Abstract: The invention relates to cobalt carbonyl catalysts of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R is --CH(CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3).sub.2 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n OY, with n=1 to 12 and Y=H or CH.sub.3, and also a process for their preparation and their use as hydroformylation catalysts.

Abstract: A detecting agent for detecting at least one member selected from the group consisting of halogen gases and acidic gases which is contained in a gas, wherein the detecting agent comprises a discoloring component which comprises a hydroxide of a transition metal and Congo Red. Halogen gases and acidic gases which are contained in hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, or helium can be detected under a dry condition with a high sensitivity in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A composition comprises at least one inorganic oxide and an oxygen-containing metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The composition can be optionally supported on a support such as an alumina. A process for producing mercaptans comprises contacting an alcohol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of the composition under a condition sufficient to produce a mercaptan.

Abstract: A catalyst support includes substantially spherical particles of a substantially homogeneous mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of refractory inorganic oxides, refractory inorganic carbides, refractory inorganic nitrides and mixtures thereof, wherein said particles have a surface area of at least about 30 m.sup.2 /g, an average pore diameter of at least about 150 .ANG., and a particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. The support may be used in a catalyst system to support a Group IVb and a Group VIII metal in a catalyst system useful for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide into C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons. A method is also provided for preparing the catalyst support and system.

Abstract: A catalyst support includes substantially spherical particles of a substantially homogeneous mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of refractory inorganic oxides, refractory inorganic carbides, refractory inorganic nitrides and mixtures thereof, wherein said particles have a surface area of at least about 30 m.sup.2 /g, an average pore diameter of at least about 150 .ANG., and a particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. The support may be used in a catalyst system to support a Group IVb and a Group VIII metal in a catalyst system useful for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide into C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons. A method is also provided for preparing the catalyst support and system.

Abstract: The present invention is a process of hydrogenating high molecular weight aromatic polymers comprising hydrogenating the high molecular weight aromatic polymer in the presence of a silica supported metal hydrogenation catalyst, characterized in that the silica has a pore size distribution such that at least 98 percent of the pore volume is defined by pores having diameter of greater than 600 angstroms.

Abstract: A catalyst support includes substantially spherical particles of a substantially homogeneous mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of refractory inorganic oxides, refractory inorganic carbides, refractory inorganic nitrides and mixtures thereof, wherein said particles have a surface area of at least about 30 m.sup.2 /g, an average pore diameter of at least about 150 .ANG., and a particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. The support may be used in a catalyst system to support a Group IVb and a Group VIII metal in a catalyst system useful for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide into C.sub.2 + hydrocarbons. A method is also provided for preparing the catalyst support and system.

Abstract: A process for preparing a metal catalyst for the hydrogenation of oils and ats comprises causing a soluble Ni salt to react with an alkylsilane and an organic orthosilicate, so as to generate the catalyst support in Situ.

Abstract: A process for preparing a supported catalyst comprising a transition metal selected from palladium, platinum, nickel, cobalt or copper on an aerogel support, which includes the steps of providing a mixture containing an alkoxide precursor of the aerogel, a chelate complex of the transition metal with a chelating agent having Si(OR).sub.3 anchor groups, and an organic solvent in which the chelate complex is soluble; hydrolyzing the mixture by admixing it with water to form a gel; and converting the gel under supercritical conditions into the transition metal aerogel-supported catalyst. The supported catalyst has an especially homogeneous distribution of the metal component and is suitable, for example, for use as a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The inventive catalysts allow for the reduction of sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur in smokestack scrubber environments. The catalysts have a very high sulfur yield of over 90% and space velocity of 10,000 h.sup.-1. They also have the capacity to convert waste gases generated during the initial conversion into elemental sulfur. The catalysts have inexpensive components, and are inexpensive to produce. The net impact of the invention is to make this technology practically available to industrial applications.

Abstract: A catalytically active gel product is described consisting of a silica matrix which is amorphous to x-rays with uniform porosity, monomodal pore distribution and high surface area, within which one or more metal oxides possessing catalytic activity are dispersed. A process for preparing this catalytic gel is also described.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydroformylation of an olefin with H.sub.2 and CO is disclosed which includes an inorganic oxide carrier, and two or more catalytic metal components supported on the carrier, the metals of said catalytic metal components being cobalt and at least one auxiliary metal selected from rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, iridium, platinum, palladium, copper, osmium and gold. By contacting a feed of an olefin, H.sub.2 and CO with the catalyst, the olefin is converted into an aldehyde and an alcohol.

Abstract: A molded catalyst body that contains in a reduced state a metal of the ferrous group and/or copper on a support and is characterized by the following features:(a) Metal content: about 5 to about 40 weight percent, based on the total weight of the catalyst;(b) Metal-crystal size: .ltoreq.3 nm;(c) Volume of the pores with a diameter of 7.5 nm to 15 .mu.m: 0.05 to 0.9 ml/g catalyst;(d) BET surface area: 80-400 m.sup.2 /g catalyst;(e) Fracture strength: >30N (based on cylindrical molded body with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 5 mm);(f) Bulk density: 250-350 g/l.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst used in wastewater treatment process wherein not only an organic compound not containing nitrogen, sulfur or halogen is decomposed, but also a nitrogen-containing compound, a sulfur-containing compound and an organic halogeno compound are effectively decomposed, thereby wastewater are treated with excellent efficiency for a long period of time. The invention also provides a production process for the catalyst and said wastewater treatment process. The first catalyst comprises: an oxide of iron as an A component; and at least one kind of element as a B component selected from a group consisting of cobalt, nickel, cerium, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst for purifying exhaust gases of a diesel engine, said catalyst comprising at least one element selected from nickel and cobalt and optionally a copper element. Further, this invention provides a catalyst for purifying exhaust gases of a diesel engine, said catalyst comprising a refractory three-dimensional structure and deposited thereon a catalyst component comprising the above elements and a refractory inorganic oxide. These catalysts can remove harmful ingredients contained in exhaust gases of a diesel engine, such as carbonaceous fine particles, unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, etc. by burning from low temperatures and suppress sulfate formation from sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: A microporous structure with layered interstitial surface treatments, and method and apparatus for preparation thereof. The structure is prepared by sequentially subjecting a uniformly surface-treated structure (10a) to atomic oxygen treatment to remove an outer layer (16) of surface treatment to a generally uniform depth, and then surface treating the so exposed layer with another surface treating agent. The atomic oxygen/surface treatment steps may optionally be repeated, each successive time to a lesser depth, to produce a microporous structure having multilayered surface treatments. The apparatus (200) employs at least one side arm (228) from a main atomic oxygen-containing chamber (202). The side arm (228) has characteristic relaxation times such that a uniform atomic oxygen dose rate is delivered to a specimen (239) positioned transversely in the side arm (228) spaced from the main gas chamber (202).

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising MCM-36 and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component. A particular example of such a catalyst comprises MCM-36, nickel and tungsten.

Abstract: A fresh, reduced hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst is activated by contact with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures and in the presence of liquid hydrocarbons, preferably, sufficient to immerse the catalyst therein.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing organic-swelled layered silicate by direct crystallization from an alkaline reaction mixture containing a source of silicon oxide and organic onium compound, e.g., a cetyltrimethylammonium salt. Layered silicates containing interlayer polymeric chalcogenide are prepared by contacting the organic-swelled layered silicate with a source of polymeric chalcogenide, e.g., tetraethylorthosilicate.

Abstract: A method for removing cobalt values from the crude product of a cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation reaction wherein an overhead stripper-reactor reflux product is recycled to a location on the stripper-reactor which is capable of forming a stripping zone in the upper portion of the stripper-reactor and a reaction zone in the lower portion of the stripper-reactor.

Abstract: A supplementary catalyst for long term maintaining the activity of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile. Particularly, the present invention provides a supplementary catalyst for compensating for the loss of the fluidized bed catalyst caused by the volatilization of molybdenum and loss of fine particles during operation. By adopting the supplementary catalyst, the life-time of the fluidized bed catalysts for ammoxidation of propylene to produce acrylonitrile in fluidized bed reactors can be increased from 1-1.5 years to 4 or more than 4 years.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and a catalyst for the fluid bed incineration of a combustible hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with a mixture of a fluidized heat transfer media and a combustion promoter catalyst, in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas stream in excess of that required for complete combustion of the carbon monoxide formed, at feedstock combustion conditions. The combustion promoter catalyst consists essentially of particulate with a particle size of greater than 150 microns and includes a promoter metal present in an amount to provide a substantially carbon monoxide-free flue gas.

Abstract: A catalyst system is disclosed which is capable of removing calcium from a hydrocarbon feed having at least 1 ppm oil-soluble calcium. The catalyst system comprises catalyst particles, wherein such catalyst particles are in the form of mesopores (less than 1000 Angstrom in diameter), low surface area, and low hydrogenation activity, and the inclusion of Group VIII metals, in particular nickel, on a silica catalyst base.

Abstract: Catalyst supports, catalyst systems, methods for the preparation thereof, in dimerization processes therewith are provided. Catalyst supports are prepared from alkali metal carbonate, at least one low surface area silica-alumina, and a liquid. Catalyst systems comprised of at least one elemental alkali metal deposited on the catalyst support. Optionally, the catalyst system further comprises of at least one promoter.

Abstract: The hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers is effected employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a porous support wherein the porous support is characterized by a pore size distribution such that at least 95% of the pore volume is defined by pores having diameters greater than 450 angstroms and the ratio of metal surface area to carrier surface area is in the range from about 0.07-0.75:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst suitable for hydrotreating hydrocarbonaceous oils which catalyst is comprised of at least one hydrogenative-active metal component supported on a carrier material comprised of about 20 to 60 weight percent of amorphous silica-alumina and about 80 to 40 weight percent of crystalline alumina having an average crystallite size of 35 .ANG., or less.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalytic composite for decomposing fats and oils, and a heating cooker having the catalytic composite mounted therein. The catalytic composite comprises a porous sheet made of ceramic fibers and/or metal fibers, and a catalyst. The catalytic composite is capable of decomposing oil grease or stains deposited on the inner wall of a heating cooker and cooking exhausts emitted in the process of cooking by oxidation, at relatively low temperatures.

Abstract: An improved pretreatment method for preparing powdered catalysts with well controlled particle size distributions that are free of sub 1 micron particles comprising dispersion of the powdered catalyst in liquid comprised of either a) a hydrocarbon containing low levels of a surfactant or, b) a surfactant containing polar protic solvent, followed by decantation of the suspended finely divided sub 1 micron particles and repeating said sequence until essentially 90% of the sub 1 micron particles have been removed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cobalt catalysts wherein an aqueous solution of a cobalt salt is reacted with a water soluble alkali metal carbonate in the first stage. Thereafter, the mass which has been precipitated is reduced with hydrogen at a temperature between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C. to form the catalyst. In a preferred form of the invention, the raw catalyst is subjected to treatment with nitrogen gas containing a small amount of oxygen, whereby the catalyst is stabilized.

Abstract: Supported catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch processes prepared by contacting a suitable support with a catalyst in the form of a metal salt and depositing the catalyst on the support. Where rim type catalyst are preferred, a molten salt starting material is used. For non-rim type catalyst, such as powdered catalyst, solution salt starting materials may be used. The catalyst is prepared without high temperature calcination of the catalyst before reduction by reducing the salt directly on the support to the metal. During the reduction step, the heating rate is a slow single steady heating rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a catalyst suitable for the preparation of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen, wherein a cobalt compound is applied on a porous, inert carrier and the carrier is dried and calcined forming the catalyst, characterized in that the cobalt compound is cobalt nitrate, and the carrier provided with the cobalt compound is calcined in an atmosphere containing nitrogen oxide at a concentration of at least 20% by volume, not taking the water content of the atmosphere into consideration, and to a catalyst comprising agglomerates of cobalt oxide crystallites distributed over a porous, inert carrier, having an agglomerate size of about 1-10 micrometer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of catalysts wherein a catalytically effective amount of cobalt is impregnated and dispersed as a film, or layer, on the peripheral outer surface of a particulate porous inorganic oxide support, notably alumina, silica, silica-alumina and titania; particularly titania. The catalysts are prepared by spraying a bed of the fluidized particulate support particles with a liquid containing a dispersed or dissolved cobalt metal compound upon the support particles. The operation is performed at specified operating conditions.

Abstract: A single-step process for the conversion of polysaccharides to polyhydric alcohols by hydrogenation at high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst comprising (i) a supported metal selected from ruthenium, copper, nickel, cobalt and their mixtures, the metal being highly dispersed on the support so as to be capable of adsorbing more than 0.58 molecules of CO per atom of metal, and (ii) a solid having acidic functions, which may or may not be identical to the support, the solid having sufficient acid functions so that the rate constant of hydrolysis of sucrose on the catalyst is greater than 70% of the rate constant of hydrogenation of glucose on the catalyst. The process gives substantially pure polyhydric alcohols in a single step.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalytic composite for treating an exhaust gas comprising a first support which is refractory inorganic oxide having dispersed thereon at least one noble metal component and having dispersed immediately thereon an overlayer comprising at least one oxygen storage component and optionally a second support which is a refractory inorganic oxide. The first support may be selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, titania, zirconia and aluminosilicates with alumina being preferred. Additionally, the noble metal component may be selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium. The oxygen storage component is an oxide of a metal which includes cerium, iron, nickel, cobalt lanthanum, neodymium, praesodymium, etc. and mixtures thereof. Cerium oxide is a preferred oxygen storage component.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon oil which comprises a porous refractory inorganic oxide carrier component and at least one hydrogenating active metal component selected from nickel, cobalt and the like, the metal component concentration in the cross-section of the catalyst being the highest between the center of the cross-section and the periphery thereof.

Abstract: A high temperature combustion catalyst for use in a catalytic combustion type gas turbine combustor and the like, having a superior low temperature ignitionability and a superior thermal durability at a high temperature, which comprises a porous carrier layer, a catalyst component such as palladium and platinum, and first, second and third promoter components, the latter four components being carried on the porous carrier layer, in which the first promoter component includes one of rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, alkaline earth metals such as barium, strontium and calcium, and oxides thereof, in which the second promoter component includes magnesium, silicon and oxides thereof, and in which the third promotor component includes one of heavy metals such as nickel, zirconium, cobalt, iron and manganese, and oxides thereof. A method for producing this high temperature combustion catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: Lower olefinic hydrocarbons are produced from methanol in a high yield and with a high selectivity by bringing methanol into contact with a metallosilicate catalyst of the formula Si/Me wherein atomic ratio of Si/Me is 25-3200 and Me is Fe, Ni or Co at a temperature of 250.degree.-400.degree. C., a space velocity of 2000-8000 hr.sup.-1 and a pressure of atmospheric pressure -50 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalyst comprising silica/alumina or silica/alumina-containing carrier comprising 2 to 35 wt. % silica and Group VIII and/or Group VIB metals as hydrogenation active components is prepared by first step impregnation with at least one Group VIII metal and a second step impregnation with at least one Group VIB metal. Preferably the impregnation is via ion exchange using a complex salt, preferably an ammine or amine salt, of the metal. The carrier is characterized by a maximum of pores in 30 to 100 .ANG. range and a minimum of pores in 0 to 30 .ANG. and in 300 .ANG.+.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.

Abstract: Catalyst for synthesis gas conversion in which a gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a liquid hydrocarbon is prepared by subjecting cobalt or nickel on a refractory metal oxide support to an activation procedure at a temperature of from about 100.degree. to about 450.degree. C. comprising, in sequence, (A) reduction in hydrogen, (B) oxidation in an oxygen-containing gas, and (C) reduction in hydrogen.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising alumina as the major component and silica as a minor component is prepared by a process comprising sequential addition of solutions of aluminum salt and alkali metal aluminate, addition of a solution of alkali metal silicate to dispersed alumina hydrogen and heating formed alumina-silica hydrogel under dehydrating conditions. The thus prepared composition of matter, optionally promoted with at least one transition metal compound, can be used as a catalyst for hydrotreating substantially liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed streams which also contain sulfur and metal compounds as impurities.

Abstract: Synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted to a liquid hydrocarbon by contacting the synthesis gas under conversion conditions with a catalyst prepared by subjecting a cobalt carbonyl-impregnated alumina or silica support to an activation procedure at a temperature not exceeding 500.degree. C. comprising, in sequence, (A) reduction in hydrogen, (B) oxidation in an oxygen-containing gas, and (C) reduction in hydrogen.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a catalytic metal and a support, the support being prepared by depositing a metal alkoxide on a core support, then calcining the support.

Abstract: An improved oxidation catalyst, well adopted for the conversion of H.sub.2 S-containing acid gases at least in part to elemental sulfur, is facilely prepared by (i) hydrothermally treating at least a portion of an active alumina support, and (ii) then impregnating said at least partially hydrothermally treated support with a catalytically effective amount of a catalytically active oxide phase which comprises the oxides of at least one of the metals, Fe, Cu, Ag, W, Co, Ni, Bi, Cr and Cd, with the proviso (iii) that at least one rare earth oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, zirconium oxide or silica compound, or any precursor compound thereof, is incorporated into the catalyst during either of the steps (i) or (ii).

Abstract: The use of relatively stable iron carbonyl complexes e.g. Bis(dicarbonylcylopentadienyl iron), and lower melting cobalt carbonyl complexes, facilitates production of mixed metal catalysts for conversion of CO/H.sub.2 to alpha olefins. The decomposition of these materials can be achieved in a controlled manner resulting in an excellent alpha-olefin synthesis catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis processes.

Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is prepared using a solvated metal atom technique. The thus formed catalyst is active for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbons though it contains less than about 5% metal by weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of a transition metal-silicate catalyst in which an insoluble, basic compound of a transition metal having an atomic number between 26 and 30 (in particular nickel which has an atomic number of 28) is rapidly precipitated with an alkaline precipitation agent from an aqueous solution of such a metal salt, as a suspension, which precipitate is allowed to mature for a longer period in a suspended form, and, after the transition metal ions have been practically completely precipitated, soluble silicate is added to the suspension, after which the solids are separated from the liquid, optionally washed, dried and reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of a transition metal-silicate catalyst in which an insoluble, basic compound of a transition metal having an atomic number between 26 and 30 (in particular nickel which has an atomic number of 28) is rapidly precipitated with an alkaline precipitation agent from an aqueous solution of such a metal salt, as a suspension, which precipitate is allowed to mature for a longer period in a suspended form, and, after the transition metal ions have been practically completely precipitated, soluble silicate is added to the suspension, after which the solids are separated from the liquid, optionally washed, dried and reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions wherein a gel, or colloidal suspension is formed by admixing (a) a 0.6 to 10M aqueous solution containing one or more soluble salts or complexes of one or more transition metals, wherein at least one of the transition metals is reducible and hydrolyzable, and one or more elements selected from Cr, Al, Si, Th, U, the lanthanides, and elements from Groups IA and IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements, with (b) a 0.5 to 10N aqueous base solution. The solid material is separated from the resulting gel, or colloidal suspension and washed and dried.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing dual colloid catalyst compositions which are suitable for use in such processes as ammonia synthesis, carbon monoxide hydrogenation, hydrogenation and denitrogenation. The method comprises forming a gel, or suspension, by admixing: (i) one or more transition metal cyano-containing anionic-complex solutions wherein at least one solution contains a reducible transition metal, and wherein one or more of these solutions optionally contains a nonreducible metal, with (ii) one or more solutions containing polyovalent metal cations. The resulting gel, or suspension is heated at a temperature of about 90.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. for an effective amount of time to allow hydrolysis and polymerization to occur. The resulting solid is then separated and dried.