multi-metallic suitable for hydrotreating heavy oil feeds is provided. In the process of preparing the catalyst precursor which is subsequently sulfided to form the bulk catalyst, a catalyst precursor filter cake is treated with at least a chelating agent, resulting in a catalyst precursor with optimum porosity with at least 90% of the pores being macropores, and having a total pore volume of at least 0.12 g/cc.

Abstract: A stable catalyst with low volumetric shrinkage and a process for making the stable catalyst with low volumetric shrinkage is disclosed. The catalyst is made by sulfiding a catalyst precursor containing at least a Group VIB metal compound; at least a promoter metal compound selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, having an oxidation state of either +2 or +4; optionally at least a ligating agent; optionally at least a diluent. In the process of making the catalyst, the catalyst precursor is first shaped then heat treated at a temperature of 50° C. to 200° C. for about 15 minutes to 12 hours, wherein the catalyst precursor still has a low (less than 12%) volumetric shrinkage after exposure to a temperature of at least 100° C. for at least 30 minutes, e.g., in sulfidation or in a hydrotreating reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for making a catalyst from a precursor composition containing rework materials are disclosed. The catalyst is made by sulfiding a catalyst precursor containing 5-95 wt. % rework material. The catalyst precursor employing rework materials can be a hydroxide or oxide material. Rework can be materials generated in the forming or shaping of the catalyst precursor, or formed upon the breakage or handling of the shaped catalyst precursor. Rework can also be in the form of catalyst precursor feed material to the shaping process, e.g., extrusion process, or catalyst precursor material generated as reject or scrap in the shaping process. In some embodiment, rework may be of the consistency of shapeable dough. In another embodiment, rework is in the form of small pieces or particles, e.g., fines, powder.

Abstract: Catalytic system which can be used in processes for the hydroconversion of heavy oils by means of hydrotreatment in slurry phase, characterized in that it comprises: a catalyst, having the function of hydrogenating agent, containing MoS2 or WS2 or mixtures thereof in lamellar form or an oil-soluble precursor thereof; a co-catalyst, having nanometric or micronic particle-sizes, selected from cracking and/or denitrogenation catalysts. The co-catalyst preferably consists of zeolites having small-sized crystals and with a low aggregation degree between the primary particles, and/or oxides or sulfides or precursors of sulfides of Ni and/or Co in a mixture with Mo and/or W.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphide catalyst for electrochemical reduction of oxygen particularly stable in chemically aggressive environments such as chlorinated hydrochloric acid. The catalyst of the invention comprises a noble metal sulphide single crystalline phase supported on a conductive carbon essentially free of zerovalent metal and of metal oxide phases, obtainable by reduction of metal precursor salts and thio-precursors with a borohydride or other strong reducing agent.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to catalysts and preparation of the catalysts, which are defined by sulfides of a transition metal, such as one of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Precursors for the catalysts include a metal ion source compound, such as molybdenum trioxide, and a sulfide ion source compound, such as thioacetamide. Once the precursors are dissolved if solid and combined in a mixture, homogenous precipitation from the mixture forms the catalysts. Exemplary uses of the catalysts include packing for a methanation reactor that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methane.

Abstract: Transition Metal Sulfides (TMS), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are the petroleum industry's “workhorse” catalysts for upgrading heavy petroleum feedstocks and removing sulfur, nitrogen and other pollutants from fuels. We have developed an improved synthesis technique to produce SLTMS catalysts, such as molybdenum disulfide, with potentially greater activity and specificity than those currently available. Applications for this technology include heavy feed upgrading, in-situ catalysis, bio-fuel conversion and coal liquefaction.

Abstract: Bulk metallic catalysts comprised of a Group VIII metal and a Group VIB metal and methods for synthesizing bulk metallic catalysts are provided. The catalysts are prepared by a method wherein precursors of both metals are mixed and interacted with at least one organic acid, such as glyoxylic acid, dried, calcined, and sulfided. The catalysts are used for hydroprocessing, particularly hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h,, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a catalyst comprising at least one metal from group VIII, rhenium or iridium and a sulphur-containing support, said catalyst having a sodium content which is strictly less than 50 ppm by weight and a sulphur content in the range 1500 to 3000 ppm by weight. The invention also concerns the use of said catalyst in a catalytic reforming reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to ultradispersed catalyst compositions and methods for preparing such catalysts. In particular, the invention provides catalyst composition of the general formula: BxMyS[(1.1 to 4.6)y+(0.5 to 4)x] where B is a group VIIIB non-noble metal and M is a group VI B metal and 0.05?y/x?15.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to catalysts and preparation of the catalysts, which are defined by sulfides of a transition metal, such as one of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Precipitation forms the catalysts and occurs in a slurry media in which the pH is adjusted. Exemplary uses of the catalysts include packing for a methanation reactor that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methane.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalyst compositions, and methods of using the catalyst compositions. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur. Preferred catalyst compositions for converting syngas into alcohols include cobalt associated with sulfide in certain preferred stoichiometries as described and taught herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing delaminated/exfoliated non-ionic inorganic materials, to such materials and their use as additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to ultradispersed catalyst compositions and methods for preparing such catalysts. In particular, the invention provides catalyst composition of the general formula: BxMyS[(1.1 to 4.6)y+(0.5 to 4)x] where B is a group VIIIB non-noble metal and M is a group VI B metal and 0.05?y/x?15.

Abstract: A catalyst for the epoxidation of an olefin comprising a carrier and, deposited on the carrier, silver, a rhenium promoter, a first co-promoter, and a second co-promoter; wherein the molar ratio of the first co-promoter to the second co-promoter is greater than 1; the first co-promoter is selected from sulfur, phosphorus, boron, and mixtures thereof; and the second co-promoter is selected from tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and mixtures thereof; a process for preparing the catalyst; a process for preparing an olefin oxide by reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: Ruthenium sulfide catalyst and gas diffusion electrodes incorporating the same for reduction of oxygen in industrial electrolyzers which catalyst is highly resistant to corrosion making it useful for oxygen-depolarized aqueous hydrochloric acid electrolysis.

Abstract: This invention improves prior methods of making cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide catalysts for alcohol production from syngas. In one aspect, improved methods are provided for making preferred cobalt-molybdenum-sulfide compositions. In another aspect, processes utilizing these catalysts for producing at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol, from syngas are described.

Abstract: This invention provides a fuel cell electrode catalyst in which at least one transition metal element and at least one chalcogen element are supported on a conductive support, wherein the fuel cell electrode catalyst comprises a core portion comprising a transition metal crystal and a shell portion comprising surface atoms of the transition metal crystal particle and chalcogen elements coordinating to the surface atoms, and the outer circumference of the core portion is being partially covered with the shell portion. The fuel cell electrode catalyst has a high level of oxygen reduction performance, high activity as a fuel cell catalyst and comprises a transition metal element and a chalcogen element.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a crude product from a crude feed. A crude feed is contacted with a hydrogen source and a catalyst comprising a transition metal sulfide under conditions controlled such that the crude product has a residue content of at most the 30% of the residue content of the crude feed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to catalysts and preparation of the catalysts, which are defined by sulfides of a transition metal, such as one of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. Precursors for the catalysts include a metal ion source compound, such as molybdenum trioxide, and a sulfide ion source compound, such as thioacetamide. Once the precursors are dissolved if solid and combined in a mixture, homogenous precipitation from the mixture forms the catalysts. Exemplary uses of the catalysts include packing for a methanation reactor that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methane.

Abstract: A catalyst and a process for making a catalyst from a precursor composition containing rework materials are disclosed. The catalyst is made by sulfiding a catalyst precursor containing 5-95 wt. % rework material. The catalyst precursor employing rework materials can be a hydroxide or oxide material. Rework can be materials generated in the forming or shaping of the catalyst precursor, or formed upon the breakage or handling of the shaped catalyst precursor. Rework can also be in the form of catalyst precursor feed material to the shaping process, e.g., extrusion process, or catalyst precursor material generated as reject or scrap in the shaping process. In some embodiment, rework may be of the consistency of shapeable dough. In another embodiment, rework is in the form of small pieces or particles, e.g., fines, powder.

Abstract: A stable catalyst with low volumetric shrinkage and a process for making the stable catalyst with low volumetric shrinkage is disclosed. The catalyst is made by sulfiding a catalyst precursor containing at least a Group VIB metal compound; at least a promoter metal compound selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, having an oxidation state of either +2 or +4; optionally at least a ligating agent; optionally at least a diluent. In the process of making the catalyst, the catalyst precursor is first shaped then heat treated at a temperature of 50° C. to 200° C. for about 15 minutes to 12 hours, wherein the catalyst precursor still has a low (less than 12%) volumetric shrinkage after exposure to a temperature of at least 100° C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a bulk multi-metallic suitable for hydrotreating heavy oil feeds is provided. In the process of preparing the catalyst precursor which is subsequently sulfided to form the bulk catalyst, non-agglomerative drying is employed to keep the catalyst precursor from aggregating/clumping, resulting in a catalyst precursor with optimum porosity with at least 90% of the pores being macropores, and having a total pore volume of at least 0.08 g/cc.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for the chemical conversion of syngas to alcohols. The invention includes catalyst compositions, methods of making the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts including techniques to maintain catalyst stability. Certain embodiments teach compositions for catalyzing the conversion of syngas into products comprising at least one C1-C4 alcohol, such as ethanol. These compositions generally include cobalt, molybdenum, and sulfur, and avoid metal carbides both initially and during reactor operation.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition and methods for making such catalyst precursor is disclosed. The catalyst precursor comprises at least one of a Group IIB metal compound, a Group IVA metal compound, a Group IIA metal compound, and combinations thereof, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one organic, oxygen-containing ligand, and optionally a cellulose-containing material. Catalysts prepared from the sulfidation of such catalyst precursors are used in the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: A process for making a catalyst precursor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the process comprises co-precipitating at reaction conditions forming a precipitate or cogel: at least a promoter metal compounds selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, at least one of Group VIB metal compounds, at least an organic oxygen-containing ligand L. The precursor is represented by the formula Av[(MP) (OH)x(L)ny]z(MVIBO4), wherein A comprises an alkali metal cation, an ammonium, an organic ammonium or a phosphonium cation, MP is at least one of Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, L is the organic, oxygen-containing co-ordinating ligand, MVIB is at least one of Group VIB metals, and the atomic ratio of MP:MVIB is between 100:1 and 1:100.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing bulk metal oxide particles comprising the steps of combining in a reaction mixture (i) dispersible nanoparticles having a dimension of less than about 1 ?m upon being dispersed in a liquid, (ii) at least one Group VIII non-noble metal compound, (iii) at least one Group VIB metal compound, and (iv) a protic liquid; and reacting the at least one Group VIII non-noble metal compound and the at least one Group VIB metal in the presence of the nanoparticles. It also relates to bulk metal hydroprocessing catalysts obtainable by such method.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor composition and methods for making such catalyst precursor are disclosed. The catalyst precursor comprises at least a metal compound selected from Group VIII, Group IIB, Group IIA, Group IVA and combinations thereof, at least one Group VIB metal, at least one organic, oxygen-containing ligand, and a cellulose-containing material. Catalysts prepared from the sulfidation of such catalyst precursors are used in the hydroprocessing of hydrocarbon feeds. In one embodiment, the sulfidation is carried out by contacting the catalyst precursor with hydrogen and a sulfur containing compound in a “slow” process with the sulfidation taking place over a few days up to two weeks, e.g., for at least over 96 hours. In another embodiment, the sulfidation is in a “quick” process with the sulfidation taking place in less than 72 hours. The catalyst prepared from the slow sulfidation process gives a 700° F.+ conversion rate of at least 25% higher than the 700° F.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process wherein a heavy oil feedstock upgrader alters its mode of operation of its full conversion hydroprocessing unit to create a custom tailored synthetic crude feedstock based upon data communicated from a target refinery and data communicated from the heavy oil feedstock upgrader. The data from the target refinery is data that represents refining process data and linear program modeling along with analysis by a refining planner to calculate the optimum “synthetic trim crude” that will optimize the effective use of the target refinery's capacity and equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a composite catalyst in which metal particles having catalytic activity are supported at a high density on a surface of an inorganic oxide, and the supported metal particles are strongly fixed to the surface of the inorganic oxide to improve the durability of the composite catalyst. The composite catalyst includes the inorganic oxide and the metal particles. A compound having a functional group including an amino group or a thiol group is bonded to a surface of the inorganic oxide. The metal particles are bonded to the functional group.

Abstract: A process for slurry hydroprocessing, which involves preconditioning a slurry catalyst for activity improvement in vacuum residuum hydroprocessing units Preconditioning the slurry catalyst raises its temperature, thereby reducing shock on the catalyst slurry as it enters the hydroprocessing reactor.

Abstract: A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Xu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; X is at least at least a metal compound selected from a non-noble Group VIII metal, a Group VIIIB metal, a Group VIB metal, a Group IVB metal, and a Group IIB metal (“Promoter Metal”); t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, X, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b).

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a supported or unsupported catalyst comprising an active phase constituted by a sulfur-containing group VIB element, the group VIB element being molybdenum, and a hydrodeoxygenation process with a yield of hydrodeoxygenation product which is greater than or equal to 90% of charges from renewable sources using a catalyst according to the invention.

Abstract: Improved methods of introducing promoters to catalysts are described. The present invention provides a convenient method of uniformly distributing a catalyst promoter, to provide for intimate contact between the promoter and the active catalyst sites. This intimate contact can enhance the activity and/or product selectivity of the promoted catalyst. In some embodiments, the method includes reacting an alkali metal with an alcohol in a non-aqueous medium, contacting the resulting solution with a starting catalyst, and depositing the alkali metal onto the starting catalyst to form an alkali-promoted catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to increase yields and selectivities to particular alcohols, such as ethanol, during alcohol synthesis from syngas. In some embodiments, a starting catalyst can be activated by contacting with a gas stream under certain preferred activation temperatures, pressures, and compositions.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing bulk catalyst is provided. A process to prepare hydroprocessing bulk catalysts is also provided. The hydroprocessing catalyst has the formula (Mt)a(Lu)b(Sv)d(Cw)e(Hx)f(Oy)g(Nz)h, wherein M is at least one group VIB metal; promoter metal L is optional and if present, L is at least one Group VIII non-noble metal; t, u, v, w, x, y, z representing the total charge for each of the components (M, L, S, C, H, O and N, respectively); ta+ub+vd+we+xf+yg+zh=0; 0=<b; and 0=<b/a=<5, (a+0.5b)<=d<=(5a+2b), 0<=e<=11(a+b), 0<=f<=7(a+b), 0<=g<=5(a+b), 0<=h<=0.5(a+b). The catalyst has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with at least one broad diffraction peak at any of Bragg angles: 8 to 18°, 32 to 40°, and 55 to 65° (from 0 to 70° 2-? scale).