Abstract: Lower monobasic or dibasic alcohols are produced by the following steps:a) reacting a starting material with a metallic halide (wherein the metal is in the higher of two possible valence states) to obtain a reaction product, a corresponding metallous halide (wherein the metal is in the lower of the two possible valence states) and hydrohalic acid, andb) reacting the reaction product of step (a) and hydrohalic acid with magnesium oxide to form the corresponding lower monobasic or dibasic alkanol;wherein the starting material for forming a lower monobasic alcohol is a lower alkane, from which the corresponding lower alkanol is obtained; and the starting material for forming a lower dibasic alcohol is either a lower alkanol or a lower alkene, from which the corresponding lower glycol is obtained. Two continuous fluidized-bed systems are provided for conducting the necessary reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the oxychlorination of ethylene by means of a catalyst composition comprising an alumina support impregnated with cupric chloride, magnesium chloride and a chloride of an alkali metal chosen from sodium and lithium. The oxychlorination performed in this manner makes it possible to obtain an excellent yield without the reactor being corroded by the catalyst composition employed.

Abstract: Cyclic olefin metathesis polymerization catalyst comprising metal compounds wherein said metals consist essentially of a minor amount of a transition metal which Will initiate ring-opening metathesis polymerization of a cyclic olefin and a major amount of at least one second metal which will propagate the polymerization, wherein said catalyst is essentially devoid of pyrophoric metal compounds, e.g. metal alkyls, and preformed metal carbenes. A preferred transition metal is ruthenium. Said second metal can comprise aluminum, copper, hafnium, iron (III), iridium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, rhenium, rhodium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, yttrium, a Lanthanide, zinc or zirconium or a mixture thereof. Using such catalyst cyclic olefin, e.g. norbornene derivatives, can be polymerized, e.g. in an extruder, even in the presence of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic composition for oxychlorination, as well as to a process for the oxychlorination of ethylene by means of such a catalytic composition based on copper chloride, magnesium chloride, lithium chloride and at least one other alkali metal chloride, deposited on an inert support. The oxychlorination thus carried out enables an excellent yield to be obtained without the catalytic composition sticking to the walls of the reactor and without the latter being corroded by the catalytic composition employed.

Abstract: A composition is prepared by mixing at least one aluminum halide (preferably AlCl.sub.3), at least one copper(II) salt (preferably CuCl.sub.2), calcium aluminate and at least one alcohol (preferably ethanol), shaping the mixture, and drying the shaped particles. The thus-obtained catalyst composition can be employed as a catalyst in the isomerization of alkanes and/or cycloalkanes.

Abstract: A superior catalyst for the oxychlorination of C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feeds comprises a mixture of copper chloride and alkali metal chloride, especially potassium chloride, and preferably also magnesium chloride, which mixture is deposited on an alumina support that has been thermally stabilized by integral incorporation therein of a certain class of lanthanide oxide. The use of such thermally stanle catalyst in the production of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene by oxychlorination of a C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feed results in particularly good process efficiencies in terms of long on-stream times, relatively low reactor corrosion rates, high HC1 conversion, reduced burning, and convenienty flexible selectivity to specifically desired product.

Abstract: A carrier catalyst containing copper and alkali ions on an annular carrier of surface-active material is defined by the dimensions of the carrier body and the porosity of the finished catalyst. Its total pore volume is 0.6-1.0 ml/g, pores smaller than 4 nm diameter are not present, pores of 8-20 nm diameter constitute at least 80% of the total pore volume and the remainder consists of macropores with a diameter greater than 20 nm (i.e., up to 200 nanometers). The catalyst is suitable for the production of 1,2-dichloroethane by means of the oxychlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: A catalytic composite comprising a combination of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum component, optionally a second metal component such as tin or rhenium, and a halogen component with a porous carrier support material is disclosed. The platinum, second metal (if present) and halogen components are present in the catalytic composite in amounts, calculated on an elemental basis, of about 0.2 to about 0.4 wt. percent platinum metal, about 0.2 to about 0.5 wt. percent the second metal, and 0.5 to about 1.5 wt. percent halogen. Moreover, the metallic components are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the porous carrier support material. The support material is spherical gamma alumina having a characteristic pore structure including "superpores" (200-10,000 nm or greater) interconnected with "mesopores" (5-20 nm), wherein 80% or more of the pore volume (N.sub.2) resides in pores of less than 150 .ANG..

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dihydrocarbyl carbonates comprising contacting an alkanol such as methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen with a heterogeneous catalyst which comprises a metal halide such as cupric chloride or a mixed metal halide such as cupric chloride/potassium chloride impregnated on an appropriate support such as activated carbon; and a process for reactivating metal halide catalysts supported on porous carrier materials comprising drying and then contacting the supported catalysts with a gaseous stream of hydrogen halide for a period of time which is sufficient to convert all of the metal present in whatever form to the corresponding metal halide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to active compositions, such as adsorbents and catalysts, which comprise cuprous compounds dispersed on amorphous oxide or carbon macroporous supports. The compositions are prepared by impregnating cupric compounds on pretreated supports with the aid of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt of a di- or polycarboxylic acid dispersant, such as ammonium citrate, followed by activation of the cupric compound or reduction of the cupric compound to the corresponding cuprous compound. Methods of synthesis and processes utilizing the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane, are prepared by heterogeneously oxychlorinating a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid in a fluidized bed containing admixture of (i) a catalytically effective amount of an oxychlorination catalyst, (ii) diluent particles of at least one catalytically and chemically inert solid material, and (iii) copper powder or a powdered copper compound.

Abstract: Dimethyldichlorosilane is selectively and directly synthesized by reacting methyl chloride with silicon in the presence of (.alpha.) a catalytically effective amount of metallic copper or a copper compound and a promoter (.beta.) therefor, such promoter (.beta.) comprising (.beta..sub.1) metallic tin and/or metallic anitmony or a tin and/or antimony compound, optionally, (.beta..sub.2) metallic zinc or a zinc compound, and (.beta..sub.3) at least one lanthanide compound; alternatively, the promoter (.beta.) comprises (.beta..sub.1), optionally, (.beta..sub.2), (.beta..sub.3) and (.beta..sub.4) at least one alkali metal or alkali metal compound.

Abstract: A catalyst for promoting the molecular restructuring of the components of hydrocarbons to form desired products. The catalyst comprises copper salts, copper acetate being particularly preferred, in combination with anhydrous aluminum chloride. The catalyst can be used with either gaseous hydrocarbon raw materials such as natural gas, refinery gas, biomass decomposition gases, and similar materials, or with solids, meltable solids, or liquid hydrocarbon-containing raw materials including tar sands, oil shale, waxes, asphaltic compositions and the like. In the case of gaseous raw materials, the gases are preferably brought into contact with the copper salt coated on a catalyst support such as refractory alumina, in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, which can be in vaporous form, in a continuous process.

Abstract: A superior catalyst for the oxychlorination of C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feeds comprises a mixture of copper chloride and alkali metal chloride, for instance, potassium chloride, and preferably also magnesium chloride, which mixture is deposited on an alumina support having a surface area in excess of 20 and less than 100 m.sup.2 /g. The thermal stability of such a catalyst composition can be further improved by incorporating 0.2 to 5 percent silica in the alumina support. The use of such microspheroidal catalyst in the production of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene by oxychlorination of a C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feed in a fluidized bed reactor results in particularly good process efficiencies in terms of high HCl conversion, and good flexible selectivity to specifically desired product, reduced burning and long on-stream times.

Abstract: An oxychlorination catalyst is described which is constituted by porous particles of microspheroidal, or at least microcrystalline, alumina impregnated with cupric chloride and with the chloride of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal, in which the copper and the alklai or alkaline-earth metal are uniformly distributed over the entire surface area of the particles. The method for the preparation of the catalyst is also described. The catalyst enables oxychlorination of ethylene to dichloroethane to be achieved with improved fluodynamic behavior of the fluidized catalytic bed and with improved conversions and selectivity towards the useful reaction product.

Abstract: Chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane, are prepared by heterogenously oxychlorinating a hydrocarbon with an oxygen-containing gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid in a fluidized bed containing admixture of (i) a catalytically effective amount of an oxychlorination catalyst, (ii) diluent particles of at least one catalytically and chemically inert solid material, and (iii) copper powder or a powdered copper compound.

Abstract: An oxidation catalysts/cocatalyst composition of matter is useful in oxidizing organic waste material. Use of the oxidation catalysts/cocatalyst composition causes the reaction rate to increase and causes the energy required for the reaction to decrease. A solution, including the oxidation catalysts/cocatalyst composition, and a reaction medium composition further including organic waste material are also described.

Abstract: Oxychlorination catalyst composition comprising a mixture of metallic chlorides carried on a support therefor, wherein said mixture consists essentially of cooper chloride. Also the oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane using such a catalyst composition.

Abstract: A superior catalyst for the oxychlorination of C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feeds comprises a mixture of copper chloride and alkali metal chloride, for instance, potassium chloride, and preferably also magnesium chloride, which mixture is deposited on an alumina support having a surface area in excess of 20 and less than 100 m.sup.2 /g. The thermal stability of such a catalyst composition can be further improved by incorporating 0.2 to 5 percent silica in the alumina support. The use of such microspheroidal catalyst in the production of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene by oxychlorination of a C.sub.2 hydrocarbon feed in a fluidized bed reactor results in particularly good process efficiencies in terms of high HCl conversion, and good flexible selectivity to specifically desired product, reduced burning, long on-stream times, and relatively low corrosion rates.

Abstract: Hydrocracking catalysts are disclosed which comprise specified amounts of selected inorganic oxides and specified amounts of selected metal components carried thereon. The carrier is essentially derived from solid-phase modification with specified amounts of a selected class of fluorine compounds. Mineral oils are selectively processable with high catalytic activity and at maximum yield.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid which comprises oxidizing a 2-alkyl-6-acyl naphthalene with molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing cobalt, manganese, bromine and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper and mixtures thereof in an acetic acid solvent is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of C.sub.2 H.sub.4 within a fluidized bed, said catalyst containing magnesium, from 1 to 10% by weight of Cu and a carrier consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, said carrier being impregnated, with an aqueous solution containing both CuCl.sub.2 and MgCl.sub.2, the amount of MgCl.sub.2 being such that the molar ratio: ##EQU1## as defined in the text, is at least 40% higher than the molar ratio: ##EQU2## the ratio W=X:Y being therefore .gtoreq.1.40 and the surface area of the carrier ranging between 80 and 170 sq.m/g.

Abstract: An improved Direct Reaction process which comprises reacting an organohalide with an activated silicon composition, the improvement comprising maintaining the composition of the activated silicon so that it comprises, based on the amount of silicon, 0.05-10 wt. % catalyst; an effective amount of promoter, and 0.001-0.1 wt. % tin, wherein the promoter to tin ratio is 10-250. Activated silicon compositions and methods for selecting a catalyst composition also are provided.

Abstract: A fluidizable catalyst composition is provided containing about 2% to about 8% by weight of copper (about 4% to about 17% by weight of copper salt), from about 1.0% to about 10% by weight of a rare earth metal salt(s), preferably the chloride salt(s), and from about 0.25% to about 2.3% by weight of an alkali metal salt(s), preferably the chloride salt(s), all weight percents based upon the total weight of the catalyst composition. The metals are codeposited on a fluidizable, high surface area alumina support. The weight of the alkali metal employed is not over 2.5% by weight (as the chloride) and the weight ratio of the rare earth metal salt(s) to the alkali metal salt(s) must be at least 1:1. Such catalyst compositions are extremely useful as fluid bed catalysts in the vapor phase oxychlorination reaction of ethylene, oxygen and hydrogen chloride to produce 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC).

Abstract: A catalyst useful for reforming a naphtha feed at reforming conditions which comprises an iridium component dispersed throughout and bound within an alumina support matrix, a platinum component dispersed upon said iridium-containing alumina support, and halogen. In all of its aspects, the iridium component will remain in its dispersed state, without significant agglomeration, when subjected to temperature in the presence of oxygen for extended periods sufficient to agglomerate presently known halogenated platinum-iridium catalysts. This catalyst is prepared in an initial step by dispersing the iridium within the alumina matrix, and then calcining the iridium-containing alumina at high temperature to bind the iridium within the alumina support matrix. The platinum, or platinum and additional metal promoters, especially rhenium, is then impregnated upon the iridium-alumina support.

Abstract: A molded supported catalyst which contains from 2 to 13% by weight of copper ions in the form of copper(II) chloride and/or copper oxychloride and from 0.2 to 3% by weight of alkali metal ion on a columnar carrier and has a diameter of from 4 to 7 mm and a height which is from 0.35 to 0.75 times the diameter is particularly suitable for preparing 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethylene.

Abstract: 1,2-Dichloroethane is prepared by oxychlorination of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst which contains, on a conventional carrier, copper(II) chloride in a concentration such that the amount of copper ions is from 1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, by a process in which the catalyst is obtained by impregnating the carrier with an aqueous solution which contains copper(II) chloride and hydrogen chloride in amounts such that the weight ratio of copper ions to hydrogen chloride is from 13:1 to 130:1.

Abstract: A fluidizable catalyst composition is provided containing about 2% to about 8% by weight of copper (about 4% to about 17% by weight of copper salt), from about 0.2% to about 10% by weight of a rare earth metal salt(s), preferably the chloride salt(s), and from about 0.25% to about 2.3% by weight of an alkali metal salt(s), preferably the chloride salt(s), all weight percents based upon the total weight of the catalyst composition. The metals are codeposited on a fluidizable, high surface area alumina support. The weight of the alkali metal employed is not over 2.5% by weight (as the chloride) and the weight ratio of the rare earth metal salt(s) to the alkali metal salt(s) must be at least 0.8:1. Such catalyst compositions are extremely useful as fluid bed catalysts in the vapor phase oxychlorination reaction of ethylene, oxygen and hydrogen chloride to produce 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC).

Abstract: Preparation of diesters of alkanedioic acids by reacting a dihydrocarbyl peroxide with carbon monoxide and optionally with an alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compound in the presence of a solvent, a Group VIII noble metal or a compound thereof and of a cupric salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing alcohols comprising hydrogenating compounds selected from the group consisting of acids, esters and aldehydes under sufficient hydrogen pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper chromite first component and a second component consisting essentially of copper deposited on a support.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an ester of dicarboxylic acid from an alkene, carbon monoxide. The process is catalyzed by a catalyst which comprises a platinum group metal, for example palladium, and a copper compound. To avoid catalyst deactivation the process is carried out in the presence of a dihydrocarbyl peroxide which is reduced to a hydrocarbyl alcohol under the process conditions. The process can be used, for example, to prepare succinate esters from ethylene, carbon monoxide, an alcohol and a dihydrocarbyl peroxide such as di-tertiary butyl peroxide.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminate compounds are formed by reacting transition metal compounds with crystalline hydrous alumina, such as gibbsite, bayerite, norstrandite, boehmite and the like. The crystalline hydrous alumina may be unsupported by a solid substrate or may be supported on a solid substrate or within the pores of a solid substrate, such as a macroporous resin.

Abstract: A catalyst process is disclosed for the reduction of the ignition temperature of Diesel soot filtered out of the exhaust gas of Diesel engines by passing the exhaust gas over a catalytically active substance, which is selected from lithium oxide, copper chloride, vanadium oxide/alkali metal oxide combinations, a vanadate of an alkali metal or of cerium, or a silver or alkali metal perrhenate, preferably of sodium or silver, or mixtures of these substances.

Abstract: A supported catalyst for the C.sub.2 H.sub.4 oxychlorination within a fluidized bed comprising a Cu compound in amounts corresponding to a content from 1 to 10% by weight--as Cu metal--on a carrier preferably selected from the group consisting of microspheroidal Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, microspheroidal SiO.sub.2 and microspheroidal silica-alumina, characterized in that the molar ratio (outer Me/outer Cu), as determined by means of XPS analysis, is at least 40% higher than the molar ratio: ##EQU1## wherein Me is e.g., Al, Si or Al +Si. The invention concerns a supported catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2-dichloroethane, hereinafter DCE, achieved by ethylene oxychlorination, said catalyst being used in the form of a fluidized bed.

Abstract: A grind charge of cupreous particulates containing a major proportion of cuprous and cupric oxides and a minor proportion of elemental copper, said charge having average particle size above 15 microns, is subjected to high energy comminution with concomitant crystal lattice distortion until the average particle size of said particulates is no larger than 15 microns. The resulting catalyst, of fairly high specific surface area, can be used for alkyl or aryl halosilane production.

Abstract: Improved catalyst is made by including in a grind charge of cupreous particulates a small proportion of hydrated refractory metal oxide such as hydrated alumina. Said grind charge contains a major proportion of cuprous and cupric oxides, a minor proportion of elemental copper, and up to about 10% of promoter material. Such charge is subjected to high energy comminution with concomitant crystal lattice distortion. The catalyst is useful for the production of alkyl and aryl halosilanes.

Abstract: Improved catalyst is made by including in a grind charge of cupreous particulates a small proportion of a hydroxide of Period IV metal having Atomic Number between 24 and 30, e.g. iron III oxide monohydrate. Said grind charge contains a major proportion of cuprous and cupric oxides, a minor proportion of elemental copper, and up to about 10% of promoter material. Such charge is subjected to high energy comminution with concomitant crystal lattice distortion. The catalyst is useful for the production of alkyl and aryl halosilanes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methyl methoxyacetate by the oxycarbonylation of methanol which comprises reacting methanol with carbon monoxide in the presence of a hydrogen fluoride catalyst and an oxidizing agent containing a metal salt.

Abstract: The method of this invention entails reducing the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust discharges of small internal combustion engines. The exhaust discharges are passed over an amalgamated block consisting of cuprous chloride and tricalcium silicate; the cuprous chloride serves as the active ingredient. The underlining principle is that carbon monoxide in the exhuast discharges reacts with cuprous chloride whereas an addition product is formed (CuCl.CO.H.sub.2 O). The invention also includes a housing into which the amalgamated block is situated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fixed bed catalyst for the oxychlorination of ethene, alpha olefins and aromatics. More specifically, this invention relates to a catalyst having an impeded center which excludes reactants, or prevents products from forming in the interior of the catalyst. The impeded center may be made inaccessible or it may be inert to reaction. Thin layers of high specific surface area carrier material cover the outer surface of the impeded center. An agent capable of catalyzing oxychlorination reactions is added to the layered catalytic carrier material.

Abstract: An oxychlorination catalyst contains a copper compound, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide, and the copper compound is present as a distinct phase on a support in which at least part of the magnesium oxide is in combined form with alumina.

Abstract: A fluidizable catalyst composition is provided having cupric chloride deposited on a fluidizable, modified gamma alumina support in which the support has incorporated, prior to the deposit of copper, from 0.5% to 3.0% by weight based on the weight of the support of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, or combinations thereof. Such catalyst compositions are extremely useful as the fluid bed catalyst in the vapor phase oxyhydrochlorination reaction of ethylene, oxygen and hydrogen chloride to produce 1,2-dichloroethane. The use of the catalysts results in improved EDC efficiency based on ethylene and avoids operating problems caused by stickiness of the catalyst in the fluid bed.

Abstract: An improved hydrotreating catalyst, and a process for using thereof, comprises a conventional Group VIA and Group VIIIA metal metal oxide or metal sulfide, deposited on an inorganic refractory support and about 0.1% by weight to about 7% by weight of the catalyst of a promoter comprising a halogenated metal selected from the Group consisting of halogenated metals of Group IB, IIB, IIIB, titanium and tin. The presence of the promoter results in greater degree of desulfurization and in CCR reduction of hydrocarbon feedstocks, especially highly aromatic petroleum residua and synthetically-derived hydrocarbons, e.g., coal liquids.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for use in the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethylene containing cupric chloride and, as a promotor, a combination of potassium chloride and cesium chloride, which can inhibit production of ethyl chloride by-product and has excellent selectivity to 1,2-dichloroethane and catalyst life.

Abstract: Highly active, improved ethylene oxychlorination catalysts are prepared by forming alumina having specific pore volume characteristics and impregnating such alumina with an oxychlorination catalyst such as CuCl.sub.2. The improved catalysts of the present invention utilize an alumina carrier having a pore volume distribution such that substantially no pores are present which have diameters of less than 150 .ANG.ngstroms and the total alumina carrier has a surface area of at least 30 square meters per gram.

Abstract: A method is provided for making alkylhalosilanes by effecting reaction between an alkyl halide, such as methyl chloride and powdered silicon in the presence of a copper-zinc-tin catalyst. Significant improvements in reaction rate and product selectivity are achieved when copper is employed at a critical weight percent relative to silicon and critical weight ratios of tin and zinc are employed relative to copper.