Abstract: A method of making a carbon binder-reinforced carbon fiber composite is provided using carbonized asphaltenes as the carbon binder. Combinations of carbon fiber and asphaltenes are also provided, along with the resulting composites and articles of manufacture.

Abstract: The methods for treatment using an adsorbent having a high adsorbability, and capable of adsorbing a large amount of toxins during a retention period in an intestine, and of remarkably increasing an adsorption amount of compounds having a large molecular weight.

Abstract: An adsorbent for an oral administration, comprising a spherical activated carbon wherein an average particle diameter is 50 to 200 ?m, a specific surface area determined by a BET method is 700 m2/g or more, and a bulk density is less than 0.54 g/mL is disclosed. The adsorbent for an oral administration has a high adsorbability, and is capable of adsorbing a large amount of toxins during a retention period in an intestine, and of remarkably increasing an adsorption amount of compounds having a large molecular weight.

Abstract: A gas mixture preheated to high temperatures using an oxy-fuel, an oxygen-enriched air-fuel or an air-fuel burner is used to devolatilize and partially oxidize carbonaceous feedstock, thereby producing an active residual char that can be used in applications utilizing activated carbon. Use of hot gas and ground carbonaceous feedstock allows the equipment to be minimized, thereby allowing the activated carbon to be produced at or near points of use, for example the production of activated char at or near utility boilers for use in the reduction of mercury emissions from flue gas streams.

Abstract: A method of processing spent ion-exchange resins contaminated with suspended particles, inorganic residues and/or organic foreign matter so as to render the resin ineffective for continued use, by which method this waste material can be processed to produce useful activated carbon particles instead of simply being dumped in a landfill. In accordance with the invention, granular spent organic ion-exchange resin having an ash content of from 5 to 30% is first dried, then carbonized under a substantially inert atmosphere at a temperature of 300 to 900° C., the inert atmosphere containing 0.2 to 4 volume percent oxygen up to 400° C., and finally activated at a temperature of at least 700° C. under a substantially inert atmosphere containing 3 to 50 volume percent steam.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mesoporous carbon material in the form of filaments having a high surface area. A process is also provided to produce mesoporous carbon material of high surface area. The process comprises drying a carbon material, surface oxidizing the dried material, stabilizing the surface oxidized material, and activating the stabilized material to produce a highly activated, mesoporous material.

Abstract: Granulated activated carbon is produced by an improved process which involves carbonizing pellets of a styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer matrix with concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures up to at least 750.degree. C., followed by activation at temperatures of 800.degree. C. to 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing a molecular sieve carbon, which comprises subjecting a cured product obtained by curing a raw material thermosetting resin to heat oxidation; pulverizing the oxidized product formed after the heat oxidation treatment; granulating the resulting pulverized product; subjecting the resulting granule to carbonization; subjecting the carbonized charcoal obtained in the carbonizing step to heat treatment; and adjusting the pore size of the heat-treated carbonized charcoal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of high-strength activated coke for desulfurization and denitrification. The process comprises forming a mixture of plural coals of different caking properties and a binder, said mixture containing said coal of higher caking property in an amount of 10-50 wt. %, subjecting the thus-formed mixture to oxidization treatment in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1-18 vol. % and a temperature of 50.degree.-250.degree. C., subjecting the thus-treated mixture to carbonization treatment under conditions of an oxygen concentration not higher than 8 vol. %, a heating efficiency of 10.degree.-50.degree. C./min and a final temperature 600.degree.-900.degree. C., and then subjecting again the thus-carbonized mixture to oxidation treatment at an oxygen concentration of 3-18 vol. % and a temperature of 200.degree.-600.degree. C.

Abstract: Treatment of a wet activated carbon with carbon dioxide or with carbon dioxide followed by air results in a carbon having a reduced contact pH. The activated carbon is characterized by a modified contact pH less than about 9.0 and typically between about 7.3 and 9.0. Use of this carbon in a water treatment system eliminates the excessive effluent water pH rise which commonly occurs with activated carbon.

Abstract: A process is provided for the removal of peroxides from gaseous or liquid media. The improvement is provided by the use of a carbonaceous char active for peroxide decomposition which is prepared by the carbonization and oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous coal-like material at temperatures below 700.degree. C. followed by exposure of the carbonized, oxidized char to a nitrogen-containing compound during the initial calcination and condensation of the carbon structure as the temperature is raised to above 700.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the manufacture of a catalytically-active carbonaceous char capable of rapidly decomposing hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions. The process of the invention uses a low temperature carbonization and extensive oxidation of a bituminous coal or bituminous coal-like material followed by exposure to a nitrogen-containing compound at high temperatures during the initial calcination and/or activation. The resultant catalytically-active chars have the ability to rapidly decompose aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide and are useful for catalytic conversion of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x, chloramines, and/or peroxides in liquid and/or gaseous streams.

Abstract: Carbonaceous chars capable of catalytically decomposing aqueous hydrogen peroxide at higher rates at given char densities than other known catalytic chars are provided for. This improvement is provided by an increase in the catalytic activity at a given char density of the said catalytically-active carbonaceous char. The catalytically-active carbonaceous chars are useful for, but not limited to, the catalytic conversion of H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.x, NO.sub.x, peroxides, and/or chloramines in liquid and/or gaseous media.

Abstract: A coconut shell char having a high oxygen volumetric capacity is provided by crushing and sizing coconut shells to form granules which are then heated in flowing inert gas at a temperature ramp rate of about 2.degree. to 12.degree. C. per minute to a peak temperature of 775.degree. to 900.degree. C. which is then held so that the total heating time is up to 8 hours and thereafter the granular char is cooled in an inert gas atmosphere. The granular char thus produced is oxygen selective in air separation without further modification to narrow the openings of its micropores and has an oxygen volumetric capacity in excess of 8.0 cc/cc. Further modification of this char is provided by contacting it with an oxidizing atmosphere of carbon dioxide or a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide, H.sub.2 O or O.sub.2 at temperatures ranging from 650.degree. to 900.degree. C. until the gasified char has been altered so that its volumetric oxygen capacity is greater than 9.0 cc/cc.

Abstract: A method which minimizes macropore formation while producing microporous carbon comprises a two stage process. Firstly, the carbon is heated to a temperature in the range of about 150.degree. to about 200.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen for a time in the range of about forty-five to about seventy-five minutes, then purging the reaction environment of oxygen at this temperature with nitrogen. In the second stage, the carbon is heated to a temperature in the range of about 750.degree. to about 900.degree. C. under a stream of nitrogen for a time in the range of about fifteen to forty-five minutes. The process is repeated a number of times, the number being dependent on the extent of microporosity desired.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a carbon catalyst for use in NO.sub.x reduction with ammonia catalyzed by active carbons and active cokes is described. The new carbon catalyst exhibits improved catalytic activity and hence a higher yield in NO. In the manufacturing process, a mixture of ground, oxidized hard coal and binders is moulded, carbonized at temperatures between 700.degree. and 900.degree. C., and then activated with steam at a temperature of 800.degree. to 850.degree. C. for 45 to 100 minutes, until a degree of activation of 5 to 15% is obtained.

Abstract: An activated carbon sorbent in which oxygen has been substantially removed from said carbon by outgassing and said oxygen has been replaced by subsequent reaction of the outgassed carbon with a passivating substance.

Abstract: A method of making a catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas from an engine including steps of preparing corrugated metallic panels and plane metallic panels, laminating the plane metallic panels with the corrugated metallic panels alternatively side by side to form a honeycomb structure of a metallic carrier, forming at least two layers of a base coat portion and an over coat portion of alumina based coating on the metallic carrier sequentially, and impregnating catalytic components into at least the outermost layer of the alumina based coating.

Abstract: Molecular sieve carbon fibers capable of separating and purifying nitrogen from air in large quantities are provided. The carbon fibers have diameters of 5 to 50 .mu.m and micropores opening directly at the surface of the carbon fibers with pore sizes of 0.5 nm or less. They are capable of separating nitrogen at a purity of 98% or higher, even 99.9% or higher from air, etc., with a relatively low adsorbing pressure and deadsorbing vacuum. The molecular sieve carbon fibers do not deteriorate during operation since they are resistant to division or powdering and the adsorbing pressure and deadsorbing vacuum are relatively low.

Abstract: An improved process which makes possible the expeditious formation of activated carbon fibers having high absorptivity characteristics is provided. A polybenzimidazole fibrous material is contacted with a solution of an acid (e.g. sulfuric acid) so as to form a polybenzimidazonium salt (as described), and the resulting fibrous material is preoxidized, carbonized, and activated under the conditions defined which have been found to reliably and expeditiously yield the desired product. The resulting activated carbon fiber product exhibits a dynamic weight absorptivity of at least 100 mg. of CCl.sub.4 per gram, and particularly is suited for the formation of protective garments having highly satisfactory sorptive characteristics.