Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of water treatment/fluoride removal and to materials/devices useful in such processes. Specifically, the invention provides for hybrid materials comprising amyloid fibrils and ZrO2; and to composite materials further comprising a support material. The invention further provides for the treatment of water using such hybrid or composite materials.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst for unsaturated carboxylic acid synthesis is proposed. The method includes: obtaining a dried product by drying and heat-treating a starting material mixed liquid in which supply source compounds of respective catalyst component elements are integrated; and forming a catalyst precursor by supporting powder to be supported on a carrier in the form of a particle aggregate. The powder to be supported is either the dried product or obtained from the dried product. The method further includes calcining the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst. The mass loss rate of the powder to be supported at 300° C. is less than 5 percent by mass, and the difference between the mass loss rate of the powder at 370° C. and the mass loss rate of the powder at 300° C. is not less than 1 percent by mass and not more than 6 percent by mass.

Abstract: A catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction containing catalyst particles having a shell-core structure containing a PtCo alloy or a PtCoMn alloy as a core, and platinum as a shell layer. A specific plane of a face-centered cubic lattice is formed by a plurality of platinum atoms contained in the shell layer, and a lattice constant of the plane of the face-centered cubic lattice on the catalyst particle surface is 3.70 ? or more and 4.05 ? or less (in a PtCo alloy), or 3.870 ? or more and 4.10 ? or less (in a PtCoMn alloy). A catalyst design method includes a step of calculating, with respect to an orientation plane such as the plane formed by platinum atoms of the shell layer, adsorption energies for an oxygen molecule, an OH group and a water molecule by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a barium niobate-based cubic perovskite structure where, Mg and Ca has been used to dope the niobium sites along with Fe, Ni, Co, Y, and Pr.

Abstract: A method for ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of introducing an ammonia stream to a reactor, wherein the ammonia stream comprises ammonia, wherein the reactor comprises a cobalt-based catalyst, the cobalt-based catalyst comprising 15 wt % and 70 wt % of cobalt, 5 wt % and 45 wt % of cerium, and 0.4 wt % and 0.5 wt % barium, wherein a remainder of weight of the cobalt-based catalyst is oxygen; contacting the ammonia in the ammonia stream with the cobalt-based catalyst, wherein the cobalt-based catalyst is operable to catalyze an ammonia decomposition reaction; catalyzing the ammonia decomposition reaction to cause the ammonia decomposition in the presence of the cobalt-based catalyst to produce hydrogen; and withdrawing a product stream from the reactor, the product stream comprising hydrogen.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst particles for treating vehicle exhaust gas, containing semiconductor nanoparticles supported by noble metals.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrotreating catalyst for a heavy hydrocarbon oil, the catalyst including an inorganic oxide carrier including alumina as a main component and a metal component supported on the inorganic oxide carrier, the catalyst having a specific surface area within a predetermined range, a reduction peak temperature that is lower than 450° C. in temperature-programmed reduction measurement of the catalyst and that is higher than or equal to a predetermined temperature, and an amount of nitrogen monoxide adsorbed on the sulfided catalyst within a predetermined range.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a calcium salts-supported metal catalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a method for the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates using the same. The catalyst, in which a metal catalyst is supported on a carrier of a calcium salt, for example, calcium carbonate, has the effect of increasing the efficiency of hydrodeoxygenation reaction of oxygenates.

Abstract: A method for ammonia decomposition to produce hydrogen, the method comprising the steps of introducing an ammonia stream to a reactor, wherein the ammonia stream comprises ammonia, wherein the reactor comprises a cobalt-based catalyst, the cobalt-based catalyst comprising 15 wt % and 70 wt % of cobalt, 5 wt % and 45 wt % of cerium, and 0.4 wt % and 0.5 wt % barium, wherein a remainder of weight of the cobalt-based catalyst is oxygen; contacting the ammonia in the ammonia stream with the cobalt-based catalyst, wherein the cobalt-based catalyst is operable to catalyze an ammonia decomposition reaction; catalyzing the ammonia decomposition reaction to cause the ammonia decomposition in the presence of the cobalt-based catalyst to produce hydrogen; and withdrawing a product stream from the reactor, the product stream comprising hydrogen.

Abstract: Supported chromium catalysts containing a solid oxide and 0.1 to 15 wt. % chromium, in which the solid oxide or the supported chromium catalyst has a particle size span from 0.5 to 1.4, less than 3 wt. % has a particle size greater than 100 ?m, and less than 10 wt. % has a particle size less than 10 ?m, can be contacted with an olefin monomer in a loop slurry reactor to produce an olefin polymer. Representative ethylene-based polymers produced using the chromium catalysts have a HLMI of 4 to 70 g/10 min, a density from 0.93 to 0.96 g/cm3, from 150 to 680 ppm solid oxide (such as silica), from 1.5 to 6.8 ppm chromium, and a film gel count of less than 15 catalyst particle gels per ft2 of 25 micron thick film and/or a gel count of less than or equal to 50 catalyst particles of greater than 100 ?m per five grams of the ethylene polymer.

Abstract: A simplified and efficient method for preparing non-noble metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) based on nitrogen containing metal organic framework (MOF) is provided. The method includes formation of a first MOF product through a mechano-chemical reaction between a first transition metal compound and a first organic ligand in the presence of a catalyst. It further includes formation of a second MOF product incorporating a second transition metal and a second organic ligand into the first-MOF product. The second MOF product is converted into an electrocatalyst via pyrolysis, and optionally post-treatment. The electrocatalysts are applicable in various electrochemical systems, including oxygen depolarized cathodes (ODC) for chlorine evolution.

Abstract: Photocatalytic materials with a composite photocatalyst of a metal oxide impregnated with elemental metal particles, can be embedded into a hydrophilic polymer having pores with diameters of less than 2 nm, to provide a useful water remediation and/or purification product. The metal oxide may be WO3, CeO2, Bi2O3, NiO, TiO2, and/or ZnO, and the elemental metal particles, impregnated or compounded into the metal oxide, may be Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Ce, Mn, Mo, V, Bi, Sn, W, Nb, Pd, and/or Pt. The photocatalytic materials may be easily removed and/or retrieved after use, and can effectively combat both chemical and biological contamination and/or fouling of water as well as the membranes composed of the photocatalytic material.

Abstract: This invention discloses an improved process which employs mixed alpha-olefins as feed over activated metallocene catalyst systems to provide essentially random liquid polymers particularly useful in lubricant components or as functional fluids

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst system comprising: a) one or more silver tungstate-containing species; and b) one or more catalytic species suitable for hydrogenation, wherein the weight ratio of said one or more silver tungstate-containing species to the one or more catalytic species suitable for hydrogenation is greater than 2.5:1, on the basis of the total weight of the catalyst system; and a process for the preparation of monoethylene glycol from starting material comprising one or more saccharides, by contacting said starting material with hydrogen in a reactor at a reactor temperature in the range of from 145 to 190° C. in the presence of a solvent and said catalyst system.

Abstract: The hydrogenation catalyst for heavy hydrocarbon oil, includes: as a carrier, phosphorous-zinc-containing alumina that contains 0.1% by mass to 4% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the carrier, of phosphorous and 1% by mass to 12% by mass, based on the carrier, of zinc oxide particles, and supporting, on the carrier, 8% by mass to 20% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Group 6 of the periodic table and 2% by mass to 6% by mass, in terms of oxide based on the catalyst, of at least one selected from metals in Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, and the average particle diameter of the zinc oxide particles being 2 ?m to 12 ?m.

Abstract: A semiconductor material basically consists of titanium oxide, with the special feature of being like nanostructures, which gives special physicochemical properties, with ability to disperse and stabilize metal particles with high activity and selectivity in catalytic processes mainly. The process of producing the semiconductor material includes adding a titanium alkoxide to an alcoholic solution, adding an acid to the alcoholic solution, controlling the pH from 1 to 5; subjecting the acidic solution to agitation and reflux conditions at 70 to 80° C.; stabilizing the medium and adding bidistilled water in a water/alkoxide molar ratio of 1-2/0.100-0.150, continuing with reflux until gelation; aging the gel for 1 to 24 hours for complete formation of the titania; drying the titania nanostructured at of 50 to 80° C. for about 1 to 24 hours, and subjecting the dried titania to a calcination step at 200 to 600° C. for 1 to 12 hours.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of an embodiment includes visible-light responsive photocatalytic composite microparticles containing tungsten oxide and zirconium oxide, and an aqueous dispersion medium in which the photocatalytic composite microparticles are dispersed. In the photocatalytic composite microparticles, a ratio of a mass of the zirconium oxide to a mass of the tungsten oxide is in a range of from 0.05% to 200%, and a D50 particle size in particle size distribution is in a range of from 20 nm to 10 ?m. The aqueous dispersion has pH in a range of from 1 to 9.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a catalyst for exhaust gas removal having excellent heat tolerance and purification performance within a wide range of atmospheres and a catalyst obtained by the production method. The present invention relates to a method for supporting catalyst metal particles, comprising: (a) adding an iridium precursor and a palladium precursor to a solvent containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and ethylene glycol; (b) adding a reducing agent to the obtained catalyst metal colloid; (c) obtaining a concentrated solution containing catalyst metal particles by subjecting the obtained solution to heat reflux; and (d) supporting the catalyst metal particles on a carrier, wherein the iridium content of the catalyst metal particles accounts for 3% to 10% by mass of the total mass of iridium and palladium.

Abstract: An alkyl mercaptan is prepared by reacting an aliphatic alcohol with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst at varying temperatures.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a homogeneous solid mixture containing at least one catalytic metal and at least one metal inorganic support. The pores of the solid mixture have an average diameter in a range of about 1 nanometer to about 15 nanometers. The catalytic metal comprises nanocrystals.

Abstract: An open-pore catalyst support comprising a material that comprises a natural sheet silicate and ZrO2. In order to provide a catalyst support, by means of which alkenyl acetate catalysts can be prepared which are characterized by a high level of alkenyl acetate activity over a relatively long period, the catalyst support comprises a material that comprises a natural sheet silicate and ZrO2 in the tetragonal modification.

Abstract: A nanostructured titania semiconductor material termed TSG-IMP having a predetermined crystal size is produced by a sol-gel method by adding a titanium alkoxide to an alcoholic solution, adding an acid to the alcoholic solution, subjecting the acidic solution to agitation under reflux conditions; stabilizing the medium and adding bidistilled water under reflux until gelation; subjecting the gel to aging until complete formation of the titania which is dried and calcined.

Abstract: To provide a novel visible light-responsive photocatalyst or tungsten oxide visible light-responsive semiconductor improved in environmental resistance under an alkaline condition. The tungsten oxide visible light-responsive semiconductor unstable under an alkaline condition is improved in environmental resistance without losing photocatalytic function thereof by adding thereto at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, tantalum, niobium, lanthanum, bismuth, calcium, chromium, manganese and zinc. The obtained environmental resistant visible light-responsive photocatalyst is subjected to an alkaline treatment to thereby be improved in photocatalytic activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks having 200 ppm by weight to 2% by weight of asphaltenes and/or more than 10 ppm by weight of metals, comprising a hydrodemetallation treatment in at least 2 switchable reaction zones, containing hydrodemetallation catalyst and optionally hydrodenitrification catalyst, then a hydrorefining treatment to lower the organic nitrogen content, followed by a fixed-bed hydrocracking treatment and a distillation step.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for treating exhaust gas adapted not only to remove CO and VOCs based on unsaturated hydrocarbons such as C2H4 but also to accelerate a decomposition reaction of saturated hydrocarbons such as propane and to provide a method for producing such a catalyst for treating exhaust gas. The present invention provides a catalyst for treating an exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, the catalyst comprising a substrate containing a NOx removal catalyst component and a porous inorganic compound layer containing a noble metal, the layer being applied to the substrate.

Abstract: Articles and methods comprising persistent carbenes are provided, as well as related compositions. In some embodiments, a persistent carbene may be associated with a portion of a substrate (e.g., at least a portion of a surface on the substrate). In certain embodiments, the association of persistent carbene with the substrate may be used to affect certain properties of substrate (e.g., surface chemistry, stability). In some cases, a persistent carbene may be functionalized after association with a portion of a substrate. In some embodiments, a persistent carbene and at least one secondary compound may be associated with a portion of a substrate. Articles and methods of the present invention may be useful for applications involving electronics, sensing, microfabrication, nanotechnology, biomimetic, and drug delivery, amongst others.

Abstract: A method for continuously preparing a metal oxides catalyst comprises the following steps: dissolving metal materials using nitric acid solution to produce a metal nitrate solution, and also to produce NOx and water vapor; hydrolyzing the metal nitrate solution by introducing pressurized superheated water vapor into the metal nitrate solution to obtain a slurry of the hydrates of metal oxides as well as acidic gas, the main components of the acidic gas are NO2, NO, O2 and water vapor; filtrating and drying the slurry to obtain the hydrates of metal oxides and/or metal oxides; and then utilizing the obtained hydrates of metal oxides and/or metal oxides as raw materials and preparing the metal oxides catalyst by the conventional method for preparing a catalyst. The NOx gas produced can be absorbed to produce nitric acid which can be reused.

Abstract: A high-temperature-resistant component for an exhaust-gas treatment unit, an exhaust-gas treatment unit and a method for producing such a unit, include providing the component or the exhaust-gas treatment unit with a surface layer intended to prevent the formation of chromium carbide bridges during a brazing process for producing the exhaust-gas treatment unit.

Abstract: An ammonia oxidation catalyst being superior in heat resistance and capable of suppressing by-production of N2O or NOx. The ammonia oxidation catalyst is made by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) including a catalyst supported a noble metal on an inorganic base material including any of a composite oxide (A) having at least titania and silica as main components, alumina, and a composite oxide (B) consisting of alumina and silica; and a catalyst layer (upper layer) including a composite oxide (C) consisting of at least silica, tungsten oxide, ceria and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, wherein a composition of the composite oxide (C) is silica: 20% by weight or less, tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight.

Abstract: An electrode material for a direct fuel cell or an electrochemical hydrogenation electrolytic tank, includes component A, or component B, or the mixture of component A and component B. The component A is any one of or a mixture of two or more than two of HnNb2O5, HnV2O5, HnMoO3, HnTa2O5 or HnWO3 at any ratio, where 0<n?4. The component B is any one of or a mixture of two or more than two of Nb2O5, V2O5, MoO3, Ta2O5, WO3 at any ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a photocatalyst including: a porous metal oxide film; and metal particles formed on a surface of the porous metal oxide film.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided. The catalyst comprises a porous silica support comprising silica having a pore structure, and a perovskite-type composite metal oxide particle supported in the pore structure of the porous silica support. Further, the peak attributable to the space between silica primary particles is in the range of 3 to 100 nm in the pore distribution of the porous silica support.

Abstract: A method for producing a silica-supported catalyst comprising Mo, V. Nb, and a component X (Sb and/or Te) to be used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of proprane, comprising the steps of: (I) preparing a raw material mixture solution by mixing Mo, V, Nb, component X, a silica sol, and water; (II) obtaining a dry powder by drying the raw material mixture solution; and (III) obtaining a silica-supported catalyst by calcining the dry powder, wherein the silica sol contains 10 to 270 wt ppm of nitrate ions based on SiO2.

Abstract: In one aspect, structural catalyst bodies comprising one or more gradients of catalytic material are provided herein. In some embodiments, a structural catalyst body described herein comprises an inner partition wall having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the inner partition wall having a gradient of catalytic material along the width of the inner partition wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a catalyst comprising a tank configured to prepare an aqueous mixed solution containing a Mo compound, a V compound and a Nb compound, a dryer configured to spray-dry the aqueous mixed solution, and a pipe for connecting the tank with the dryer so that the aqueous mixed solution can be supplied from the tank to the dryer, wherein a heater configured to heat the aqueous mixed solution is provided in the tank and/or the pipe, and a filter configured to filtrate the aqueous mixed solution is provided in the pipe.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include structures, photocatalytic structures, and photoelectrochemical structures, methods of making these structures, methods of making photocatalysis, methods of splitting H2O, methods of splitting CO2, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts having a narrow particle size distribution. In particular, the invention concerns preparation of nanoparticular metal oxide catalyst precursors comprising combustible crystallization seeds upon which the catalyst metal oxide is co-precipitated with the carrier metal oxide, which crystallization seeds are removed by combustion in a final calcining step. The present invention also concerns processes wherein the nanoparticular metal oxide catalysts of the invention are used, such as SCR (deNOx) reactions of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or urea as reductant, oxidations of alcohols or aldehydes with dioxygen or air to provide aldehydes, ketones or carboxylic acids, and photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Abstract: Nanowires useful as heterogeneous catalysts are provided. The nanowire catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the continuous hydrogenation of triglyceride containing raw materials in a fixed bed reactor system having several catalyst beds arranged in series and comprising at least one hydrogenation catalyst comprising an active phase constituted by a nickel and molybdenum element. The raw material feed, hydrogen containing gas and diluting agent are passed together through the catalyst beds at hydrogenation conditions. The raw material feed stream as well as the stream of hydrogen containing gas are divided into an equal number of different partial streams. These are each passed to one catalyst bed in such a manner that the weight ratio of diluting agent to raw material feed is essentially the same at the entrance of all catalyst beds and does not exceed 4:1. The claimed process is preferably conducted at low temperatures and allows the utilization of existing units due to the low recycle ratio.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst for thermal decomposition of an organic substance having the form of spherical granule having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 1.2 mm, a pore volume of 0.1 to 0.3 mL/g, a tap density of 1.05 to 1.4 g/mL, and a wear rate of 2% by weight or less, the catalyst being obtained by mixing and granulating a pulverized product of an inorganic oxide exemplified by titanium oxide with at least one sol selected from a titania sol, a silica sol, an alumina sol, and a zirconia sol to make spherical granules, calcining the spherical granules at a temperature from 400 to 850° C., and sieving the calcined granules.

Abstract: Hydrodesulphurization of a gasoline cut containing hydrocarbons containing at least 2 carbon atoms per molecule and having an end point of 250° C. or less, by contacting the gasoline cut with at least one catalyst having an active phase of at least one metal from group VIII and at least one metal from group VIB deposited on a support, said catalyst being prepared using a process of: i) contacting support with precursors of group VIII and group VIB metals; ii) contacting support with at least one organic compound formed from at least one cyclic oligosaccharide composed of at least 6?-(1,4)-bonded glucopyranose subunits; iii) drying to obtain at least said metal from group VIII and at least said metal from group VIB in the oxide form; then iv) sulphurization such that said active phase is in the sulphide form; i) and ii) being carried out separately, in any order, or simultaneously.

Abstract: A catalyst for the metathesis of olefins in general and specifically for the production of propylene from ethylene and butylene has been developed. The catalyst comprises a tungsten metal compound, which contains at least one tungsten-fluoro bond, dispersed or grafted onto a support. A specific example of the catalyst is the compound WOF(CH2CMe3)3 grafted onto a silica support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts, to processes for making catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The multifunctional catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid and ethyl acetate to ethanol. The catalyst is effective for providing an acetic acid conversion greater than 20% and an ethyl acetate conversion greater than 0%. The catalyst comprises a precious metal and one or more active metals on a modified support. The modified support includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, vanadium, and tantalum, provided that the modified support does not contain phosphorous.

Abstract: A catalyst for the electrolysis of water molecules and hydrocarbons, the catalyst including catalytic groups comprising A1-xB2-yB?yO4 spinels having a cubical M4O4 core, wherein A is Li or Na, B and B? are independently any transition metal or main group metal, M is B, B?, or both, x is a number from 0 to 1, and y is a number from 0 to 2. In photo-electrolytic applications, a plurality of catalytic groups are supported on a conductive support substrate capable of incorporating water molecules. At least some of the catalytic groups, supported by the support substrate, are able to catalytically interact with water molecules incorporated into the support substrate. The catalyst can also be used as part of a photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is provided having a zeolite material of a CHA crystal structure and a silica to alumina mole ratio (SAR) of about 10 to about 25 and preferably having a mean crystal size of at least 1.0 microns; and a non-aluminum base metal (M), wherein said zeolite material contains said base metal in a base metal to aluminum ratio (M:Al) of about 0.10 to about 0.24.

Abstract: In one aspect, structural catalyst bodies comprising one or more gradients of catalytic material are provided herein. In some embodiments, a structural catalyst body described herein comprises an inner partition wall having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, the inner partition wall having a gradient of catalytic material along the width of the inner partition wall.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition comprising a first catalytic material disposed on a metal inorganic support; wherein the metal inorganic support has pores; and at least one promoting metal. The catalyst system further comprises a second catalytic composition comprising, (i) a zeolite, or (ii) a first catalytic material disposed on a first substrate, the first catalytic material comprising an element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, titanium, and vanadium. The catalyst system may further comprise a third catalytic composition. The catalyst system may further comprise a delivery system configured to deliver a reductant and optionally a co-reductant. A catalyst system comprising a first catalytic composition, the second catalytic composition, and the third catalytic composition is also provided. An exhaust system comprising the catalyst systems described herein is also provided.

Abstract: A porous oxide catalyst includes porous oxide, and an oxygen vacancy-inducing metal which induces an oxygen vacancy in a lattice structure of a porous metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a particle filter comprising a porous carrier body, an SCR active component and an oxidation catalyst, wherein the SCR active component is present as coating on the exhaust-gas entry surface and the inner surface of the porous carrier body and the oxidation catalyst as coating on the exhaust-gas exit surface of the porous carrier body. According to the invention the oxidation catalyst changes its function depending on operating conditions. In normal operation it serves as NH3 slip catalyst for oxidizing excess NH3 and during filter regeneration it operates according to the 3-way principle for converting NOx and CO. The invention also relates to a method for producing the particle filter, the use of the particle filter for treating exhaust gases from the combustion of fossil, synthetic or biofuels as well as an exhaust-gas cleaning system which contains the particle filter according to the invention.

Abstract: Ammonia oxidation catalyst being superior in heat resistance and capable of suppressing by-production of N2O and leakage of ammonia. The ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) removes surplus ammonia, in selectively reducing nitrogen oxides by adding urea or ammonia and using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, into exhaust gas, wherein the ammonia oxidation catalyst is made by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) including a catalyst supported a noble metal element on a composite oxide (A) having titania and silica as main components, and a catalyst layer (upper layer) including a composite oxide (C) consisting of tungsten oxide, ceria, and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, wherein a composition of the composite oxide (C) is tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight.