Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide the following method for producing fatty acid alkyl esters and/or glycerin and the following catalyst used in the production method. According to the production method, a fat or oil is reacted with an alcohol to give a fatty acid alkyl ester and/or glycerin suitably used in a food or fuel application, etc., with high efficiency, and complicated steps such as a step of recovering a catalyst can be simplified or omitted. According to the catalyst, an active metal component is not eluted even if the catalyst is used repeatedly or for a long period of time, and further, such a catalyst can maintain an excellent catalyst activity for a long time even in the presence of water and exhibit a high activity to both of transesterification of a glyceride contained in the fat or oil and esterification of free fatty acid.

Abstract: A method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst. Specifically, a method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through a coprecipitation method which is performed at a temperature of 10˜40° C., and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, in which a C4 mixture containing n-butene, n-butane and other impurities is directly used as reactants without performing additional n-butane separation process or n-butene extraction. 1,3-butadiene can be prepared directly using a C4 mixture including n-butane at a high concentration as a reactant through an oxidative hydrogenation reaction without performing an additional n-butane separation process, and 1,3-butadiene, having high activity, can be also obtained in high yield for a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts for the production of hydrogen using the water gas shift reaction and the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbon-containing fuels. The catalysts nickel and/or copper on a ceria/zirconia support, where the support is prepared using a surfactant templating method. The invention also includes processes for producing hydrogen, reactors and hydrogen production systems utilizing these catalysts.

Abstract: A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.

Abstract: A purifying catalyst includes catalyst powder composed of a transition metal oxide of which an average particle diameter is within 1 nm to 2 ?m and in which an electron binding energy of oxygen is shifted to an energy side lower than 531.3 eV. The purifying catalyst shows good purification performance even when noble metal is not contained as an essential component.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNOx catalyst applications.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the efficiency of a rhenium-promoted epoxidation catalyst is provided. Advantageously, the method may be carried out in situ, i.e., within the epoxidation process, and in fact, may be carried out during production of the desired epoxide. As such, a method for the epoxidation of alkylenes incorporating the efficiency-enhancing method is also provided, as is a method for using the alkylene oxides so produced for the production of 1,2-diols, 1,2-carbonates, 1,2-diol ethers, or alkanolamines.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxidation catalyst for bleaching containing a component (a) which is an anion caused from a chelating agent having less than or equal to coordination position 5 and/or the chelating agent, and a component (b) which is a copper and/or manganese compound; and a binder compound (c); a hydrogen peroxide-based compound (d) which dissolves in water and generates hydrogen peroxide, the bleaching composition containing a granulated product or a molded product in which at least the component (b) and the component (c) are granulated or molded together. According to the invention, an oxidation catalyst that promotes the oxidation effect of hydrogen peroxide-based compounds with a trace amount of the composition, and has excellent effects of suppressing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide-based compounds and suppressing coloration of the catalyst itself, and a bleaching composition containing the oxidation catalyst can be utilized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst provided in the form of an extrudate, which contains 5 to 85% by weight of copper oxide and comprises, in the active material and as binders, the same oxidic carrier material. The invention also relates to the use of the catalyst for hydrogenating carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a catalyst or catalyst precursor comprising: (a) admixing a carrier material, a homogeneous crystalline solid solution of a cobalt compound and one or more d-metal compounds and/or one or more co-catalysts or precursors thereof, and optionally a liquid; (b) forming the mixture of step (a); and (c) optionally drying and/or calcining the product of step (b).

Abstract: Disclosed are solid titanium-free Fischer-Tropsch catalysts including iron homogeneously modified with a zirconium promoter/stabilizer. The homogeneously mixed solid catalysts can be formed through co-precipitation of iron and zirconium precursors followed by calcination and reduction to form the active catalyst materials. The catalysts can optionally include additional materials such as copper, potassium, and silicon promoters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst for production of nitric oxide from ammonia and oxygen. The catalyst has the composition A3-xBxO9-y, wherein A and B are selected from the group Mn, Co, Cr, Fe and Al, x is between 0 and 3 and y is between 0 and 6. The catalyst has a high selectivity towards nitric oxide and a low ignition temperature in the reactor. Further the present invention relates to a method for the production of gas comprising nitric oxide by the catalyst of the present invention. The produced gas has a low content of nitrous oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operated under lean conditions. It is proposed that a thinwalled, porous carrier be coated on one side with a nitrogen oxide storage catalyst and on the other side with an SCR catalyst. When the exhaust gas is passed through the catalytic coatings and the support material, a significant improvement in the nitrogen oxide conversion is achieved compared to a series arrangement of the catalysts on separate carriers. Wall flow filters have been found to be useful as thin-walled carriers.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a catalyst for catalyzing hydrogen releasing reaction includes following steps. First, a solution with metal catalyst ions is provided. Next, several catalyst supports are provided. Each catalyst support includes several chelating units. Then, the catalyst supports are mixed with the solution, so that the metal catalyst ions in the solution chelate with the chelating units on the surface of each catalyst support. Subsequently, the metal catalyst ions chelating with the surface of the catalyst supports are reduced, so that metal catalyst nano-structures and/or metal catalyst atoms are coated on the surface of the catalyst supports, for forming catalysts.

Abstract: Hopcalite-type catalysts for oxidation of CO are formed by preparing a mixed-metal oxide precursor by firstly preparing a solution of a mixture of metal precursor compounds in a solvent, followed by contacting the solution with a supercritical antisolvent to precipitate the mixed-metal oxide precursor. A mixed-metal oxide may then be prepared from the precursor by oxidation, for example by calcination. The mixed-metal oxide is then collected and optionally activated for use as a catalyst. The activated or calcined catalyst contains a nano-structured mixed-phase composition comprising phase-separated intimately mixed nanoparticles of copper and manganese oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst. The process allows the delamination of layered crystals which are used as a starting material for a catalyst. The starting material is subsequently converted into an active portion of a catalyst with an increased dispersion resulting in a higher activity. Preferred delaminating agents are di-carboxylic acids and one particular example is citric acid. Preferably at least 0.75 wt %, more preferably at least 1.5 wt % of a delaminating agent is added to the catalyst starting material.

Abstract: A catalyst and a method for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides with ammonia are provided. The catalyst includes a first component of copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, iron, niobium, or mixtures thereof, a second component of cerium, a lanthanide, a mixture of lanthanides, or mixtures thereof, and a zeolite. The catalyst may also include strontium as an additional second component. The catalyst selectively reduces nitrogen oxides to nitrogen with ammonia at low temperatures. The catalyst has high hydrothermal stability. The catalyst has high activity for conversion of nitrogen oxides in exhaust streams, and are not significantly influenced by the NO/NO2 ratio. The catalyst and the method may have special application to selective reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas from diesel vehicles, although the catalyst and the method have broad application to a wide range of gas streams that contain nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for the synthesis of thin multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and a method for manufacturing a catalyst composition. More particularly, this invention relates to a multi-component metal catalyst composition comprising i) main catalyst of Fe and Al, ii) inactive support of Mg and iii) optional co-catalyst at least one selected from Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, Mo, W, V, Sn, or Cu. Further, the present invention affords thin multi-walled carbon nanotube having 5˜20 nm of diameter and 100˜10,000 of aspect ratio in a high yield.

Abstract: DeNOx catalysts for the reduction of NOx compounds and porous catalyst support materials are provided. The inventive catalysts comprise an active metal catalyst component and mixed TiO2/ZrO2 porous support particles that comprise a) a crystalline phase comprising titanium dioxide and/or a titanium/zirconium mixed oxide, b) an amorphous phase comprising zirconium, and c) a small amount of one or more metal oxide(s) or metalloid oxide(s) deposited on the amorphous outer layer. The inventive catalysts exhibit superior activity and ammonia selectivity.

Abstract: The invention provides active, affordable, durable, and sulfur-tolerant catalysts and related precursors and processes useful in hydrogen production. The catalysts have a wide applicability. For example, in one embodiment, the invention provides sulfur-tolerant catalysts which, when used in a catalytic fuel processor, will facilitate sufficient hydrogen generation within 30 seconds or so of automobile start-up to generate around 50 kW of fuel cell power. Catalysts of the instant invention are made by reducing a catalyst precursor comprising a support phase impregnated with one or more elemental transition metals, wherein: (a) the support phase is formed by dispersion of a monolayer on the surface of a high surface area alumina support; and (b) the monolayer comprises XOnYO2, where (1) XOn is a redox active metal oxide and n is either 1.5, 2, or 2.5 depending on the oxidation number of X, and (2) YO2 is a redox inactive metal oxide. Ni—V2O5—ZrO2/Al2O3 catalysts of the instant invention are preferred.

Abstract: In a thermocatalytically active titanium dioxide coating, based on a sol-gel system, the titanium dioxide coating contains a structuring component and/or is produced by a structuring method.

Abstract: Described are catalyst composites containing mechanically fused components, methods of making the catalyst composites, and methods of using the catalyst composites such as in pollution abatement applications. The catalyst composites contain a core and a shell at least substantially covering the core, the shell mechanically fused to the core and comprising particles mechanically fused to each other, wherein a size ratio of the core to particles of the shell is at least about 10:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition for preparing carbon nanotube and a process for preparing carbon nanotube using the same. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for preparing carbon nanotube by the chemical vapor deposition method through the decomposition of lower saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons using a multi-component metal catalyst composition containing active metal catalyst from Co, V, Al and inactive porous support. Further, the present invention affords the carbon nanotube having 5˜30 nm of diameter and 100˜10,000 of aspect ratio in a high catalytic yield.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst includes an oxide support as well as a nickel active catalyst layer, a metal oxide, an alkali metal supported by the oxide support.

Abstract: Titanium oxide (usually titanium dioxide) catalyst support particles are doped for electronic conductivity and formed with surface area-enhancing pores for use, for example, in electro-catalyzed electrodes on proton exchange membrane electrodes in hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells. Suitable compounds of titanium and a dopant are dispersed with pore-forming particles in a liquid medium. The compounds are deposited as a precipitate or sol on the pore-forming particles and heated to transform the deposit into crystals of dopant-containing titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, a method of preparing the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, and a fuel cell including the hydrocarbon reforming catalyst. The hydrocarbon reforming catalyst includes a nickel active catalyst layer loaded on an oxide carrier, and a metal oxide.

Abstract: Aircraft catalysts, systems, and methods are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the catalysts comprise a substrate, at least a first washcoat layer on the substrate comprising a refractory metal oxide support having a catalytic metal component dispersed on the refractory metal oxide support, and an overcoat washcoat layer on the first layer comprising a manganese component. Catalysts prepared in accordance with embodiments of the invention exhibit improved life when used in aircraft.

Abstract: A NOx storage material comprises a support, a potassium salt impregnated on the support, the potassium impregnated on the support is promoted with a platinum group metal, and wherein the NOx storage material has an electrical property which changes based on the amount of NOx loading on the NOx storage material. An apparatus for direct NOx measurement includes a sensor coated with the NOx storage material. A method of determining NOx flux in a NOx containing gas comprises exposing the gas to the apparatus and converting a signal developed by the apparatus to a signal representative of the NOx flux.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes with high selectivity to alkenes relative to alkanes, high alkyne conversion, and sustained catalytic activity comprising a reactant comprising an alkyne and a non-hydrocarbon solvent/absorbent, contacting the reactant stream with a hydrogen-containing stream in the presence of a supported, promoted, Group VIII catalyst, removing the solvent/absorbent, and recovering the alkene product.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst for use in esterification and/or transesterification reactions is provided having the formula AxB2-xO4-x, where x is between 0.25 and 1.2, A is selected from calcium, magnesium, strontium, or barium, and B is selected from manganese, cerium, titanium, zirconium, silicon, tin or germanium. The heterogeneous catalyst is formed by co-precipitating the corresponding nitrates of the catalyst materials with ammonium carbonate to form a precipitated product which is then calcined. The heterogeneous catalysts can be used to make mono-alkyl ester fuel from feedstocks containing waste oils, fats and grease in the presence of water and/or free fatty acids.

Abstract: A catalyst for the photo-electrolysis of water molecules, the catalyst including catalytic groups comprising tetra-manganese-oxo clusters. A plurality of the catalytic groups are supported on a conductive support substrate capable of incorporating water molecules. At least some of the catalytic groups, supported by the support substrate, are able to catalytically interact with water molecules incorporated into the support substrate. The catalyst can be used as part of photo-electrochemical cell for the generation of electrical energy.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation of unsaturated and/or saturated aldehyde to unsaturated acids is disclosed where the catalyst including at least molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), and a first component selected from the group consisting of potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), thallium (Tl), or mixtures or combinations thereof, where the catalyst has at least 57% medium pores and a nitric acid to molybdenum mole ratio of at least 0.5:1 or at least 6.0:1 moles of HNO3 per mole of Mo12. Methods for making and using such catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: Catalysts, methods, and systems for treating diesel engine exhaust streams are described. In one or more embodiments, the catalyst comprises platinum, a second metal from one of the groups VB, VIB, VIIB, VIIIB, IB, or IIB of the periodic table, a refractory metal oxide, and a zeolite, the oxidation catalyst already being effective to remove ammonia at temperatures less than about 300° C. and exhibiting no significant decrease in ammonia oxidation efficiency upon hydrothermal aging. A method aspect includes first passing a vehicle's engine exhaust stream through a NOx abatement catalyst; and passing the exhaust stream exiting the NOx abatement catalyst and containing ammonia through the ammonia oxidation catalyst. Systems including such catalysts are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalytic compositions having from about 35% to about 75% of Cu by weight, from about 15% to about 35% of Al by weight, and about 5% to about 20% of Mn by weight. The catalytic compositions are bulk homogeneous compositions formed from extruding and calcinating a powder formed from a precipitation reaction of Cu(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, Na2Al2O3. The catalytic compositions have one or more crystalline phases of one or more of CuO and CuxMn(3-x)O4, where x is from about 1 to about 1.5, or both. The catalytic compositions are useful for the conversion of 1,4-butane-di-ol to ?-butyrolactone by a dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A method of producing catalyst powder of the present invention has a step of precipitating a transition metal particle and a base-metal compound in a reversed micelle substantially simultaneously, and a step of precipitating a noble metal particle in the reversed micelle. By this method, it is possible to obtain catalyst powder which restricts an aggregation of noble metal particles even at the high temperature and is excellent in the catalytic activity.

Abstract: A method of producing a porous composite metal oxide comprising the steps of: dispersing first metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, in a dispersion medium by use of microbeads each with a diameter of not larger than 150 ?m, thus obtaining first metal oxide particles, which are 1 nm to 50 nm in average particle diameter, and not less than 80% by mass of which are not larger than 75 nm in diameter; dispersing and mixing up, in a dispersion medium, the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide powder, which is an aggregate of primary particles each with a diameter of not larger than 50 nm, and which is not larger than 200 nm in average particle diameter, thus obtaining a homogeneously-dispersed solution in which the first metal oxide particles and second metal oxide particles are homogeneously dispersed; and drying the homogeneously-dispersed solution, thus obtaining a porous composite metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for making metal oxide compositions, specifically, metal oxide compositions having high surface area, high metal/metal oxide content, and/or thermal stability with inexpensive and easy to handle materials. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to methods of making metal and/or metal oxide compositions, such as supported or unsupported catalysts. The method includes combining a metal precursor with an organic acid to form a mixture and calcining the mixture for a period of time sufficient to form a metal oxide material.

Abstract: An improved skeletal iron catalyst is provided for use in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions for converting CO and H2 to hydrocarbon products. The skeletal iron catalyst is manufactured using iron and a removable non-ferrous component such as aluminum. The iron and removable non-ferrous component are mixed together to form a precursor catalyst and then a portion of the removable non-ferrous component is removed to leave a skeletal iron catalyst. One or more first promoter metals and optionally one or more second promoter metals are incorporated into the skeletal iron catalyst either by blending the promoter into the precursor catalyst during the formation thereof or by depositing the promoter on the skeletal iron. The first promoter metals comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, and platinum-group metals.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst is described. The electrocatalyst includes a core of a non-noble metal or non-noble metal alloy; and a continuous shell of a noble metal or noble metal alloy on the core, the continuous shell being at least two monolayers of the noble metal or noble metal alloy. Methods for making the electrocatalyst are also described.

Abstract: A compound of formula (Na0.33A0.66)2B2O7-? wherein A is one or more metals chosen from the lanthanide metals; B is one or more metals chosen from Ti, Sn, Ge, Ru, Mn, Ir, Os and Pb; and ? is a number in the range 0-1 is disclosed. Water gas shift catalysts comprising precious metals such as gold dispersed on the (Na0.33A0.66)2B2O7-? compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the catalytic decomposition of N2O in a gas containing N2O in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite that has been loaded with a first metal selected from the group of noble metals consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold, and with a second metal selected from the group of transition metals consisting of chromium, manganese, iron cobalt, nickel and copper, and wherein the loading of the zeolite with metals has been obtained by first loading the zeolite with the noble metal and then with the transition metal, as well as a catalyst for this method and a method for the preparation of this catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a catalyst for cyanhydrin hydration, which comprises a manganese oxide as a main component and is excellent in both physical strength and reaction activity, is provided, as well as a catalyst for cyanhydrin hydration obtained by the production process. Specifically, a process for producing a catalyst which is useful for cyanhydrin hydration and contains a manganese oxide as a main component, potassium, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of bismuth, vanadium and tin, in which the above compounds are mixed together in an aqueous system; the resulting slurry precipitate is subjected to solid-liquid separation; and the resulting hydrous cake is dried in at least two separate stages comprising a predrying and a main drying, is provided, as well as a catalyst for cyanhydrin hydration obtained by the production process.

Abstract: A nanocomposite particle, its use as a catalyst, and a method of making it are disclosed. The nanocomposite particle comprises titanium dioxide nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and a surface stabilizer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are formed hydrothermally in the presence of the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particle is an effective catalyst support, particularly for DeNox catalyst applications.

Abstract: Octahedral molecular sieve sorbents and catalysts are disclosed, including silver hollandite and cryptomelane. These materials can be used, for example, to catalyze the oxidation of COx (e.g., CO), NOx (e.g., NO), hydrocarbons (e.g., C3H6) and/or sulfur-containing compounds. The disclosed materials also may be used to catalyze other reactions, such as the reduction of NO2. In some cases, the disclosed materials are capable of sorbing certain products from the reactions they catalyze. Silver hollandite, in particular, can be used to remove a substantial portion of certain sulfur-containing compounds from a gas or liquid by catalysis and/or sorption. The gas or liquid can be, for example, natural gas or a liquid hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Systems, catalysts, and methods are provided for transforming carbon based material into synthetic mixed alcohol fuel.

Abstract: A part on or in a cooking, roasting, baking, or grilling device with a self-cleaning coating enables remnants of foodstuffs to be removed without mechanical action. The part includes a coating which has a structure comprised of (a) porous particles A, and (b) a binder, in which the porous particles A do not have a solid or liquid secondary phase in their pores (a).

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas, which can provide an excellent catalyst activity at lower temperatures for particulates and high boiling point hydrocarbons in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, is provided. The oxidation catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas is composed of a composite metal oxide represented by the general formula: Y1-xAgxMnO3, wherein 0.01?x?0.15. The composite metal oxide is represented by the general formula: Y1-xAgxMn1-yAyO3, wherein A is one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta and Ru, and 0.005?y?0.2.

Abstract: A catalyst having at least 5 weight percent of an alumina compound useful for the dehydrogenation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons to alkenylaromatic hydrocarbons and methods of use are disclosed.