Abstract: A crystalline Al phase and a crystalline TiH2 phase each having a maximum length of 200 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy to obtain a hydrogen storage material capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: The invention provides an adsorbent for removing sulfur from cracking gasoline or diesel fuel, which adsorbent comprises: (1) a carrier consisting of a source of silica, an inorganic oxide binder, and at least one oxide of metal selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB; (2) at least one accelerant metal which is capable of reducing the sulfur in oxidized state to hydrogen sulfide and has a ?<0.5, wherein ?=(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in crystal phase)/(the amount in percentage of accelerant metal in the adsorbent). The active components in the adsorbent can be evenly dispersed on the carrier in a matter close to monolayer dispersion, and which greatly improves the activity of the adsorbent. The preparation method and the use of the above adsorbent are provided.

Abstract: An adsorbent for desulfurizing cracking gasoline or diesel fuel comprising 1) pillared clay, (2) inorganic oxide binder, (3) an oxide of one or more metals selected from Groups IIB, VB and VIB, and (4) at least one metal accelerant selected from cobalt, nickel, iron and manganese. The adsorbent exhibits excellent abrasion-resistant strength and desulfurization performance.

Abstract: An absorbent composition suitable for removing mercury, arsenic or antimony from fluid streams includes 5-50% by weight of a particulate sulphided copper compound, 30-90% by weight of a particulate support material, and the remainder one or more binders, wherein the metal sulphide content of the absorbent, other than copper sulphide, is below 5% by weight.

Abstract: A particulate, heterogeneous solid CO2 absorbent composition, comprising decomposition products of Ca3Al2O6 after having been heated to a temperature between 500° C. and 925° C. in the presence of H2O and CO2 for a period of time sufficient to allow the Ca3Al2O6 to react and form the particulate, heterogeneous absorbent composition which exhibits a higher concentration of aluminium than calcium in the particle core but a higher concentration of calcium than aluminium at the particle surface. The invention also comprises a method for preparing the particulate, heterogeneous product as well as a method for utilizing the composition for separating CO2 from a process gas.

Abstract: Filter media that includes activated carbon particulates and zinc oxide particles disposed on surfaces of the activated carbon particulates. The zinc oxide particles have an average crystallite dimension that is not greater than about 50 nm.

Abstract: A material is fabricated for capturing CO2 at mid-high temperature. The material is a layered material containing Ca, Al carbonates. A higher ratio of Ca to Al helps capturing CO2. The temperature for capturing CO2 is around 600° C. The material can even release CO2 at a high temperature. Thus, the material can process looping cycles of carbonation and decarbonization at a CO2 carbonation scale of 45% gCO2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an aluminium strip, in which the aluminium strip is coated with a sorption layer which has a binder and a sorbent. The object to propose a method for producing an aluminium strip coated with a sorption layer, by means of which an aluminium strip can be coated cost-effectively having constant performance characteristics with respect to the sorption of, for example, water vapour, is achieved according to the invention by means of a method for producing an aluminium strip coated with a sorption layer by applying a suspension to the aluminium strip in the coil-coating process, which in addition to a liquid comprises at least one binder, formed as a solid, and a sorbent, and by subjecting the aluminium strip, together with the applied suspension, to a drying process, in which the binder is activated.

Abstract: An absorbent of ZSM-5 zeolite ion-exchanged with copper ion, characterized in that at least 60% or more of the copper sites in the copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite are copper (I) sites and preferably at least 70% or more of the copper (I) sites are three-oxygen-coordinated copper (I) sites.

Abstract: Cement-based composition for the embedding of a boron-containing aqueous solution, said composition being composed of a sulphoaluminate cement optionally comprising gypsum, and of a sand. Process for embedding, by cementation, of a boron-containing aqueous solution in which said aqueous solution is kneaded, mixed with said cement-based composition. Cement grout composition thus obtained.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, a process for synthesis of a complex hydride material for hydrogen storage is provided. The process includes mixing a borohydride with at least one additive agent and at least one catalyst and heating the mixture at a temperature of less than about 600° C. and a pressure of H2 gas to form a complex hydride material. The complex hydride material comprises MAlxByHz, wherein M is an alkali metal or group IIA metal, Al is the element aluminum, x is any number from 0 to 1, B is the element boron, y is a number from 0 to 13, and z is a number from 4 to 57 with the additive agent and catalyst still being present. The complex hydride material is capable of cyclic dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation and has a hydrogen capacity of at least about 4 weight percent.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising iron oxide and alumina to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The iron sulfide crystallites have diameters in the nanometer range.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising iron oxide and alumina to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The iron oxide and alumina catalyst does not require as much iron content relative to non-gaseous material in the reactor to obtain useable products.

Abstract: Porous block nano-fiber composite (110), a filtration system (10) and methods of using the same are disclosed. An exemplary porous block nano-fiber composite (110) includes a porous block (100) having one or more pores (200). The porous block nano-fiber composite (110) also includes a plurality of inorganic nano-fibers (211) formed within at least one of the pores (200).

Abstract: A mixed powder of AlH3 and MgH2 is ball-milled in a hydrogen atmosphere while applying force of 5 G through 30 G (in which G is gravitational acceleration), and the thus-obtained milled product is dehydrogenated to produce a hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material comprises an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy as a mother phase, and a crystalline Al phase having a maximum length of 100 nm or less, the crystalline Al phase being distributed as a dispersed phase in the mother phase.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a solid comprising ZnO and a binder comprising the following steps: pre-mixing powders comprising at least one ZnO powder and at least one binder (step a), mixing the paste obtained (step b), extruding (step c) the paste obtained in step b), drying the extrudates, and calcining (step d) in a stream of gas comprising oxygen.

Abstract: A high pressure hydrogen confinement apparatus according to one embodiment includes carbon nanotubes capped at one or both ends thereof with a hydrogen-permeable membrane to enable the high pressure confinement of hydrogen and release of the hydrogen therethrough. A hydrogen confinement apparatus according to another embodiment includes an array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes each having first and second ends, the second ends being capped with palladium (Pd) to enable the high pressure confinement of hydrogen and release of the hydrogen therethrough as a function of palladium temperature, wherein the array of carbon nanotubes is capable of storing hydrogen gas at a pressure of at least 1 GPa for greater than 24 hours. Additional apparatuses and methods are also presented.

Abstract: A system is provided for desulfurizing a hydrocarbon fuel containing a light amount of methanol and a slight amount of water. The desulfurization system uses a Y-type zeolite-based desulfurizing agent containing at least copper arranged upstream of the system and an X-type zeolite-based desulfurizing agent containing at least silver arranged downstream of the system and thus can maintain desulfurization effect for a long period of time.

Abstract: Methods for making high-surface area, high-porosity, stable metal oxides, such as, but not limited to materials used as adsorbents and catalyst supports include (i) forming a solvent deficient precursor mixture from a metal salt and a base and reacting the metal ions and base ions in the solvent deficient precursor mixture to form an intermediate hydroxide product (e.g., metal hydroxide or metal oxide hydroxide), (ii) causing the intermediate hydroxide to form nanoparticles (e.g., by heating), and (iii) calcining the intermediate nanoparticles to sinter the nanoparticles together and yield a highly porous, stable metal oxide aggregate having a pore structure.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of filter materials for the purification and disinfection of water, water solutions and other liquids, as well as for sterilizing filtration of injections and other solutions, for concentration of biomolecules in physiological liquids, concentration and extraction of viruses, preparation of apyrogenic water, in biocatalytic diaphragm reactors. The invention solves the problems of a new filter material production, characterized by high sorption properties, high retention efficiency of submicron electronegative particles, microorganisms, submicron non-polar particles and chemical contaminations, and, at the same time, characterized by low hydrodynamic resistance. A base of filter material is the nonwoven organic synthetic polymeric fabric, modified by the aluminum hydroxide particles, fixed to the surface of base fibers for improvement of its sorption properties and for making it positively charged.

Abstract: The disclosed sorbents are for adsorbing sulfur compounds, particularly sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, from liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, cracked gasoline, diesel, high sulfur liquid fossil fuels, ultra-low sulfur fuel (ULSF) in fuel cell applications, and mixtures thereof. The sorbent compositions comprise one or more silicates having one or more metal nitrates admixed together. The one or more metal nitrates include iron (II) or (III), zinc (II), cadmium (II) and mercury (II) nitrate. The method of preparing and using the sorbents is also provided.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for converting heavy hydrocarbon feed into lighter hydrocarbon products. The heavy hydrocarbon feed is slurried with a catalyst comprising iron oxide and alumina to form a heavy hydrocarbon slurry and hydrocracked to produce lighter hydrocarbons. The iron oxide in the catalyst converts to catalytically active iron sulfide in the presence of hydrogen and sulfur.

Abstract: In accordance with the present disclosure, a process for synthesis of a complex hydride material for hydrogen storage is provided. The process includes mixing a borohydride with at least one additive agent and at least one catalyst and heating the mixture at a temperature of less than about 600° C. and a pressure of H2 gas to form a complex hydride material. The complex hydride material comprises MAlxByHz, wherein M is an alkali metal or group IIA metal, Al is the element aluminum, x is any number from 0 to 1, B is the element boron, y is a number from 0 to 13, and z is a number from 4 to 57 with the additive agent and catalyst still being present. The complex hydride material is capable of cyclic dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation and has a hydrogen capacity of at least about 4 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention concerns materials for eliminating oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 present in exhaust gases, in particular from the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles operating in a medium which is super-stoichiometric in oxidising agents, which can adsorb oxides of nitrogen then desorb the oxides of nitrogen by elevating the temperature with respect to the adsorption temperature or by passage of a rich mixture, said materials comprising mixed oxides the metals of which are in octahedral coordination, with the octahedra connecting together so that the structure generates lamellae. Said materials adsorb oxides of nitrogen by insertion and do not become poisoned in contact with oxides of sulphur and carbon contained in the gases. In the presence of a group VIII metal, said materials are capable of eliminating oxides of nitrogen adsorbed by reduction during the passage of a rich mixture.

Abstract: Compositions and methods suitable for removing poisonous metals from hydrocarbons are provided. The compositions comprise hydrotalcite having one or more trapping metals dispersed on the outer surface thereof.

Abstract: A crystalline Al phase and a crystalline TiH2 phase each having a maximum length of 200 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy to obtain a hydrogen storage material capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorber element and to a method for the production thereof, comprising a carrier material (1) on which adsorbent particles (3) are arranged as the adsorber layer using a binding agent (2). According to the invention, the adsorber layer comprises inorganic fibers (4) and the binding agent (2) is designed as a colloid.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve hydrocarbon adsorbing property when zeolite is used as an adsorbent for hydrocarbons. The present invention provides an adsorbent for hydrocarbons characterized by comprising A Type of ?-zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (molar ratio) in a range of 10 or more and less than 200 and B Type of ?-zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (molar ratio) in a range from 200 to 1,000, and a catalyst for exhaust gas purification containing said adsorbent for hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Getter systems are provided having a phase active in the sorption of gas, inserted in the pores of a porous material. The porous material is, in turn, dispersed in a polymeric means having a low permeability to the gas to be sorbed.

Abstract: A system for reversibly storing hydrogen includes a storage tank with an internal volume with a thermally conducting composite material situated within the storage tank and having a three-dimensional and interconnected framework of a conductive metal within the internal volume of the storage tank.

Abstract: A crystalline Al phase and a crystalline TiH2 phase each having a maximum length of 200 nm or less are dispersed in an amorphous phase containing an Al—Mg alloy to obtain a hydrogen storage material capable of reversibly storing and releasing hydrogen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to treating fluid to at least reduce selenium content within the fluid, which may be an aqueous liquid and form a feed stream. The treating removes selenium that may be present in compounds, such as selenocyanate, from the feed stream based on adsorption from contact of the fluid with a sorbent. Flowing a gaseous hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide containing stream over a support, such as activated carbon, may provide the sorbent impregnated with sulfur and utilized in the treating of the fluid.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, a hybrid hydrogen storage system is provided. In one embodiment, the hybrid hydrogen storage system includes: a first hydrogen storage material present at a first volume percent (%) having a first gravimetric capacity and a first volumetric capacity; and a second hydrogen storage material forming an unreacted mixture with the first hydrogen storage material and present at a second volume % being 100 volume % minus the first volume %, the second storage material having a second gravimetric capacity and a second volumetric capacity, the first gravimetric capacity at the first volume % being higher or lower than the second gravimetric capacity at the second volume %, and the first volumetric capacity at the first volume % being the other of higher or lower than the second volumetric capacity at the second volume %.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them. The sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. The sorbents comprise an active zinc component, optionally in combination with one or more promoter components and/or one or more substantially inert components. The active zinc component is a two phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) phase. Each of the two phases is characterized by a relatively small crystallite size of typically less than about 500 Angstroms. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by converting a precursor mixture, comprising a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, to the two-phase, active zinc oxide containing component.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A hydrogen storage material has been developed that comprises a metal hydride material embedded into a carbon microstructure that generally exhibits a greater bulk thermal conductivity than the surrounding bulk metal hydride material.

Abstract: A novel method for remediating metals includes treating the metals with a mesoporous nanocomposite such as HMS, MCM-41 or MCM-48. The metal is preferably lead but can be at least one metal selected from Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn, Sn, As, Sb, In, Se, Ga, Te, Bi, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ni, Cu, Sr, Ba or Co. The treating is preferably performed at a pH of about 4 to about 12. In the invention, the treating can also include desorbing the metal from the mesoporous nanocomposite at a pH of about 2 or less.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen storage material that is formed by reacting solid precursors (a) and (b). The (a) precursor is a compound containing X—H and Y—H bonds, where X is a Group 13 and Y is a Group 15 element. Preferably X is boron (B—H) and Y is nitrogen (N—H). Most preferably, the precursor (a) is borazane. The (b) precursor is preferably a hydride, such as LiH or LiAlH4. Another feature of the present invention is a novel hydrogen storage composition material that is formed as an intermediate (INT) in the reaction of the (a) with the (b) precursors. The INT hydrogen storage material can be a quaternary B—H—Li—N composition. Other aspects of hydrogen storage materials are provided herein.

Abstract: An odor filtration media having a chemical reagent which removes odor causing fluid contaminants from a fluid stream through the use of granular or shaped media have a chemical composition including permanganate is provided. A method of producing the odor absorbing media having a chemical reagent is also provided and comprises the steps of mixing H2O, KMnO4, and at least one salt adding ions or ionic compounds selected from the group consisting of Na+, Li+, K+, NH4+, Cl?, SO42?, BO32?, CO32?, PO43?, NO3? and combinations thereof, or from the group consisting of Na+, Li+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl?, BO32?, NO3? and combinations thereof, forming an impregnating solution. The impregnating solution is heated and combined with a support material to form a coherent mass.

Abstract: A method of preparing a composition comprising dry mixing commercial grade alumina and a solid sulfating agent to form a mixture and calcining the mixture to form a sulfated alumina support.

Abstract: Sorption media for removal of contaminants from fluid streams are provided. The sorption media comprise an active compound bound or linked to a support substrate or matrix. Support substrates can include iron- and alumina-based materials. A method for making sorption media for the removal of contaminants from fluid streams is also described. The method includes selecting a support substrate, and, optionally, providing a doping mixture comprising an active compound. The selected support substrate can be contacted with the doping mixture to form a doped mixture. The doped mixture can be reacted at a predetermined temperature and atmospheric environment for a predetermined duration to form an active media, wherein the active compound is bound or linked to the support substrate.

Abstract: An absorbent composition suitable for removing mercury, arsenic or antimony from fluid streams includes 5-50% by weight of a particulate sulphided copper compound, 30-90% by weight of a particulate support material, and the remainder one or more binders, wherein the metal sulphide content of the absorbent, other than copper sulphide, is below 5% by weight.

Abstract: A method for the production of a composition comprising a metal containing compound, a silica containing material, a promoter, and alumina is disclosed. The composition can then be utilized in a process for the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to zeolitic compositions of at least one A, X, Y zeolite and/or chabazite and at least one clinoptilolite type of zeolite. These zeolitic compositions can be used in adsorption methods for removing H2O and/or CO2 and/or H2S present in gas or liquid mixtures, particularly for purifying natural gas, acid gases, alcohols and mercaptans.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon trap comprises an Ag-zeolite which is heated by a unique steaming regimen.

Abstract: A method of producing an adsorption medium to remove at least one constituent from a feed stream. The method comprises dissolving and/or suspending at least one metal compound in a solvent to form a metal solution, dissolving polyacrylonitrile into the metal solution to form a PAN-metal solution, and depositing the PAN-metal solution into a quenching bath to produce the adsorption medium. The at least one constituent, such as arsenic, selenium, or antimony, is removed from the feed stream by passing the feed stream through the adsorption medium. An adsorption medium having an increased metal loading and increased capacity for arresting the at least one constituent to be removed is also disclosed. The adsorption medium includes a polyacrylonitrile matrix and at least one metal hydroxide incorporated into the polyacrylonitrile matrix.

Abstract: A material is fabricated for capturing CO2 at mid-high temperature. The material is a layered material containing Ca, Al carbonates. A higher ratio of Ca to Al helps capturing CO2. The temperature for capturing CO2 is around 600° C. The material can even release CO2 at a high temperature. Thus, the material can process looping cycles of carbonation and decarbonization at a CO2 carbonation scale of 45% gCO2/g.

Abstract: Wide mesoporous alumina composites are produced by an “in situ reaction” route comprising agglomeration of an alumina powder that is capable of rehydration together with a second reactive powder such as carbonate. In one method of production, the powders are fed to a rotating forming device that is continuously sprayed with liquid under conditions to form particulates. The discharging beads are then subjected to curing and thermal activation to produce the final catalyst or adsorbent. The alumina participates in a pore altering process involving the carbonate component upon formation of hydroxycarbonate intermediates such as Dawsonite. Large fraction of the pore volume of the final product consists of wide mesopores in the 15-50 nanometers range. The alumina composites exhibit a characteristic trimodal pore structure that includes also small micro-meso pores and macropores larger than 200 nanometers.

Abstract: A method to prepare porous medium decorated with nanoparticles involves contacting a suspension of nanoparticles in an ionic liquid with a porous medium such that the particles diffuse into the pores of the medium followed by heating the resulting composition to a temperature equal to or greater than the thermal decomposition temperature of the ionic liquid resulting in the removal of the liquid portion of the suspension. The nanoparticles can be a metal, an alloy, or a metal compound. The resulting compositions can be used as catalysts, sensors, or separators.