Abstract: A highly durable exhaust emission control device which is provided in a container disposed in an intermediate portion of an exhaust system, wherein the exhaust emission control device comprises (1) a heat-resistant porous body having communicating pores, (2) a mixture of copper oxide and aluminum oxide supported on the surface of the porous body, and (3) platinum supported on the surface and an inner portion of the mixture, the grain size of the copper oxide being from 0.1 ?m to 50 ?m. The exhaust emission control device is manufactured by preparing the heat-resistant porous body; (2) applying to the porous body a slurry of a mixture of copper oxide and aluminum oxide and/or compounds convertible into these oxides by firing, and baking the mixture and/or compounds; and (3) applying a water-soluble platinum compound to the porous body, and baking the platinum compound. The platinum compound may be applied with the oxide mixture and/or the compounds of copper and aluminum to the porous body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for direct application of a catalyst to a substrate for treatment of atmospheric pollution including ozone. The method includes applying a catalytic metal to a substrate utilizing a thermal spray process. The process can be utilized to apply a base metal such as copper to a substrate and the base metal becomes the catalytically active oxide during and following application to the substrate. This system replaces a multi-step process within a single step process to provide a catalytically active surface that can be utilized to reduce ground level ozone and other atmospheric pollutants.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

Abstract: A process for the production mixed metal oxide containing catalysts comprising the steps of: dissolution of metals Me=Fe, Ni, Al, Cu, Co, Zn, Cr, in nitric acid providing an acid solution of metal mixed nitrate products, aluminium can be added either as nitrate or hydroxide; addition of a carbonhydrate, an amino acid and/or a carboxylic acid; decomposition at 250-700° C. with free air supply of the acid solution by spraying onto the inner surface of one or more rotary kilns, into a spray calcination fluid bed, into a tower kiln or into a steel band conveyor furnace to iron oxide and NOx; and optionally regeneration of the formed NOx to concentrated nitric acid and recycling of produced nitric acid to the first step.

Abstract: A bi-functional oxidation catalyst and process for catalytic oxidation and removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion gases derived from combustion of carbonaceous fuels such as coal, oil, or natural gas. The bi-functional catalyst includes adsorption and oxidation function metal oxides provided in adjacent close intimate contact by utilizing a binding agent, such as carboxylic acid and calcining to provide a metal oxide complex having a crystalline form. Such nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the combustion gases are initially catalytically oxidized to at least about 50 vol % NO2 and some higher oxides by contact with the bi-functional catalyst at 170-550° F. temperature. The combustion gas containing the partially oxidized NOx is then preferably further chemically oxidized by being mixed with a chemical oxidant such as ozone (O3) in a molar ratio of the chemical oxidant3 to NOx in the range of 0.5:1-1.2:1 to produce higher oxides of nitrogen such as substantially N2O5.

Abstract: The invention provides a noble metal-containing supported catalyst which contains one of the noble metals from the group Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os or alloys of one or more of these noble metals in the form of noble metal particles on a powdered support material. The particles deposited on the support material have a degree of crystallinity, determined by X-ray diffraction, of more than 2 and an average particle size between 2 and 10 nm. The high crystallinity and the small particle size of the noble metal particles lead to high catalytic activity for the catalyst. It is particularly suitable for use in fuel cells and for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A methanol reforming catalyst that generates a reformed gas containing hydrogen by reforming methanol under the presence of oxygen and steam, comprises a catalytic component I containing Cu oxide and Zn oxide, and a catalytic component II containing metal oxide and one of Pt and Pd.Also, another methanol reforming catalyst comprises a catalytic component I containing Cu oxide and Zn oxide, a catalytic component IIA containing first metal oxide and a noble metal, and a catalytic component IIB containing second metal oxide and one of Pt and Pd. The second metal oxide forms an alloy more easily than the first metal oxide. The auto-thermal reforming process can be stably accelerated in the methanol reforming reaction using these catalysts. Also, there are provided a reformer, a reforming apparatus, and a fuel cell system employing these methanol catalysts. Since a heater or a reducing apparatus can be omitted in these apparatuses, etc., sizes of these apparatuses, etc.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst for the seletive hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, a process for preparing this catalyst and its use. The catalyst of the invention comprises a support, active component Pd, rare earth metals, and auxiliary metal Bi, Ag etc. The catalyst is able to hydrogenate high-unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkyne with high selectivity at high space velocity while both green oil formation and carbon deposition on the catalyst are very low. It is applicable to an industrial cracking process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a supported metal catalyst composition which comprises impregnating microspheroidal support particles with a solution of at least one catalytically active metal, or precursor, drying the impregnated support particles and then treating the mobile metal, or precursor in a mobile state with a liquid comprising at least one reducing agent to deposit and immobilize the metal, or its precursor, in the support particles such that the metal, or its precursor, is distributed in the support particle in a layer below the surface of the support particle, the layer being between an inner and an outer region having a lower concentration of metal or precursor. Also, a composition comprising microspheroidal support particles having at least one catalytically active metal or precursor thereof distributed in a layer below the surface of the particles, the layer being between an inner and an outer region of the support particle each having a lower concentration of metal or precursor.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, preferably maleic anhydride, in the gas phase comprises

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to achieve excellent reforming ability even at lower temperatures, with a dimethyl ether steam reforming catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for selective hydrogenation of alkynes and dienes, its preparation process and application. The catalyst has an inorganic oxide support, a major active component palladium, and a Group IB metal promoter. The active components are uniformly distributed in the catalyst body within the thickness between the support surface and the depth of more than 300 &mgr;m. The catalyst of the present invention has high activity, high selectivity, ability to resist sulfur and arsenic poisoning. The catalyst is particularly applicable to C2-C3 fraction with any concentrations of hydrogen and CO.

Abstract: Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals is used as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Abstract: A composition is provided that can be used, for example, in a fuel processor for a fuel cell system. The composition includes a first material such as a catalyst, and a second material such as a desiccant. The second material is capable of sorbing and desorbing a heat transfer material such as water, and is present in an amount sufficient to sorb an amount of the heat transfer material sufficient to remove a portion of the heat generated when the first material undergoes an exothermic reaction.

Abstract: Promoted skeletal iron catalysts are provided which contain 70-90 wt % iron together with promoters 0-5.0 wt. % copper, 0.1-10.0 wt. % manganese, and 0.1-3.0 wt. % potassium, with the balance being aluminum. The catalysts are prepared by mixing the metal chips or powders uniformly together, then melting and rapidly quenching the molten metals to form a solid metal alloy precursor including the promotor metals except potassium, removing most of the aluminum by caustic extraction/leaching to provide a base skeletal iron form, then loading the potassium promoter from a suitable potassium alcohol solution promoter. After evaporation of the solvent, the promoted skeletal iron catalyst is activated by contact with hydrogen. The promoted skeletal iron catalysts are utilized for F-T synthesis processes at 10-30 wt % catalyst concentration, 200-350° C. temperature, 1.0-3.0 Mpa pressure and gas hourly space velocity of 0.5-5.0 L/gcat-h to produce desired hydrocarbon liquid products.

Abstract: A process for enhancing metal catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation comprising reducing the catalyst so that at least a portion is in the metallic state, impregnating under a non-oxidative atmosphere with a solution of a salt of at least one metal, optionally in combination with at least one of an ammonium salt, an alkyl ammonium salt, a weak organic acid and ammonia, oxidizing with a gaseous oxidant in the presence of the impregnating solution, and reducing to form an active catalyst. Used catalysts enhanced by the process are initially treated to decrease their hydrocarbon content. The treatment may be carried out in a single reactor, or by carrying out up to all steps after catalyst may be withdrawn from a reactor and returned to at least one reactor, both preferably during operations. Up to all steps may be effected in a subsequent reactor, or in specialized apparatus.

Abstract: In ridding fluids, including hydrocarbon fluids, both gaseous and liquid, of sulfur compounds including hydrogen sulfide, oxides of sulfur, and thiols, the present invention uses a small quantity of an activator, generally a noble metal oxide, preferably a copper species, along with a known oxide product, such as iron oxide or zinc oxide, to thoroughly remove sulfur contaminants in a short amount of time. The activator allows for the use of smaller reactor vessels and the production of hydrocarbon fluids substantially free of sulfur products.

Abstract: A calcined dehydrogenation catalyst composition having iron and potassium supported on alumina has improved selectivity at a given hydrocarbon conversion by the addition of metal ions selected from indium, cerium, sodium, molybdenum and tungsten. A process for preparing the catalyst and for dehydrogenating alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compounds is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst for the nonoxidative production of alkenylaromatics from alkylaromatics, wherein the catalyst is predominantly iron oxide, an alkali metal compound, copper oxide, cerium oxide and less than about 100 ppm of a source for a noble metal, such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhenium, osmium, rhodium or iridium. Additional components of the catalyst may include compounds based on molybdenum, tungsten, calcium, magnesium, chromium and other such promoters.

Abstract: A process for activating a supported metal catalyst or catalyst precursor useful for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising reducing with a hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperature so that at least a portion is in the metallic state, impregnating under a non-oxidizing atmosphere with a solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts, alkyl ammonium salts and weak organic acids, optionally further including ammonia, to the point where it has absorbed a volume of solution equal to at least about 10% of its calculated pore volume, oxidizing with a gaseous oxidant in the presence of the impregnating solution and reducing with hydrogen-containing gas at elevated temperatures to form an active catalyst. The steps beginning with the impregnation may be repeated. Optionally, the catalyst may be calcined after the oxidation step and/or passivated after activation.

Abstract: There is provided a process for hydrocarbon synthesis wherein a supported metal catalyst for hydrogenating carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons is regenerated by decreasing its hydrocarbon content, impregnating under a non-oxidative atmosphere with a solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts, alkyl ammonium salts and weak organic acids, optionally including ammonia, oxidizing with a gaseous oxidant in the presence of the impregnating solution, activating the catalyst by reduction with hydrogen at elevated temperatures and reusing the catalyst. The treatment may be carried out in a single reactor, or by carrying out up to all steps after catalyst has been withdrawn therefrom and returned to at least one reactor. Up to all steps subsequent to decreasing the hydrocarbon content may be effected in a subsequent reactor, or in specialized apparatus.

Abstract: A noble metal nanometer-sized catalyst composition is described along with the method for preparation of the composition. The crystal face of the catalyst contains a preponderance of (111) type crystal phase exposure. The crystal phase exposure is controlled by sequestering the noble metal cation before deposition on a catalyst support. Controlled catalyst face exposition combined with the nanometer scale of the catalyst increases the catalyst selectivity and activity, particularly for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a catalyst useful in converting carbon monoxide and water to hydrogen and carbon dioxide (water gas shift reaction), which includes a metal oxide carrier and 0.1-10% Pt and 0-5% Re supported on the carrier, based on the weight of the carrier. The carrier contains copper oxide, alumina, and a metal oxide selected from zinc oxide, chromium oxide and magnesium oxide. The present invention also discloses a method for reducing the content of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich reformate gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch cataylst composition wherein the iron phase is ferrihydrite. The catalyst composition optionally includes a structural promoter which may be selected from manganese or chromium or a mixture thereof and chemical promoters selected from magnesium, zinc, copper and an alkaline or alkali metal such as potassium. The catalyst is best bound to a refractory oxide support such as silica. This catalyst composition produces significant yields of higher parafins, olefins and alcohols.

Abstract: A copper oxide based catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol, which is a copper oxide-zinc oxide based catalyst or a copper oxide-silicon oxide based catalyst further comprising one of palladium, platinum and ruthenium in a very small amount; and a method for preparing the copper oxide based catalyst which comprises combining the co-precipitation method or the kneading method and the spray method. The copper oxide based catalyst for dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol exhibits high activity and high selectivity, and thus may be used for producing cyclohexanone at a reduced reaction temperature and/or with an enhanced yield, as compared to a conventional catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts and methods useful for the production of olefins from alkanes via oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) are disclosed. The ODH catalysts are comprised of a Group VIII promoter metal present at trace levels. The Group VIII promoter metal is preferably platinum, palladium or a combination thereof and is preferably present at a promoter metal loading of between about 0.005 and about 0.1 weight percent. Optionally, the ODH catalysts include a base metal, metal oxide, or combination thereof. The optional base metal is selected from the group consisting of Group IB-IIB metals, Group IVB-VIIB metals, Group IIA-VA metals, scandium, yttrium, actinium, iron, cobalt, nickel, their oxides, and combinations thereof. The base metal is more preferably selected from the group consisting copper, tin, chromium, gold, manganese and their respective oxides and any combinations thereof. The base metal loading is preferably between about 0.5 and about 10 weight percent.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for dehydrogenating primary alcohols to make salts of carboxylic acids. The process comprises contacting a catalyst, preferably a metal support coated with copper or silver, with an alkaline mixture comprising a primary alcohol. The invention further provides for novel copper-containing and silver-containing catalysts which may be used, for example, in the above process as well as processes for making such catalysts.

Abstract: A lean NOx catalyst and method of preparing the same is disclosed. The lean NOx catalyst includes a ceramic substrate, an oxide support material, preferably &ggr;-alumina, deposited on the substrate and a metal promoter or dopant introduced into the oxide support material. The metal promoters or dopants are selected from the group consisting of indium, gallium, tin, silver, germanium, gold, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, cerium, vanadium, oxides thereof, and combinations thereof. The &ggr;-alumina preferably has a pore volume of from about 0.5 to about 2.0 cc/g; a surface area of between about 80 to 350 m2/g; an average pore size diameter of between about 3 to 30 nm; and an impurity level of less than or equal to 0.2 weight percent. In a preferred embodiment the &ggr;-alumina is prepared by a sol-gel method, with the metal doping of the &ggr;-alumina preferably accomplished using an incipient wetness impregnation technique.

Abstract: A catalyst for the hydrogenation of C4-dicarboxylic acids and/or their derivatives, preferably maleic anhydride, in the gas phase comprises from 5 to 100% by weight, preferably from 40 to 90% by weight, of copper oxide and from 0 to 95% by weight, preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, of one or more metals or compounds thereof selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zn, Pd, La, Ce, the elements of groups III A to VIII A and groups I A and II A as active composition applied in the form of a thin layer to an inert support material.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: A catalyst, method, and exhaust system for purifying exhaust gas from vehicle engines, including a catalyst having a carrier doped with copper oxide (CuO), and a precious metal as a main catalyst is disclosed. The impregnation of copper oxide into the carrier protects the catalyst from damage due to the toxicity of exhaust gas, and hinders agglomeration of precious metal particles used as the main catalyst. As a result, the heat resistance of the catalyst at high temperatures in addition to the catalytic activity for the oxidation of particulates can be improved.

Abstract: A sorbent composition is provided which can be used in the desulfurization of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid such as cracked gasoline or diesel fuel. The sorbent composition contains a support component and a promoter component with the promoter component being present as a skin on the support component. Such sorbent composition is prepared by a process of impregnating a support component with a promoter component, wherein the promoter component has been melted under a melting condition, followed by drying, calcining, and reducing to thereby provide the sorbent composition.

Abstract: A method of dispersing nanosized catalyst particles on the surface of larger catalyst carrier particles is disclosed. The coating process is done dry and yields high effective surface area of nanosized catalyst particles coated on the surface of catalyst carrier particles. In this process, nanosized catalyst particles and catalyst carriers are mechanically mixed in a high velocity and impact force environment to which catalyst particles are embedded, or filmed, on the surface of catalyst carrier particles without using water or any other additional chemicals. The catalyst composite structure produced comprises better coating uniformity of the catalyst particle on its catalyst carrier. The catalyst particle/catalyst carrier composite produced can be applied to a support structure, such as a monolith as readily used in automotive or other applications.

Abstract: Co-precipitated CoCuMn and CoCuMg catalysts are used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases of a diesel engine. The catalyst contains two functional layers superimposed on an inert supporting body, whereby the first layer, which is situated directly on the supporting body, has a nitrogen oxide storage function and the second layer, which is in direct contact with the exhaust gas, has a catalytic function. The second functional layer additionally has a hydrocarbon-storage function and its catalytic function is provided by catalytically active noble metals of the platinum group which are deposited in highly dispersed form on finely divided, acidic carrier materials. Nitrogen oxides in the oxygen-rich exhaust gas of a diesel engine can be converted with optimal utilization of the reductive constituents contained in the exhaust gas. For this purpose, no reducing agents going beyond the reductive components (carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) which are contained as a consequence of incomplete combustion need to be added to the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A material composed of ultrafine particles, comprising at least a metal element M having catalytic properties and at least a metal element M′ having a standard oxidation potential less than that of M, part at least of M′ atoms being in oxidized form, the average size of the particles being less than 50 nm, at least 80% in number of the particles having an average size less than 10 nm. One particle of the material is constituted by at least a metal element M with oxidation level 0, or by at least a metal element M′ in oxidized form, or by at least a metal element M′ with oxidation level 0, or by the combination of at least two species selected from the three previous species. The material is useful as a catalyst for hydrogenation or coupling reactions.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx generated during a partial or incomplete combustion catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise (i) an acidic metal oxide containing substantially no zeolite, (ii) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and mixtures thereof, (iii) an oxygen storage component, and (iv) a noble metal component, preferably rhodium or iridium, and mixtures thereof, are disclosed. Preferably, the compositions are used as separate additives particles circulated along with the circulating FCC catalyst inventory. Reduced emissions of gas phase reduced nitrogen species and NOx in an effluent off gas of a partial or incomplete combustion FCC regenerator provide for an overall NOx reduction as the effluent gas stream is passed from the FCC regenerator to a CO boiler, whereby as CO is oxidized to CO2 a lesser amount of the reduced nitrogen species is oxidized to NOx.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved catalytic compositions suited for use in hydrogenation processes and to an improved process for hydrogenating organic compounds as in amination of alcohols or hydrogenation of nitro groups to the amine using the catalyst. The catalytic composition is more particularly an improvement in nickel catalysts promoted with palladium carried on a support. The improvement resides in including a promoting effect of a metal M and/or its oxide, selected from Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ag, typically from about 0.01 to 10% by weight of the support.

Abstract: There is provided an improved system and process for the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to form a mixture of hydrocarbons utilizing a plurality of reactors in series. Synthesis gas entering the system under pressure is partially converted in at least one initial stage reactor and the effluent therefrom introduced into a final stage reactor. In the at least one initial stage reactor, a portion of the catalyst is continuously or periodically removed with some hydrocarbons and treated to renew, or renew and enhance it, and returned. The treatment comprises reducing the hydrocarbon context of the withdrawn mixture, heating to a temperature above at least one of the metals in the catalyst thereby forming a melt, removing any slag forming on the melt, cooling the melt and reducing the particle size of the resulting solid to a fine powder of renewed catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts for the fluid-bed hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride to chloroform having high catalytic stability and comprising platinum supported on microspheroidal gamma alumina, characterized in that the platinum is in the form of particles dispersed throughout the mass of the support.

Abstract: A low temperature metal promoted copper/zinc/aluminum water gas shift catalyst is described. The catalyst is formed from a precursor, wherein the precursor includes aluminum in the form of hydrotalcite and aluminum separate from the hydrotalcite. A method of making the catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst for selective hydrogenation, which comprises, on the basis of the total weight of catalyst, 1-30 wt % of copper as the first active component, 0.001-5 wt % of palladium as the second active component, 0.001-6 wt % of at least one metal selected from Ag, Pt, Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Bi, Zr and Mo as cocatalyst, and the balance of at least one support selected from alumina, silica or titania. The present invention further relates to its preparation, its use in removal of alkynes from alkyne-enriched C4 cuts through selective hydrogenation and its regeneration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for opening naphthenic rings of naphthenic ring-containing compounds, along with catalysts which can be used in that process. The naphthene ring opening catalyst is a catalyst which comprises at least one of a Group VIII metal selected from Ir, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ru in an amount effective to ring open naphthene rings on naphthene ring-containing compounds, the metal being supported on a substrate comprising at least one Group IB, IIB, and IVA metal in an amount effective to moderate cracking of a naphthene ring-containing feed to form methane.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for renewing the activity of a Dispersed Active Metal (DAM) catalyst during operation of a reactor wherein the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to produce a mixture of hydrocarbons is being carried out comprising withdrawing a mixture of hydrocarbons and a portion of the DAM catalyst, reducing the hydrocarbon content thereof, heating the mixture above the melting temperature of at least one of the metals of the DAM to form a melt, removing any slag that forms on the melt, cooling the melt to form a solid, reducing the particle size thereof to form a renewed particulate DAM catalyst, which is then returned to the reactor. Wherein the DAM catalyst is a Raney catalyst, a leachable metal is added to the reduced hydrocarbon mixture or the melt under non-oxidizing conditions and, after the solid is reduced to a fine particle size, extracting the leachable metal with caustic.

Abstract: Acetylenic compounds in olefin streams such as mixed 1,3-butadiene were selectively hydrogenated over the supported copper catalysts on highly porous supports such as alumina, silica, etc. The preferred supports have the average pore diameter larger than about 200 Å, no micro pores, total pore volume larger than about 0.65 cc/g, and preferably less than about 230 m2/g BET surface area. The copper catalysts were preferably promoted with the Group VIII metal such as palladium to improve low activity of copper catalyst. The product stream typically contains less than 20 ppm total alkynes. Also the copper catalysts and the palladium promoted copper catalysts may be modified with zinc oxide to improve the performance of the catalysts. The reactor was loaded with two or more copper catalysts promoted with different levels of palladium.

Abstract: Novel sorbent systems for the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels are provided which are comprised of a bimetallic promotor on a particulate support such as that formed of zinc oxide and an inorganic or organic carrier. Such bimetallic promotors are formed of at least two metals of the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony and vanadium with the valence of same being reduced, preferably to zero. Processes for the production of such sorbents are provided wherein the sorbent is prepared from impregnated particulate supports or admixed to the support composite prior to particulation, drying, and calcination. Further disclosed is the use of such novel sorbents in the desulfurization of cracked-gasoline and diesel fuels whereby there is achieved not only removal of sulfur but also an increase in the olefin retention in the desulfurized product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst which comprises palladium metal as the main catalyst, tin metal or a mixture of tin and additional metals as the promoter, in combination with an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound, supported on the outer surface of a porous carrier. The catalyst is used in the process for producing allyl acetate through the oxacylation of propylene, acetic acid and oxygen in a vapor phase. The catalyst of the present invention exhibits high catalytic activity, high catalytic selectivity and high catalytic life, which greatly increases the economic utility of the oxacylation process.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: A process for preparing a supported metal catalyst composition which comprises impregnating microspheroidal support particles with a solution of at least one catalytically active metal, or precursor, drying the impregnated support particles and then treating the mobile metal, or precursor in a mobile state with a liquid comprising at least one reducing agent to deposit and immobilize the metal, or its precursor, in the support particles such that the metal, or its precursor, is distributed in the support particle in a layer below the surface of the support particle, the layer being between an inner and an outer region having a lower concentration of metal or precursor. Also, a composition comprising microspheroidal support particles having at least one catalytically active metal or precursor thereof distributed in a layer below the surface of the particles, the layer being between an inner and an outer region of the support particle each having a lower concentration of metal or precursor.

Abstract: An improved method of dispersing nanosized catalyst particles on the surface of larger catalyst carrier particles is disclosed. The coating process used is done dry and yields high effective surface area of nanosized catalyst particles coated on the surface of catalyst carrier particles. In this process, nanosized catalyst particles and catalyst carriers are mechanically mixed in a high velocity and impact force environment to which catalyst particles are embedded, or filmed, on the surface of catalyst carrier particles without using water or any other additional chemicals. The catalyst composite structure produced comprises better coating uniformity of the catalyst particle on its catalyst carrier. The catalyst particle/catalyst carrier composite produced can be applied to a support structure, such as a monolith as readily used in automotive or other applications.