Abstract: The invention is a heteropoly acid compound catalyst composition, a method of making the catalyst composition and a process for the oxidation of saturated and/or unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated carboxylic acids using the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition is a heteropoly acid compound containing molybdenum, vanadium, phosphorus, cesium, bismuth, copper and antimony. Thermal stability is achieved with higher cesium content (up to less than 3.0) but antimony, copper and bismuth must be present to maintain good activity. The catalyst is made by dissolving compounds of the components of each of the heteropoly acid compounds in a solution, precipitating the heteropoly acid compounds, obtaining a catalyst precursor and calcining the catalyst precursor to form a heteropoly acid compound catalyst. Unsaturated aldehydes, such as methacrolein, may be oxidized in the presence of the heteropoly acid compound catalyst to produce an unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as methacrylic acid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for contacting of a crude feed with one or more catalysts to produce a total product that includes a crude product are described. The crude product is a liquid mixture at 25° C. and 0.101 MPa. The crude product has an MCR content of at most 90% of the MCR content of the crude feed. One or more other properties of the crude product may be changed by at least 10% relative to the respective properties of the crude feed.

Abstract: A composite material includes an aggregate which contains a first metal particle constituting a core and second metal oxide particulates surrounding the first metal particle and having an average primary particle diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: Coated catalysts comprising a catalytically active multimetal oxide comprising molybdenum. The coated catalyst comprises a support body, a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a molybdenum oxide or a precursor compound which forms molybdenum oxide. The second layer comprises a multimetal oxide comprising molybdenum and at least one further metal.

Abstract: Ceria-coated aerogels can include an aerogel support material having a stabilized ceria coating thereon. The ceria coating can be formed by solution or vapor deposition of alcogels or aerogels. Additional catalytic metal species can also be incorporated into the coating to form multi-metallic compounds having improved catalytic activity. Further, the ceria coated aerogels retain high surface areas at elevated temperatures. Thus, improvements in catalytic activity and thermal stability can be achieved using these ceria-coated composite aerogels.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon oil-impregnated composition that comprises a support material having incorporated therein a metal component and impregnated with a hydrocarbon oil. The hydrocarbon oil-impregnated composition is useful in the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feedstocks, and it is especially useful in applications involving delayed feed introduction whereby the hydrocarbon oil-impregnated composition is first treated with hot hydrogen, and, optionally, a sulfur compound, prior to contacting it with a hydrocarbon feedstock under hydrodesulfurization process conditions.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide: a catalyst for production of acrylic acid which is a catalyst usable for production of acrylic acid and is excellent in the catalytic performances such as catalytic activity and in the physical properties such as physical strength of the catalyst itself; and a process for production of acrylic acid using this catalyst. As a means of achieving this object, a catalyst for production of acrylic acid according to the present invention is a catalyst obtained by drying a mixed liquid of starting materials including molybdenum and vanadium as essential components to give a dried material, molding the dried material with a liquid binder, and calcining the resultant molding, with the catalyst being characterized in that an ignition loss ratio of the dried material is from 5 to 40% by mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a complex oxide catalyst of Bi/Mo/Fe and an oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene in the presence of a catalyst herein. A catalyst of the present invention is superior to the conventional Bi/Mo catalyst in thermal and mechanical stabilities, conversion and selectivity toward 1,3-butadiene, while showing a long-term catalytic activity.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to the ultrasmall MOx nanoparticles that are made in a solvothermal method using water soluble inorganic ammonium salt precursors of the MOx and organic amines, and slow heating to generate uniform ultrasmall MOx nanoparticles of 5 nm or less, as well as methods to make and use same.

Abstract: A process for producing a ringlike oxidic shaped body by mechanically compacting a pulverulent aggregate introduced into the fill chamber of a die, wherein the outer face of the resulting compact corresponds to that of a frustocone.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon fiber, comprising a step of dissolving or dispersing [I] a compound containing Co element; [II] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, and Mn; and [III] a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of W and Mo in a solvent to obtain a solution or a fluid dispersion, a step of impregnating a particulate carrier with the solution or the fluid dispersion to prepare a catalyst, and a step of bringing a carbon source into contact with the catalyst in a vapor phase.

Abstract: Method of contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst that includes one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and a support. The support comprises from 0.01 grams to 0.2 gram of silica and from 0.80 grams to 0.99 grams of alumina per gram of support. The catalyst has a surface area of at least 340 m2/g, a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter of at most 100 ?, and at least 80% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 300 ? or the catalyst exhibits one or more peaks between 35 degrees and 70 degrees, and at least one of the peaks has a base width of at least 10 degrees, as determined by x-ray diffraction at 2-theta.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cobalt and molybdenum doped mesoporous silica catalysts and methods for using the catalysts to making Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. The methods offer increased control over the orientation, length and diameter of the nanotubes produced.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing a complex oxide catalyst which exhibits superior catalytic activity in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction, particularly in production of unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process is characterized by the steps of preparing an aqueous slurry by mixing a complex oxide containing molybdenum and cobalt with an acid and water; drying the aqueous slurry; and calcining the resulting dried solid. Preferably, the complex oxide is obtained as follows: a molybdenum- and cobalt-containing complex oxide catalyst which has been used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation reaction is mixed with an aqueous extracting solution obtained by dissolving at least one of ammonia and an organic base in water, to thereby extract molybdenum and cobalt into the aqueous phase; and the aqueous phase is dried and is then calcined under an atmosphere of an oxidizing gas.

Abstract: A method of converting at least one first alkane to a mixture of at least one low molecular weight alkane (optionally also including additional lower and/or higher molecular weight alkanes) and at least one high molecular weight alkane, comprises: reacting a first alkane in the presence of dual catalyst system comprising a first catalyst (i.e., a hydrogen transfer catalyst) and a second catalyst (i.e., a metathesis catalyst) to produce a mixture of low and high molecular weight alkanes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is fine particles of core-shell structure, each particle being composed of a core particle which is formed from a first material and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure and a shell layer which is formed from a second material differing from the first material on the surface of the core particle and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure, the fine particles containing particles which are multiply twinned fine particles and are surrounded by the {111} crystal plane.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst exhibiting excellent performance particularly in partial oxidation reaction. Another object is to provide a method for efficiently producing carboxylic acid or carboxylic anhydride through vapor-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst contains (1) diamond; (2) at least one species selected from among Group 5 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide A; and (3) at least one species selected from among Group 4 transition element oxides, collectively called oxide B. The method for producing a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic anhydride includes subjecting an organic compound to vapor phase partial oxidation by use of an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst, wherein the organic compound is an aromatic compound having one or more substituents in a molecule thereof, the substituents each including a carbon atom bonded to an aromatic ring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a catalyst for producing biodiesel, including a carrier having water resistance and an active component supported on the carrier and used in a hydrotreating reaction or a decarboxylation reaction. Since the catalyst for producing biodiesel includes a carrier having strong water resistance, the deactivation of the catalyst due to the water produced through a process of producing HBD can be prevented, thus remarkably improving the long term stability of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of producing a crude product from a hydrocarbon feed is provided. A hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a catalyst containing a Col. 6-10 metal or compound thereof to produce the crude product, where the catalyst has a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter ranging from 105 ? to 150 ?, with 60% of the total number of pores in the pore size distribution having a pore diameter within 60 ? of the median pore diameter, with at least 50% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 600 ?, and between 5% and 25% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter between 1000 ? and 5000 ?.

Abstract: Provided a compound catalyst allowing for substitution of a rare noble metal such as platinum, palladium and the like or reduction of costs associated with the use thereof. According to the present invention, the oxidation-reduction characteristics thereof may be controlled and catalytic effects similar to those of a noble metal or a transition metal complex may be exhibited by controlling the valence electron concentration of a compound to change the electronic occupation number of the d-band and maintaining the electronic state at the Fermi level of the electronic state identical to a noble metal or a transition metal complex.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in the production of an unsaturated aldehyde and/or an unsaturated carboxylic acid, the catalyst comparing (or, preferably, being composed of) a mixed oxide containing molybdenum, bismuth and iron, which has improved mechanical strength, is produced by a method including the steps of (1) drying an aqueous solution or an aqueous slurry containing raw materials of the catalyst and then firstly calcining a dried product in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere to obtain a calcined product; (2) heating the calcined product obtained in Step (1) in the presence of a reducing material to obtain a reduced product having a mass loss of 0.05 to 6%; and (3) secondly calcining the reduced product obtained in Step (2) in a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for treating a catalyst base that comprises a contact area of porous material. A fluid, such as a flue gas stream, can be conducted along the contact area. A catalytically relevant substance is introduced into pores of the catalyst base using a transport fluid and remains on pore wall areas after removal of the transport fluid. The introduction is carried out such that an amount of the catalytically relevant substance relative to the surface remains on the pore wall areas as a function of location within the pore and decreases within the pore after exceeding a specific pore depth. A blocking fluid can first be introduced into pore regions beyond the specific pore depth, thus blocking these regions when transport fluid containing the catalytically relevant substance is introduced.

Abstract: A layered heterostructured coating has functional characteristics that enable the controlled release of volatile agents. The coating has photocatalytic properties, since it uses titanium dioxide, its derivatives or materials with similar photocatalytic properties (2), which upon solar irradiation open and/or degrade nano or microcapsules (3) and subsequently releases in a controlled form the volatile agents contained in them.

Abstract: A catalyst including active particles that have a core including a first metal oxide, and a shell including an alloy of a second metal with a reduction product of the first metal oxide; a method of preparing the catalyst; a fuel cell including the catalyst; an electrode for lithium air battery that includes the active particles; and a lithium air battery including the electrode.

Abstract: A CO2 reforming catalyst composition includes a hydroxyl group-containing porous oxide, and a composite porous catalyst supported by a porous supporter. The composite porous catalyst includes a catalyst metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a urethane-forming reaction catalyst which is useful for catalyzing a reaction between an isocyanate compound, in particular, an aliphatic isocyanate and a hydroxyl group-containing compound to form a urethane material, which does not affect the performance of the urethane material, and which can be easily removed from the resulting urethane material, and a method for producing a metal compound-free urethane material using the urethane-forming reaction catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is a urethane-forming reaction catalyst for producing a urethane material by allowing a hydroxyl group-containing compound to react with an isocyanate compound, the catalyst being at least one solid acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of a (A) composite metal oxide in which a metal oxide (A-2) or a non-metal compound (A-3) is carried on a surface of a metal oxide carrier (A-1), (B) zeolite, and a (C) heteropoly acid.

Abstract: According to at least one aspect of the present invention, a urea-resistant catalytic unit is provided. In at least one embodiment, the catalytic unit includes a catalyst having a catalyst surface, and a urea-resistant coating in contact with at least a portion of the catalyst surface, wherein the urea-resistant coating effectively reduces urea-induced deactivation of the catalyst. In at least another embodiment, the urea-resistant coating includes at least one oxide from the group consisting of titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium oxide, molybdenum oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, sulfur oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, yttrium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Presented are one or more aspects and/or one or more embodiments of catalysts, methods of preparation of catalyst, methods of deoxygenation, and methods of fuel production.

Abstract: An eggshell catalyst useful for a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis or other reactions comprises a homogeneously dispersed transition metal and a promoter situated in an active phase in a precisely selected outer region of a catalyst pellet. The active phase region is controlled to a specific depth, which permits the control of the catalysts selectivity, for example, the size of the hydrocarbon chains formed in the FT process. A method of preparing these eggshell catalysts involves a non-aqueous synthesis where polar and non-polar solvents of relatively low vapor pressure are employed to define the depth of penetration of metal species in a refractory oxide substrate, which is followed by fixing and activating metallic catalytic species in the structure by calcination of the catalyst particles.

Abstract: A catalyst for converting methane to aromatic hydrocarbons is described herein. The catalyst comprises an active metal or a compound thereof, and an inorganic oxide support wherein the active metal is added to the support in the form of metal oxalate. The metal oxalate-derived catalyst exhibits superior performance in the conversion of methane-rich feed to aromatics products relative to catalysts prepared from non-oxalate metal precursors. A method of making the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst that includes one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Column 6 of the Periodic Table and a support. The support comprises from 0.01 grams to 0.2 gram of silica and from 0.80 grams to 0.99 grams of alumina per gram of support. The catalyst has a surface area of at least 315 m2/g, a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter of at most 100 ?, and at least 80% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 300 ?. The catalyst exhibits one or more peaks between 35 degrees and 70 degrees, and at least one of the peaks has a base width of at least 10 degrees, as determined by x-ray diffraction at 2-theta. Methods of preparation of such catalyst are described herein. Methods of contacting a hydrocarbon feed with hydrogen in the presence of such catalyst to produce a crude product. Uses of crude products obtained. The crude product composition is also described herein.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprising a surface, with a metal oxide integrally synthesized and providing a coating on the surface of the interstitial metal hydride. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur and nitrogen reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an active catalyst component comprising a surface, and a metal oxide film coated on the surface of the active catalyst component. The catalysts and processes of the present invention can improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as improved resistance to catalytic deactivation due to sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Abstract: A catalyst composition includes a catalytic metal secured to a porous substrate. The substrate has pores that are templated. The catalyst composition is prepared by a process that includes the steps of mixing a catalytic metal salt, a templating agent, and water to form a mixture, adding a substrate precursor to the mixture to form a slurry, and calcining the slurry to form a substrate having a porous template that is capable of supporting the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer catalyst for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons in gaseous phase, comprising a monolithic ceramic or metallic substrate having a solid macroporous structure consisting of one or more structures, on which a first active layer with a crystal-line perovskitic structure is deposited, having general formula AxA? 1-xByB? 1-YO3±? wherein: A is a cation of at least one of the rare earth elements, A? is a cation of at least one element selected from groups Ia, IIa and VIa of the periodic table of elements, B is a cation of at least one element selected from groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb, or VIII of the periodic table of elements, B? is a cation of at least one element selected from groups IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb or VIII of the periodic table of elements Mg2+ or Al3+, x is a number which is such that 0?x?1, y is a number which is such that 0?y?1, and ? is a number which is such that 0???0, 5, a second more external active layer consisting of a dispersion of a noble metal and a possible s

Abstract: In one aspect, structural catalyst bodies comprising one or more gradients of catalytic material are provided herein. In some embodiments, a structural catalyst body described herein comprises an inner partition wall having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the inner partition wall having a gradient of catalytic material along the width of the inner partition wall.

Abstract: A method for treating a catalyst base that comprises a contact area of porous material. A fluid, such as a flue gas stream, can be conducted along the contact area. A catalytically relevant substance is introduced into pores of the catalyst base using a transport fluid and remains on pore wall areas after removal of the transport fluid. The introduction is carried out such that an amount of the catalytically relevant substance relative to the surface remains on the pore wall areas as a function of location within the pore and decreases within the pore after exceeding a specific pore depth. A blocking fluid can first be introduced into pore regions beyond the specific pore depth, thus blocking these regions when transport fluid containing the catalytically relevant substance is introduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is fine particles of core-shell structure, each particle being composed of a core particle which is formed from a first material and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure and a shell layer which is formed from a second material differing from the first material on the surface of the core particle and has the face-centered cubic crystal structure, the fine particles containing particles which are multiply twinned fine particles and are surrounded by the {111} crystal plane.

Abstract: A dehydrogenation catalyst is described comprising an iron oxide, an alkali metal or compound thereof, and silver or a compound thereof. Further a process is described for preparing a dehydrogenation catalyst that comprises preparing a mixture of iron oxide, an alkali metal or compound thereof, and silver or a compound thereof and calcining the mixture. A process for dehydrogenating a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon and a process for polymerizing the dehydrogenated hydrocarbon are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a heteropoly acid catalyst used for the production of methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methacrolein, more precisely a method of preparing a heteropoly acid catalyst comprising the steps of preparing a slurry by adding metal precursors and ammonium salt to protonic acid Keggin-type heteropoly acid aqueous solution and stirring thereof; and drying, molding and firing the slurry to give a catalyst. The present invention provides a method of preparing a heteropoly acid catalyst exhibiting high methacrolein conversion rate and methacrylic acid selectivity without pre-firing process by using high purity protonic acid Keggin-type heteropoly acid and ammonium salt.

Abstract: A catalyst and a method of preparation of said catalyst is described herein. The catalyst includes one or more metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table and/or one or more compounds of one or more metals from Columns 6-10 of the Periodic Table, a pore size distribution with a median pore diameter ranging from 105 ? to 150 ?, with 60% of the total number of pores in the pore size distribution having a pore diameter within 60 ? of the median pore diameter, with at least 50% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter of at most 600 ?, and between 5% and 25% of its pore volume in pores having a pore diameter between 1000 ? and 5000 ?. Methods of producing said catalyst are described herein. Crude products and products made from said crude products are described herein.

Abstract: A method and system for the reduction of pollutant NOx gases from automobile exhaust, as well as a method of reforming hydrocarbons, using a self-sustaining catalyst comprising an ion conductive support, a dispersed cathodic phase, a dispersed anodic phase, and a dispersed sacrificial phase, and a method of forming the self-sustaining catalyst.

Abstract: A supported catalyst with a solid sphere structure of the present invention includes an oxide supporting body and a metal such as Ni, Co, Fe, or a combination thereof distributed on the surface and inside of the supporting body. The supported catalyst with a solid sphere structure can maintain a spherical shape during heat treatment and can be used with a floating bed reactor due to the solid sphere structure thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst system for generating at least one polyol from a feedstock comprising saccharide is disclosed. Generating the polyol involves, contacting hydrogen, water, and a feedstock comprising saccharide, with a catalyst system to generate an effluent stream comprising at least one polyol and recovering the polyol from the effluent stream. The catalyst system comprises at least one metal component with an oxidation state greater than or equal to 2+.

Abstract: The cathode catalyst includes a zeolite-containing carrier, and a ruthenium (Ru)-M-tellurium (Te) alloy supported on the carrier, where M is selected from the group consisting of tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), and combinations thereof. The cathode catalyst has a high activity and selectivity for a reduction reaction of an oxidant, and is highly stable under an acidic atmosphere thereby being capable of improving performances of a membrane-electrode assembly and fuel cell system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heteropoly acid catalyst which is used for the production of methacrylic acid by gas phase oxidation of methacrolein and a preparing method thereof. The present invention, thereby, provides a novel heteropoly acid catalyst having excellent methacrolein conversion rate, methacrylic acid selectivity and yield.

Abstract: The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a substrate provided with one or more through-holes through which exhaust gas flows, and a catalyst layer which is supported by the substrate and contains precious metals and an oxygen storage material. The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst contains a first part to which the exhaust gas is supplied, and a second part to which the exhaust gas having passed through the first part is supplied and is smaller in the content of the oxygen storage material per unit volume than that of the first part.

Abstract: The present invention provides a urethane-forming reaction catalyst which is useful for catalyzing a reaction between an isocyanate compound, in particular, an aliphatic isocyanate and a hydroxyl group-containing compound to form a urethane material, which does not affect the performance of the urethane material, and which can be easily removed from the resulting urethane material, and a method for producing a metal compound-free urethane material using the urethane-forming reaction catalyst. The catalyst of the present invention is a urethane-forming reaction catalyst for producing a urethane material by allowing a hydroxyl group-containing compound to react with an isocyanate compound, the catalyst being at least one solid acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of a (A) composite metal oxide in which a metal oxide (A-2) or a non-metal compound (A-3) is carried on a surface of a metal oxide carrier (A-1), (B) zeolite, and a (C) heteropoly acid.

Abstract: A method of producing de-alloyed nanoparticles. In an embodiment, the method comprises admixing metal precursors, freeze-drying, annealing, and de-alloying the nanoparticles in situ. Further, in an embodiment de-alloyed nanoparticle formed by the method, wherein the nanoparticle further comprises a core-shell arrangement. The nanoparticle is suitable for electrocatalytic processes and devices.

Abstract: The ammonia decomposition catalyst of the present invention is a catalyst for decomposing ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen, including a catalytically active component containing at least one kind of transition metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel, preferably including: (I) a catalytically active component containing: at least one kind selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; (II) a catalytically active component containing a nitride of at least one kind of transition metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel; or (III) a catalytically active component containing at least one kind of iron group metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel, and at least one metal oxide, thereby making it possible to effectively decompose ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen at relatively low temperatures and at