Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a support, at least one noble metal M, tin, phosphorus and at least one lanthanide group element, the content of phosphorus element being comprised between 0.4 and 1% by weight, and the content of lanthanide group element(s) being less than 1% by weight with respect to the weight of the catalyst. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of the catalyst and the use thereof in reforming.

Abstract: A catalyst for treating fuel combustion exhaust, the catalyst comprising the following components: (i) an oxide support comprising silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or combination of silicon and aluminum oxides; (ii) cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, or a combination of cerium and zirconium oxides in contact with said oxide support; and (iii) nanoparticles comprising elemental palladium or platinum in contact with at least component (ii), wherein said palladium or platinum is present in an amount of 0.1-4 wt. % by weight of the particles, and wherein surfaces of said nanoparticles of elemental palladium or palladium are exposed and accessible to said fuel combustion exhaust. Methods of producing and using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A device for catalytic conversion of NOx to 8 and/or of CO to CO2, including: a ceramic support including at least a plurality of channels; a thermal barrier made of thermal insulating material covering at least one part of the internal surface of the channels; porous SiC at least partially covering the thermal barrier such that the SiC is separated from the support by the thermal barrier; one or more conversion catalysts at least on the SiC.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst composite, methods, and systems for the treatment of exhaust gas emis-sions from a diesel engine are described. More particularly, described is an oxidation catalyst composite including a first oxidation material comprising a first refractory metal oxide support, a rare earth oxide, and palladium (Pd); a second oxidation material comprising a second refractory metal oxide, and platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a protective overlayer comprising a third refractory metal oxide, platinum (Pt) and, optionally, palladium (Pd), and a molecular sieve promoted with a metal selected from one or more of Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, V, and, Ag. The oxid-ation catalyst composite is sulfur tolerant.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst contains an oxide 1 and an oxide 2. The catalyst has pores P1-260 with a pore size of from 1 nm to 260 nm, that can be measured by the nitrogen absorption method, and the total sum ?PV1-260 of the pore volume PV1-260 of the pores is equal to or greater than 0.79 cm3/g. The oxide 1 is an oxide with an oxygen release capability. The oxide 2 is represented by LaxM1-xM?O3-? (2), where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, M? is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni and Mn, ? is the amount of oxygen deficiency, x satisfies 0?x?1, and ? satisfies 0???1.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for forming inorganic composite oxides. Such methods include combining, at a substantially constant pH of between about 5 and about 6.75 over a period of at least about 5 minutes, an acidic precursor composition and a basic composition to form a precipitate composition, wherein the acidic precursor composition comprises an alumina precursor, a ceria precursor, a zirconia precursor and optionally one or more dopant precursors; stabilizing the precipitate by increasing the pH of the precipitate composition to between about 8 and about 10; and calcining the stabilized precipitate to form an inorganic composite oxide. Also described are inorganic composite oxides formed using such methods.

Abstract: A CO slip catalyst, for treating an exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine, is disclosed. The CO slip catalyst comprises palladium and a ceria-containing material. The invention also includes a method for oxidizing excess CO in an exhaust gas, wherein the excess CO results from the periodic contact of an upstream catalyst under rich exhaust conditions. The method comprises contacting the excess CO in the exhaust gas with a CO slip catalyst at a temperature in the range of 100 to 700° C.

Abstract: A catalyzed substrate monolith 12 for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine, which catalyzed substrate monolith 12 comprising a first washcoat coating 16 and a second washcoat coating 18, wherein the first washcoat coating comprises a catalyst composition comprising at least one platinum group metal (PGM) and at least one support material for the at least one PGM, wherein at least one PGM in the first washcoat coating is liable to volatilize when the first washcoat coating is exposed to relatively extreme conditions including relatively high temperatures, wherein the second washcoat coating comprises at least one metal oxide for trapping volatilized PGM and wherein the second washcoat coating is oriented to contact exhaust gas that has contacted the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: A catalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction has a higher and longer-life catalytic activity than that of the conventional and expensive noble metal oxide catalysts, such as RuO2 and IrO2. An A-site ordered perovskite oxide catalyst (such as CaCu3Fe4O12 and CaMn3Mn4O12 etc.) as an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is excellent in cost effectiveness. The catalyst has a high catalytic activity compared with a noble metal oxide catalyst, and a long repetition use life since it is extremely stable also under the oxidative reaction conditions. Use of the catalyst is expected to the important energy conversion reactions such as a charge reaction of a metal-air battery, an anode oxygen evolution reaction in the case of a direct water decomposition reaction by sunlight, etc.

Abstract: A paste for manufacturing a photocatalyst is provided. The paste for manufacturing the photocatalyst includes an alcohol paste and a photocatalyst precursor. The photocatalyst precursor is dispersed in the alcohol paste, and the photocatalyst precursor includes a first metal precursor and a second metal precursor, wherein the first metal in the first metal precursor includes Zn, Sn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co or Ag, and the second metal in the second metal precursor includes Fe.

Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen protoxide from gas mixtures which 5 contain it, comprising contacting with a catalyst which contains mixed oxides of copper, manganese and rare earth metals in an amount expressed as percentage by weight of CuO, MnO and rare earth metal oxide in the lowest state of valency of 20-45% CuO, 50-60% MnO, and 5-20% rare earth metal oxide.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the formation of carbon-based nanostructures are generally described. In some embodiments, the nanostructures may be formed on a nanopositor. The nanopositor can comprise, in some embodiments, at least one of metal atoms in a non-zero oxidation state and metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state. For example, the nanopositor may comprise a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal chalcogenide, a metalloid chalcogenide, and the like. The carbon-based nanostructures may be grown by exposing the nanopositor, in the presence or absence of a growth substrate, to a set of conditions selected to cause formation of carbon-based nanostructures on the nanopositor. In some embodiments, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state are not reduced to a zero oxidation state during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures. In some cases, metal or metalloid atoms in a non-zero oxidation state do not form a carbide during the formation of the carbon-based nanostructures.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst having a base and a catalytic coating layer formed thereon includes an alumina support, a platinum-group metal, an iron oxide-zirconia-based composite oxide, and a lanthanoid oxide in the same catalytic coating layer.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification method by which carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx), particularly NOx, which are hazardous components contained in an exhaust gas can be removed efficiently. The disclosure relates to a catalyst for exhaust gas purification including: a three-dimensional structure; and a catalyst component layer composed of one or more constituting layers on the three-dimensional structure, wherein the catalyst component layer contains (a) a noble metal-unsupported alumina having mesopores, (b) NOx storage material-supported cerium, (c) a refractory inorganic oxide, and (d) a noble metal, and the constituting layer of the uppermost surface among the one or more constituting layers contains (a) the noble metal-unsupported alumina and (b) the NOx storage material-supported cerium, a method for producing the same, and an exhaust gas purification method using the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for production of nitric oxide from ammonia and oxygen. The catalyst has the composition A3-xBxO9-y, wherein A and B are selected from the group Mn, Co, Cr, Fe and Al, x is between 0 and 3 and y is between 0 and 6. The catalyst has a high selectivity towards nitric oxide and a low ignition temperature in the reactor. Further the present invention relates to a method for the production of gas comprising nitric oxide by the catalyst of the present invention. The produced gas has a low content of nitrous oxide.

Abstract: Methods for producing ethylene using nanowires as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The method includes, for example, an oxidative coupling of methane catalyzed by nanowires to provide ethylene.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust catalyst that exhibits higher NOX-reducing activities at the time of engine restart while maintaining its catalytic activities during normal traveling. This invention provides an exhaust cleaning catalyst comprising a substrate and a catalyst coating layer that includes CeO2. Catalyst coating layer is constituted in its thickness direction with multiple coating layers. In a top coating layer located at the outermost surface, the CeO2 content in a top coating layer's upstream portion is less than the CeO2 content in a top coating layer's downstream portion; and the CeO2 content in the top coating layer's upstream portion is less than the CeO2 content in a lower coating layer. The CeO2 content per liter of catalyst volume in the entire coating layer is 10 g/L to 30 g/L.

Abstract: Provided is an exhaust cleaning catalyst that exhibits higher NOX-reducing activities at the time of engine restart while maintaining its catalytic activities during normal traveling. This invention provides an exhaust cleaning catalyst including a substrate and a catalyst coating layer including CeO2. Catalyst coating layer is constituted in its thickness direction with multiple coating layers. In a top coating layer located at the outermost surface, the CeO2 content in a top coating layer's upstream portion is less than the CeO2 content in a top coating layer's downstream portion. In a bottom coating layer near substrate, the CeO2 content in a bottom layer's downstream portion is less than the CeO2 content in a bottom coating layer's upstream portion.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine, which oxidation catalyst comprises: a substrate; a first washcoat region comprising palladium (Pd) and a first support material comprising cerium oxide; and a second washcoat region comprising platinum (Pt) and a second support material.

Abstract: A particulate filter for use in a vehicle engine exhaust is provided which includes a catalyst containing a mixture of nickel and copper. The catalyst is impregnated into the filter substrate, which is non-reactive with nickel and copper. When used in a vehicle exhaust gas treatment system, the catalyst on the filter improves soot burn-off at low temperatures, provides improved efficiency in reducing CO and NOx emissions over the use of conventional three-way-catalyst washcoats, and provides enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and water-gas-shift (WGS) functions.

Abstract: A method of preparing a modified catalyst support comprises preparing a titanium-containing catalyst support material by (i) contacting a catalyst support material with an organic titanium compound, or (ii) co-hydrolyzing a hydrolysable organic titanium compound and Al(OR?)3, with the titanium-containing catalyst support material then including Al, wherein all R? are the same or different and are each an organic group. The titanium-containing catalyst support material is calcined at a temperature above 900° C. to obtain a modified catalyst support which includes more than 1 wt % and less than 3.5 wt % Ti, based on the mass of the catalyst support material in the modified catalyst support, the Ti being present in the form of one or more titanium compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a composition comprising Al—, Ce— and Zr-oxides, which process comprises the steps of (a) preparing an aqueous solution of a mixture of metal salts of cerium, zirconium and aluminium, which aqueous solution optionally comprises one or more salts of the Rare Earth Metals other than cerium, (b) adding to the solution obtained a base at temperatures from 0° C. to 95° C. and precipitating the mixed metal salts in the form of hydroxides or oxy-hydroxides, (d) treating the aqueous suspension obtained in step (b) with a surfactant, and (e) isolating the precipitate obtained in step (d) and treating said precipitate at a temperature from 450° C. to 1200° C., which process is characterized in that the alumina content is in the range from 35 to 80% by weight, and the surface area (BET) of the composition obtained, measured according to DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm) 66131 after calcining for 2 hours at 1100° C.

Abstract: An exhaust gas component purification catalytic material 1 for use in removal of particulates in an exhaust gas through combustion includes: composite oxide particles 2 containing zirconium and neodymium and not containing cerium; and praseodymium oxide particles 3 in contact with the composite oxide particles 2.

Abstract: An exemplary proton conductor according to the present disclosure has a perovskite-type crystal structure expressed by the compositional formula AaB1-xB?xO3-?. The A element is an alkaline-earth metal and is contained in a range of 0.4<a<0.9, where the a value represents a mole fraction of this element, and the B? element is a trivalent group 3 or group 13 element and is contained in a range of 0.2<x<0.6, where the x value represents a mole fraction of this element.

Abstract: To provide an air electrode material powder for a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising a novel LSCF powder having a highly uniform composition suitable as an air electrode material for a solid oxide fuel cell, and its production process. A composite oxide having a perovskite structure and containing lanthanum, strontium, cobalt, iron and oxide, wherein the dispersion point determined by the peak intensity [La] of the L?1 characteristic X-ray of lanthanum and the peak intensity [Sr] of the L?1 characteristic X-ray of strontium as obtained by EPMA measurement, is present within a range of the formula (1) and the dispersion point determined by the peak intensity [Co] of the K?1 characteristic X-ray of cobalt and the peak intensity [Fe] of the K?1 characteristic X-ray of iron is present within a range of the formula (2): a[La]?150?[Sr]?a[La]+150??(1) b[Co]?300?[Fe]?b[Co]+300??(2) wherein 0.2?a?1.0 and 0.1?b?4.0.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treating catalyst further improved in denitrification performance is provided. It is an exhaust gas treating catalyst containing a complex oxide represented by the general formula ABO3, where the A-site is composed of a lanthanoid (La) and barium (Ba), and the B-site is composed of iron (Fe), niobium (Nb) and palladium (Pd).

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes a Rh-containing catalyst layer provided on a base material. The Rh-containing catalyst layer includes Rh-supporting Zr-based composite oxide in which Rh6 is supported on Zr-based composite oxide containing Zr and a rare earth metal except Ce. The Rh-supporting Zr-based composite oxide has been previously subjected to a reduction treatment.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the preparation of ZPGM oxidation catalyst systems are disclosed. ZPGM catalyst systems may be employed within catalytic converters under lean hydrocarbon, air to fuel ratio condition to oxidize toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide and other hydrocarbons that may be included in exhaust gas. ZPGM oxidation catalyst systems are completely free of PGM catalyst and may include: a substrate, a washcoat, and an overcoat. Washcoat may include silver as ZPGM catalyst, and carrier material oxides. Similarly, overcoat may include at least one ZPGM catalyst, carrier material oxides and OSMs. Overcoat of the disclosed ZPGM catalyst system may include copper and cerium as ZPGM catalysts. Suitable known in the art chemical techniques, deposition methods and treatment systems may be employed in order to form the disclosed ZPGM catalyst systems.

Abstract: A palladium-only (i.e., platinum free) oxidation catalyst body is used to oxidize carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream of a diesel engine powered vehicle, which is operated at a fuel-lean air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) for much of the time it powers a vehicle. Periodically, a recent history of the temperatures of the exhaust gas at the inlet to the palladium oxidation catalyst body is prepared in a computer control module. And a recent history of the A/F of the operating engine is considered. These temperature and A/F values are then used in determining whether the engine should be temporarily operated in a fuel-rich or stoichiometric A/F mode to provide an exhaust gas composition suitable for rejuvenation of the palladium by reducing its oxide formed during lean operation of the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed here are methods of preparing zero platinum group metal catalysts systems with different support oxide material. A ZPGM catalyst system may include a substrate and a washcoat and an impregnation layer, wherein said impregnation layer may include the ZPGM pervoskite catalyst and the washcoat layer may include the support oxides material. Suitable support oxides material may include ZrO2, ZrO2 doped with lanthanide group metals, Nb2O5, Nb2O5—ZrO2, Al2O3 and Al2O3 doped with lanthanide group metals, TiO2 and doped TiO2 or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Variations of bulk powder catalyst material including Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems for ZPGM TWC applications are disclosed. The disclosed bulk powder catalyst samples include stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinels on Pr6O11—ZrO2 support oxide, prepared using incipient wetness method. Activity measurements under isothermal steady state sweep test condition may be performed under rich to lean condition. Catalytic activity of samples may be compared to analyze the influence that different binary spinel system bulk powders may have on TWC performance of ZPGM materials for a plurality of TWC applications. Stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems exhibit higher catalytic activity than non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems. The influence of prepared Cu—Mn, Cu—Fe, and Fe—Mn spinel systems may lead into cost effective manufacturing solutions for ZPGM TWC systems.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a catalyst for converting diesel type liquid hydrocarbons to methane rich gas. The catalyst includes a nickel component, a cerium oxide component, and gadolinium oxide component. The catalysts provide high conversion, selectivity, and stability compare to the state of the art commercial catalysts. The catalyst compositions can improve the overall fuel cell efficiency for both mobile and stationary fuel cell applications.

Abstract: The composition is based on zirconium oxide and at least one additive selected from zirconium oxide and at least one additive chosen from praseodymium, lanthanum or neodymium oxides, has a specific surface of at least 29 m 2/g after calcination at 1000° C. during a period of 10 hours and is obtained by a method wherein a mixture of zirconium compounds and additive is precipitated with a base; the medium thus obtained, containing a precipitate, is heated and a compound chosen from anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, polyethylene glycols, carboxylic acids and the salts thereof and surfactants such as the ethoxylates of caroboxymethyl fatty alcohols is added to the compound and the precipitate is calcinated; the composition can be used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a heavy oil includes: disposing a catalyst comprising rhodium and a support in a heavy oil environment, the heavy oil environment including a heavy oil comprising an aromatic compound; introducing hydrogen; and hydrogenating the aromatic compound with the catalyst and hydrogen to upgrade the heavy oil to upgraded oil. A method for converting an asphaltene includes: disposing a supported catalyst in a composition comprising an asphaltene, the supported catalyst being a low temperature catalyst; introducing hydrogen; and hydrogenating the asphaltene to convert the asphaltene into a hydrogenated asphaltene.

Abstract: A method of hydrogenation utilizing a reactant gas mixture comprising a carbon oxide and a hydrogen agent, and a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a mixed-metal oxide containing metal sites supported and/or incorporated into the lattice. The mixed-metal oxide comprises a perovskite, a pyrochlore, a fluorite, a brownmillerite, or mixtures thereof doped at the A-site or the B-site. The metal site may comprise a deposited metal, where the deposited metal is a transition metal, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or mixtures thereof. Contact between the carbon oxide, hydrogen agent, and hydrogenation catalyst under appropriate conditions of temperature, pressure and gas flow rate generate a hydrogenation reaction and produce a hydrogenated product made up of carbon from the carbon oxide and some portion of the hydrogen agent. The carbon oxide may be CO, CO2, or mixtures thereof and the hydrogen agent may be H2.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. The concentration of hydrocarbons which flows into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude of a 200 ppm or more and within a predetermined range of period of 5 second or less, whereby the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas is reduced at the exhaust purification catalyst (13). At this time, the nitrogen-containing intermediate which is produced in the NOx reduction process is exhausted from the exhaust purification catalyst (13). An intermediate purification catalyst (14) for removal of the exhausted nitrogen-containing intermediate is arranged downstream of the exhaust purification catalyst (13).

Abstract: Nanomaterial preparation methods, compositions, and articles are disclosed and claimed. Such methods can provide nanomaterials with improved morphologies relative to previous methods. Such materials are useful in electronic applications.

Abstract: Rapid, reversible redox activity may be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, as low as about 200° C., from epitaxially stabilized, oxygen vacancy ordered SrCoO2.5 and thermodynamically unfavorable perovskite SrCoO3-?. The fast, low temperature redox activity in SrCoO3-? may be attributed to a small Gibbs free energy difference between the two topotactic phases. Epitaxially stabilized thin films of strontium cobaltite provide a catalyst adapted to rapidly transition between oxidation states at substantially low temperatures. Methods of transitioning a strontium cobaltite catalyst from a first oxidation state to a second oxidation state are described.

Abstract: The composition according to the invention includes a perovskite of the formula LaMO3, where M is at least one element selected from among iron, aluminium or manganese, in the form of particles dispersed on an alumina or aluminium oxyhydroxide substrate, characterized in that after calcination at 700° C. for 4 hours, the perovskite is in the form of a pure crystallographic phase, and in that the size of the perovskite particles does not exceed 15 nm. The composition according to the invention can be used in the field of catalysis.

Abstract: Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of catalysts, and more specifically to nanoparticle catalysts. Materials with high porosity which contain nanoparticles can be created by various methods, such as sol-gel synthesis. The invention provides catalytic materials with very high catalytically active surface area, and methods of making and using the same. Applications include, but are not limited to, catalytic converters for treatment of automotive engine exhaust.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diesel oxidation catalyst comprising a carrier substrate, and a first washcoat layer disposed on the substrate, the first washcoat layer comprising palladium supported on a support material comprising a metal oxide, gold supported on a support material comprising a metal oxide, and a ceria comprising compound, as well as a process for the preparation of such catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coated particle filter (3), in particular wall-flow filter, having a length (L). According to the invention, at least two zones (4, 5) which have different coatings are provided along the length (L). The invention also relates to a catalytic converter (2), wherein the catalytic converter (2) is formed with a coating which has a washcoat coating layer as a lower coating layer, onto which palladium is deposited. The invention finally relates to a device (1) for the purification of exhaust gases, in particular exhaust gases of diesel-engined motor vehicles, comprising a catalytic converter (2) and a coated particle filter (3) of length (L) positioned downstream of the catalytic converter (2), wherein the particle filter (3) and the catalytic converter (2) are designed in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a catalyst composition for exhaust gas purification, which is superior in purification performance for nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in exhaust gas to be discharged from an internal combustion engine of a gasoline vehicle or the like; and an catalyst for exhaust gas purification for automobiles. The present invention is a catalyst composition for exhaust gas purification for purifying nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas, which includes a catalyst composition wherein rhodium is supported, together with an ?-alumina particle, on a zirconia-type base material, characterized in that average particle size of the ?-alumina particle is 10 nm to 1 ?m, and also is smaller than average particle size of the zirconia (ZrO2)-type base material.

Abstract: A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X1O).(X2O)a.(X3YbO4) wherein X1, X2 and X3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element.

Abstract: Novel photocatalytic devices are disclosed, that utilize ultrathin titania based photocatalytic materials formed on optical elements with high transmissivity, high reflectivity or scattering characteristics, or on high surface area or high porosity open cell materials. The disclosure includes methods to fabricate such devices, including MOCVD and ALD. The disclosure also includes photocatalytic systems that are either standalone or combined with general illumination (lighting) utility, and which may incorporate passive fluid exchange, user configurable photocatalytic optical elements, photocatalytic illumination achieved either by the general illumination light source, dedicated blue or UV light sources, or combinations thereof, and operating methodologies for combined photocatalytic and lighting systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are three-way catalysts that are able to simultaneously convert nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons in exhaust gas emissions into less toxic compounds. Also disclosed are three-way catalyst formulations comprising palladium (Pd)-containing oxygen storage materials. In some embodiments, the three-way catalyst formulations of the invention do not contain rhodium. Further disclosed are improved methods for making Pd-containing oxygen storage materials. The relates to methods of making and using three-way catalyst formulations of the invention.

Abstract: A method for continuously preparing a metal oxides catalyst comprises the following steps: dissolving metal materials using nitric acid solution to produce a metal nitrate solution, and also to produce NOx and water vapor; hydrolyzing the metal nitrate solution by introducing pressurized superheated water vapor into the metal nitrate solution to obtain a slurry of the hydrates of metal oxides as well as acidic gas, the main components of the acidic gas are NO2, NO, O2 and water vapor; filtrating and drying the slurry to obtain the hydrates of metal oxides and/or metal oxides; and then utilizing the obtained hydrates of metal oxides and/or metal oxides as raw materials and preparing the metal oxides catalyst by the conventional method for preparing a catalyst. The NOx gas produced can be absorbed to produce nitric acid which can be reused.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxide film composed of an oxide having a perovskite crystal structure. The oxide is represented by a chemical formula A1-x(E1-yGy)Oz. A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca. E represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, In, Ga, and Al. G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, and Gd. All of the following five mathematical formulae are satisfied: 0.2?x?0.5, 0.1?y?0.7, z<3, 0.3890 nanometers?a?0.4190 nanometers, 0.95?a/c<0.98. Each of a, b and c represents a lattice constant of the perovskite crystal structure. Either the following mathematical formula is satisfied: a?b<c or a<b?c.