Abstract: 4-Amino-6-(heterocyclic)picolinicates and their derivatives; 6-amino-2-(heterocyclic)pyrimidine-4-carboxylates and their derivatives; and methods of using the same as herbicides.

Abstract: An active material has a favorable capacity property. The active material is to be used for a fluoride ion battery, the active material including a crystal phase having a perovskite structure, and represented by ABO3 or a fluoride of the ABO3, in which the A and the B are different metal elements; the A includes at least one kind of a metal element belonging to Group 2 and Group 3 in the periodic table; and the B includes at least one kind of a transition metal element belonging to Period 4 to Period 6 in the periodic table.

Abstract: The present technology relates to a method of introducing a supported antistatic compound that does not comprise a transition-metal-based catalyst component for use in an olefin polymerization reactor. In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein avoid the formation of polymer agglomerates in the reactor and minimize potentially negative effects on catalyst yield.

Abstract: A catalyst for reforming hydrocarbons may include a catalytically active amount of nickel or nickel oxide dispersed on a metal oxide support. The metal oxide support may be of a single-metal oxide of a first metal or a complex-metal oxide of the first metal and a second metal. A co-catalyst of magnesium oxide (MgO) may anchor the nickel or nickel oxide onto the metal oxide support.

Abstract: Palladium intermetallic compounds, such as palladium silicides, e.g., PdSi and/or Pd2Si, can be selectively prepared in a two step process including the steps of (1) vacuum impregnating silicon with a metal halide comprising a palladium halide, and (2) ball milling the product of step (1). A method of preparing organohalosilanes may be performed combining an organohalide having the formula RX, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and X is a halogen atom, with a contact mass comprising at least 2% of the palladium intermetallic compound.

Abstract: Intermetallic compounds, such as metal silicides, e.g., PdSi and/or Pd2Si, can be selectively prepared in a two step process including the steps of (1) vacuum impregnating silicon with a metal halide, and (2) ball milling the product of step (1).

Abstract: The Cu- and Ti-containing composition of the present invention contains titanium oxide having a rutile-type titanium oxide content of 15 mol % or more, and at least one divalent copper compound represented by the following formula (1). The Cu- and Ti-containing composition production method of the present invention is characterized by including stirring a mixture containing titanium oxide having a rutile-type titanium oxide content of 15 mol % or more, a divalent copper compound raw material represented by formula (2), water, and an alkaline compound, to thereby cause precipitation. The composition of the present invention exhibits excellent anti-viral property under light and in the dark, and excellent organic compound decomposition activity under light.

Abstract: The Cu- and Ti-containing composition of the present invention contains titanium oxide including rutile-crystal-type titanium oxide, and a divalent copper compound, wherein the rutile-crystal-type titanium oxide exhibits the most intense diffraction peak attributed to rutile-type titanium oxide having a full width at half maximum of 0.65° or less, in a Cu—K? line X-ray diffraction pattern, which is obtained by plotting intensity of diffraction line with respect to diffraction angle 2?. The composition exhibits excellent anti-viral property under light and in the dark, and excellent organic compound degradability under light.

Abstract: Sorbents and methods of using them for removing mercury from flue gases over a wide range of temperatures are disclosed. Sorbent materials of this invention comprise oxy- or hydroxyl-halogen (chlorides and bromides) of manganese, copper and calcium as the active phase for Hg0 oxidation, and are dispersed on a high surface porous supports. In addition to the powder activated carbons (PACs), this support material can be comprised of commercial ceramic supports such as silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zeolites and clays. The support material may also comprise of oxides of various metals such as iron, manganese, and calcium. The non-carbon sorbents of the invention can be easily injected into the flue gas and recovered in the Particulate Control Device (PCD) along with the fly ash without altering the properties of the by-product fly ash enabling its use as a cement additive.

Abstract: Powder catalysts that comprise particles of chemical compounds of Au and Cu deposited on acid-washed carbon-based supports are effective catalysts in ethyne hydrochlorination to produce vinyl chloride monomers (VCMs). They give a high selectivity and productivity of VCM and decreased amounts of the byproducts of chloroethane, dichloroethane and others. Thiocyanates are used as complexing agents to extend the catalyst lifetime. The activity of the catalyst is enhanced by doping nitrogen atoms into the support.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst carriers to be used as supports for metal and metal oxide catalyst components of use in a variety of chemical reactions. More specifically, the invention provides a process of formulating an alpha alumina carrier that is suitable as a support for silver and the use of such catalyst in chemical reactions, especially the epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. The composition comprises at least one hydrated precursor of alpha alumina; an optional alpha alumina; and a binder. The composition is substantially free of seeding particles.

Abstract: The proposed methods are exemplarily utilized in uranium hydrometallurgy for selective extraction of uranium out of ore by in situ or heap leaching. According to the disclosure, the methods encompass catalytic oxidation of U4+ to U6+ using a proposed oxidizing catalyst “Muhamedzhan-1”, filtration of this solution through ore, transferring hexavalent uranium, trivalent iron, and other metal ions into a production solution, extraction of uranium yielding a barren solution and re-circulation of this solution back for ore leaching. The methods essentially improve known technologies by employing “Muhamedzhan-1”, being a solution of d- and f-mixed valence metal salts (MLn, wherein M=Fe, U, Cu, Mn, and L=NO3?, SO42?Cl?, Br?, I?) and alkali metal halogenides (MX, wherein M=Na+, Na+, K+, and X=Cl?, Br?, I?) used as an oxidizing agent, with the weight ratio of MLn: 0.01-25.0%, MX: 0.01-12.5%, and solvent: balance.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxychlorination according to the present invention contains alumina and copper, and a content of copper is in the range from 5 to 20% by weight calculated as that of CuO, while a content of halogen is not more than 5% by weight. The catalyst is produced by the following steps (a) to (c): (a) preparing a slurry for spray-drying by adding an acid and an aqueous solution of cupric nitrate in a pseudo-boehmite alumina slurry; (b) spray-drying the slurry; and (c) burning the particles obtained in step (b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst composition for producing furfural derivatives from raw materials of lignocellulosic biomass, and method for producing furfural derivatives using the composition. The present invention comprises ruthenium chloride (RuCl3) and chromium chloride (CrCl2). The chromium chloride (CrCl2) is from 300 to 500 parts by weight on the basis of 100 parts by weight of the ruthenium chloride (RuCl3). Unlike conventional furfural derivatives producing process that should go through multi step processes such as pre-process, saccharification process, etc, the present invention has an advantage of producing furfural derivatives from lignocellulosic raw material only through simple reaction process in one reaction apparatus by mixing various kinds of metal catalyst at an optimum ratio.

Abstract: The use of metal-accumulating plants for implementing chemical reactions.

Abstract: A precipitated film and the fabricating method thereof are disclosed. The precipitated film includes a supporting layer having columnar crystals, and a functional layer formed on the supporting layer and having granular crystals. The precipitated film is fabricated by phase-changing one of two aqueous solutions, which are able to react with each other to form a solid precipitate inherently, into solid-state and then reacting with the other aqueous solution to form the precipitated film by a precipitation reaction.

Abstract: Catalyst for the fixed bed oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane in form of hollow cylindrical granules having total pore volume from 0.4 to 0.55 ml/g prevailingly formed of micro and mesopores having diameter between 7 and 50 nm, wherein the mesopores constitute the major component, and the macropores having diameter of more than 50 nm up to 10,000 nm being present by 15-35%.

Abstract: Catalyst for the fixed bed oxychlorination of ethylene to 1.2-dichloroethane in form of hollow cylindrical granules having total pore volume from 0.4 to 0.55 ml/g prevailingly formed of micro and mesopores having diameter between 7 and 50 nm, wherein the mesopores constitute the major component, and the macropores having diameter of more than 50 nm up to 10.000 nm being present by 15-35%.

Abstract: Catalysts for the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1.2-dichloroethane, in form of hollow granules having definite geometrical configuration and pore volume distribution with at least 20% of the total volume formed of macropores wherein the diameter of the pores at the maximum of the macropore distribution curve is higher than 800 nm and up to 1500 nm.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention include methods to produce jet fuel from biological oil sources. The method may be comprised of two steps: hydrocracking and reforming. The process may be self-sufficient in heat and hydrogen.

Abstract: Catalysts for oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichlorethane, comprising compounds of copper and magnesium supported on gamma alumina, wherein the copper, expressed as metal, is present in a quantity from 7 to 12% by weight and the Mg/Cu ratio is from 0.05 to 1, wherein the distribution of copper in the catalyst particle is such that the ratio X/Y between the concentration of the copper atoms on the surface given by the Al/Cu ratio (X) on the surface (20-30 nm layer) and the concentration given by the Al/Cu ratio (Y) referred to the entire particle is greater than 1.3 and can reach 3.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for preparing an amorphous metal fluoride of the formula MX+FX?? comprising the steps of a) providing a precursor, whereby the precursor comprises a structure having a formula of Mx+F(x??)?yBy; and b) reacting the precursor with a fluorinating agent generating the amorphous metal flouride having a formula of Mx+Fx??, whereby M is selected from the group comprising metals of the second, third and fourth main group and any subgroup of the periodic table, B is a coordinately bound group; x is any integer of 2 or 3; y is any integer between 1 and 3; ? is 0 to 0.1; and x??>y.

Abstract: There is provided methods for making a catalyst composition represented by the formula MX/M?F2 wherein MX is an alkali metal halide; M is an alkali metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+; X is a halogen ion selected from the group consisting of F?, Cl?, Br?, and I?; M?F2 is a bivalent metal fluoride; and M? is a bivalent metal ion. One method has the following steps: (a) dissolving an amount of the alkali metal halide in an amount of solvent sufficient to substantially dissolve or solubilize the alkali metal halide to form an alkali metal halide solution; (b) adding an amount of the bi-valent metal fluoride to the alkali metal halide solution to form a slurry of the alkali metal halide and bi-valent metal fluoride; and (c) removing substantially all of the solvent from the slurry to form a solid mass of the alkali metal halide and bi-valent metal fluoride.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst composition comprising a halide of a Group Ib element and an inert powder. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising a reaction product of a halide of a Group Ib element, an inert powder and mercury. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising injecting a catalyst composition comprising a halide of a Group Ib element and an inert powder into an emissions stream of a thermoelectric power plant; converting an elemental form of mercury present in the emissions stream into an oxidized form, an amalgamated form and/or a particulate bound form of mercury; and collecting the oxidized form, the amalgamated form and/or the particulate bound form of mercury prior to the entry of the emissions stream into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful for cracking and reducing the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons. The catalytic composition comprises Portland cement, a volcanic ash component, titanium dioxide, and a transition metal salt. Optionally, a hydrogen source is added to the catalytic composition.

Abstract: Catalysts for oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane, comprising compounds of copper and magnesium supported on alumina, in which the copper, expressed as metal, is present in an amount of 7 to 12% by weight and the Mg/Cu ratio is 0.05 to 1, and wherein the ratio between the concentration of copper provided by the Al/Cu ratio at the surface and that provided by the Al/Cu ratio in the entire particle of the catalyst is from 0.8 to 1.3.

Abstract: An oxidative halogenation process involving contacting a hydrocarbon, for example, ethylene, or a halogenated hydrocarbon with a source of halogen, such as hydrogen chloride, and a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst so as to form a halocarbon, preferably a chlorocarbon, having a greater number of halogen substituents than the starting hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon, for example, 1,2-dichloroethane. The catalyst is a novel composition comprising copper dispersed on a porous rare earth halide support, preferably, a porous rare earth chloride support. A catalyst precursor composition comprising copper dispersed on a porous rare earth oxyhalide support is disclosed. Use of the porous rare earth halide and oxyhalide as support materials for catalytic components is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic composition useful for cracking and reducing the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbons. The catalytic composition comprises Portland cement, a volcanic ash component, titanium dioxide, and a transition metal salt. Optionally, a hydrogen source is added to the catalytic composition.

Abstract: Catalysts for exothermic reactions conducted in a fixed bed, comprising an inert diluent constituted by metal granules in which the metal has a thermal conductivity of more than 0.5 W/cm/K, particularly catalysts for the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds is disclosed. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes an effective amount of at least one Group 8, 9, or 10 metal source; an effective amount of at least one bromide composition; an effective amount of at least one activating organic solvent; an effective amount of a combination of inorganic co-catalysts comprising at least one titanium source and at least one copper source; and an effective amount of at least one base.

Abstract: Shaped catalysts for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions are in the form of hollow cylinders or annular tablets whose end faces are rounded both to the outer edge and to the edge of the central hole, i.e. have no right-angled edges.

Abstract: Processes for the synthesis of substituted silanes from alkyl magnesium compounds using a mixture of catalysts. The catalyst systems include both a copper halide and a salt of a Group IA, IIA, IIA, or IVA element or a transition metal.

Abstract: Oxychlorination catalyst is produced by mixing together wet support material, copper chloride or precursor thereof, to form a paste, wherein the wet support material is wet clay, wet silica, wet silica gel, wet alumina, wet diatomaceous earth, or a mixture of two or more thereof; removing water from the paste to produce a substantially dry mixture; and calcining the substantially dry mixture at elevated temperatures to produce a calcined mixture wherein alkali metal chloride or precursor thereof is mixed with the wet support material or an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride or precursor thereof is applied to the paste, the substantially dry mixture, or the calcined mixture and the water of the aqueous solution is substantially removed. Preferably wet attapulgus clay, cupric chloride, and potassium chloride are mixed to form the paste.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing copper. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of isoalkanes is disclosed along with a process therefor the same. The catalyst comprises a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid. The process for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate, basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid at a temperature of room temperature--200.degree. C. and a pressure of atmospheric -5 MPa.

Abstract: A particularly useful process of contacting a feedstream containing dioxygen, carbon monoxide, ether, and alkanol which can be vaporized under conditions of reaction, with a blend of catalysts which are heterogeneous to the feedstream, under conditions of reaction sufficient to form a mixture containing at least one higher molecular weight oxygenated organic compound. In another aspect this invention relates to a blend of catalysts consisting of at least one molecular sieve, natural or synthetic, which has been found useful for hydrocarbon conversion reactions and a catalyst comprising a metal halide or a mixed metal halide supported on active carbon which is effective in catalyzing direct formation of organic carbonates.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons, e.g., ethylene, are steady-state catalytically oxychlorinated into chlorocarbons, e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane, by fluidizing a fluidizable charge by directing a gaseous feedstream containing a hydrocarbon therethrough and therein oxychlorinating such hydrocarbon, the gaseous feedstream further comprising an oxygen-containing gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid and the fluidizable charge comprising immixture of a catalytically effective amount of an oxychlorination catalyst and particles of a catalytically and chemically inert solid substance, and which further comprises introducing a solution or suspension of a catalytically active copper compound into such fluidized charge during the oxychlorination reaction.

Abstract: The durability and selectivity of a supported nobel metal hydrodeclorination catalyst can be improved by treating the supported catalyst, which comprises support and catalytic noble metal, with a late transition metal halide salt, a post transition metal containing halide salt, or a combination thereof, and with an alkali metal halide, ammonium halide, or a combination thereof. Suitable late transition metal and post transition metal halides for use herein include zinc chloride, tin chloride, and cupric chloride. A suitable alkali metal halide for use herein include lithium chloride. The novel resulting supported catalyst has its noble metal component, which is in the zero valent state, predominantly residing adjacent the surface of the support in a form which is predominantly visible under a microscope having a resolution of about 5 .ANG..

Abstract: Catalysts for the oxichlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichlorethane, comprising copper chloride as a main component, in the form of hollow cylindrical granules having at least three through holes, obtained by compression forming by using, for lubrication, a lubricant placed on the walls of the forming chamber and on the plungers of the mold.

Abstract: An ethylene oxychlorination catalyst in granular form, consisting of CuCl.sub.2 supported on an alumina carrier, displaying a cylindrical configuration with trilobed cross-section provided with three through-bores equidistant from each other, each of which through-bores has its axis parallel to the axis of the cylindrical granule.

Abstract: A new catalyst composition is provided for the synthesis of methyl alcohol by a catalytic reaction where methyl chloride, perchloroethylene, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen are converted to methyl alcohol and hexachloroethylene. The catalyst composition is an admixture of an iodine salt with copper chloride enhanced as needed by a chloride of iron, zinc, lead or bismuth or an admixture of an alkali metal bromine salt such as sodium bromide, potassium bromide and cesium bromide substituted for the iodine salt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalytic composition resulting from mixing at least one aluminum halide, at least one quaternary ammonium halide and/or at least one amine halohydrate and at least one cuprous compound, preferable a halide. The invention also concerns a process for the alkylation of isoparaffins by olefins with that composition.

Abstract: There is provided with a method of treating an exhaust gas comprising the steps of loading into a column an exhaust gas treating agent containing as a main component a metal of which surface is fluorinated previously; passing through the column the exhaust gas containing nitrogen trifluoride as a component to be treated; and contacting the exhaust gas with the exhaust gas treating agent. And the exhaust gas treating agent is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst containing a porous organic or mineral support and at least one active phase having at least one aluminum halide, at least one compound selected for quaternary ammonium halides and amine hydrohalides, and at least one cuprous compound, the support having been impregnated with the active phase, the catalyst essentially constituted by particles with an average diameter in the range 0.1 .mu.m to 150 .mu.m, and the support, before impregnation with the active phase, has a total pore volume in the range 0.1 cm.sup.3 /g and 6 cm.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: Catalytic composition comprising copper chloride, magnesium chloride and caesium chloride deposited on an alumina, which may be used in particular for the oxychlorination of ethylene into 1,2-dichloroethane. In the processes for the oxychlorination of ethylene in oxygen in a fluid bed, this catalytic composition makes it possible to obtain an excellent yield of 1,2-dichloroethane without causing the deposition of soiling material on the surface of the bundle of tubes of the heat exchanger located in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel catalyst having a stable catalytic activity for catalyzing the reaction of an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbonic acid esters (i.e., carbonate), and also the present invention relates to a method of producing carbonic acid esters using this catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention comprises a copper halide and at least one hydroxide compound selected from a group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkali earth metal hydroxides carried on a porous carrier, and also provide a process of regenerating a catalytic activity of the catalyst.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for preparing a hydrotreating catalyst having improved hydrodenitrification activity by impregnating an alumina supported Group VIB/Group VIII hydrogenating catalyst with a liquid form of a silicon compound having the general formula ##STR1## wherein U, V, W, X, Y, and Z can individually be --R, --OR, --Cl, --Br, --SiH.sub.3, --COOR, --SiH.sub.n Cl.sub.m, R being either hydrogen, or an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, alkyl aromatic, alkylcycloalkyl radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, "n" and "m" being whole numbers in the range of from 1 to 3 and "a" being a whole number in the range of from 0 to 80, in an amount sufficient to deposit from about 2 to about 8 percent by weight of the total catalyst of Si, and subsequently calcining said impregnated catalyst at a temperature ranging from about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. in an oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for preparing a supported metal catalyst based on Pd and Cu for e selective hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons comprises, in cascade, the steps of impregnating a porous support with a solution of a palladium and potassium salt, submitting the resulting solid product to a hydrogen flowing stream, impregnating the resulting solid material with a copper salt solution, submitting the resulting solid product to a flowing hydrogen stream, and drying the resulting solid product.

Abstract: Novel compositions, being effective as catalysts for alkane and/or cycloalkane isomerization, are prepared by a method which includes the steps of impregnating alumina with a sulfate of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc and magnesium, calcining the thus-obtained impregnated alumina materials, and heating the calcined materials with AlCl.sub.3 and at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon (preferably CCl.sub.4) at a temperature of about 40.degree.-90.degree. C. Preferably, this method also includes a step of treating the calcined impregnated alumina materials with gaseous hydrogen chloride before the heating with AlCl.sub.3 and the chlorinated hydrocarbon(s) is carried out.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst of the type in which a support comprising zinc aluminate is impregnated with at least one of platinum and tin from an impregnation solution, the improvement comprises simultaneously impregnating the support with the platinum and the tin by contacting the support with an impregnation solution which comprises, in solution, a tin compound, a platinum compound, and a carboxylic acid. The thus prepared catalyst can be employed in the dehydrogenation of at least one alkane containing 2-8 carbon atoms per molecule in the presence of steam.