Abstract: A process for producing a cathode or anode material adapted for use in the manufacture of fast rechargeable ion batteries. The process may include the steps of Selecting an precursor material that, upon heating in a gas stream, releases volatile compounds to create porous materials to generate a material compound suitable for an electrode in an ion battery. Grinding the precursor material to produce a powder of particles with a first predetermined particle size distribution to form a precursor powder. Calcining the precursor powder in a flash calciner reactor segment with a first process gas at a first temperature to produce a porous particle material suitable for an electrode in an ion battery, and having the pore properties, surface area and nanoscale structures for applications in such batteries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an activated carbon sheet, and particularly relates to an activated carbon sheet for air purification comprising activated carbon, which is suitable for removing volatile organic compounds in the passenger compartment of an automobile or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a sheet that is excellent in toluene adsorption capacity and flame retardancy. An activated carbon sheet for air purification comprising an activated carbon fiber, granular or powdered activated carbon, and a fibrillated fiber, wherein a mass (g/m2) of the activated carbon fiber is 5 g/m2 or more, a pressure loss as measured by a method set forth below is 150 Pa or less, and a burn distance as measured by the FMVSS 302 burning test is 51 mm or less: <pressure loss test method> the method is conducted in accordance with JIS B 9927:1999 “Appendix (Standard) Cleanroom—Air filters—Test methods”, 3.

Abstract: A process for forming a pure carbon product has the steps of soaking charcoal with hydrochloric acid to remove solids from the charcoal, removing the hydrochloric acid from the soaked charcoal, drying the charcoal, grinding the dried charcoal into a fine powder, mixing water with the fine powder, washing the fine powder, removing the water so as to from a charcoal slurry, and drying the charcoal slurry so as to form the pure carbon powder. The charcoal slurry has a skim on the surface thereof. The skim is removed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a carbon dioxide adsorbent includes: forming a kneaded product containing a hydrophilic fiber, a powdery porous material, and an aqueous hydrophilic binder dispersion into particles and drying the particles to generate porous material particles containing the hydrophilic fiber and the powdery porous material combined by the hydrophilic binder; and preparing an aqueous amine solution having an amine concentration of 5% or more and 70% or less and a temperature of 10° C. or higher and 100° C. or lower, impregnating the aqueous amine solution into the porous material particles, and aeration-drying the porous material particles impregnating the amine. The carbon dioxide adsorbent contains the porous material particles and the amine carried by the porous material particles, the porous material particles containing the hydrophilic fiber and the powdery porous material combined by the hydrophilic binder.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter disclosed herein includes multiple novel filter media made of activated rice husks, as well as filtration systems and methods for removing contaminants from an aqueous solution, such as wastewater produced as a byproduct of various industrial processes, including mining, oil and gas exploration and extraction, farming, manufacturing, and the like.

Abstract: A carbon adsorbent adapted for adsorptive storage and subsequent desorptive release of a decomposition-susceptible gas is described. Such carbon adsorbent comprises porosity in which mesopore volume is less than 0.25 cm3/gm of carbon adsorbent, in which the porosity comprises at least 80% by volume micropores, and at least 65% by volume of the micropores have pore diameter in a range of from 0.3 to 0.72 nm. The carbon adsorbent has a nitrogen adsorption BET surface area greater than 800 m2/g of carbon adsorbent, measured at 77° K, and a bulk density that is greater than 0.55 g/cc of carbon adsorbent. The carbon adsorbent can be utilized in gas storage and dispensing packages of varying type, to provide a safe and reliable source of decomposition-susceptible gas, e.g., acetylene for applications such as gas welding/cutting applications, atomic absorption spectroscopy applications, chemical synthesis and microelectronic products manufacturing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbon nanocomposite sorbents. The present invention provides carbon nanocomposite sorbents, methods for making the same, and methods for separation of a pollutant from a gas that includes that pollutant. Various embodiments provide a method for reducing the mercury content of a mercury-containing gas.

Abstract: Methods for activating charcoal resulting from biomass gasification are provided. Exemplary methods include gasifying biomass in a gasification reactor of an integrated biomass gasification system to produce charcoal; and activating charcoal using heat generated from an integral heat source of the integrated biomass gasification system. The methods include activation of charcoal resulting from biomass gasification in a more efficient, economical manner, thereby increasing the value of biomass gasification with minimal investment in the process.

Abstract: Mesoporous activated carbon is disclosed. In at least some embodiments, virgin activated carbon to be processed may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. The enhanced activated carbon may be produced through a calcium-catalyzed activation process. A chelator may also be used. Catalyzed thermal activation may be carried out until a desired mass loss is achieved.

Abstract: Mesoporous activated carbon is disclosed. In at least some embodiments, virgin activated carbon to be processed may be coconut shell-based. The enhanced activated carbon may have a mesopore structure of at least about 10%. The enhanced activated carbon may be produced through a calcium-catalyzed activation process. A chelator may also be used. Catalyzed thermal activation may be carried out until a desired mass loss is achieved.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed herein is carbon nanomaterial and carbon based nanocomposites by pyrolysis of dead leaves and other similar natural waste material. In particular, the invention relates to synthesis of valuable functional carbon materials and their nanocomposites from different waste materials such as plant dead leaves and their use in high value added product applications.

Abstract: A carbon pyrolyzate adsorbent is described that is selective for carbon dioxide in contact with gas mixtures including carbon dioxide and methane. The adsorbent has a carbon dioxide adsorbent capacity at 1 bar pressure of greater than 50 cm3 carbon dioxide per gram of adsorbent at 273K, a methane adsorption capacity at 1 bar pressure of less than 35 cm3 methane per gram of adsorbent at 21° C., and a bulk density of greater than 0.55 gram per cubic centimeter of volume. Such adsorbent can be utilized, for example, for biogas upgrading, natural gas purification, coal bed methane purification, and refining operations.

Abstract: Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) technology is an energy efficient approach for storing NG at room temperature and low pressure. ANG technology can be applied to several aspects of the NG industry. The usage of an adsorbent material in natural gas storage and transport may provide increased storage density of NG at a given pressure and decreased pressure of gaseous fuel at a given gas density. Such adsorbent materials have been shown to store substantial quantities of natural gas at relatively modest pressures. Because lower-pressure vessels can be far less expensive than comparable sized high-pressure vessels, ANG based storage can be used to lower the cost of storing natural gas in various applications.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: Methods for activating charcoal resulting from biomass gasification are provided. Exemplary methods include gasifying biomass in a gasification reactor of an integrated biomass gasification system to produce charcoal; and activating charcoal using heat generated from an integral heat source of the integrated biomass gasification system. The methods include activation of charcoal resulting from biomass gasification in a more efficient, economical manner, thereby increasing the value of biomass gasification with minimal investment in the process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing an adsorbent. The method includes hydrophilizing a surface of activated carbon with an oxidizing agent, and immersing the activated carbon in a solution of a basic compound.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing an oxygenated biochar material possessing a cation-exchanging property, wherein a biochar source is reacted with one or more oxygenating compounds in such a manner that the biochar source homogeneously acquires oxygen-containing cation-exchanging groups in an incomplete combustion process. The invention is also directed to oxygenated biochar compositions and soil formulations containing the oxygenated biochar material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high surface area porous carbon material and a process for making this material. In particular, the carbon material is derived from biomass and has large mesopore and micropore surfaces that promote improved adsorption of materials and gas storage capabilities.

Abstract: A process for the production of low-temperature activated or partially activated partially decomposed organic matter for use as an ion-exchange medium comprising the steps of granulating partially decomposed moisture-bearing organic matter, drying the granules and activating the granules at a temperature of about 175-520° C., wherein the granule has a hardness and cation-exchange capacity suitable for a particular application desired.

Abstract: A method for producing an activated carbon material includes heating a non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor to form a carbon material and reacting the carbon material with steam to form an activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: A method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of mixing a plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture, applying a magnetic force to the mixture to attract the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material, and removing said plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material from said body of water while maintaining the applied magnetic force, wherein the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material.

Abstract: A method of preparing activated carbon, is disclosed, comprising: exposing carbonaceous material to microwave radiation in the presence of water to produce activated carbon.

Abstract: A method for modifying the properties of a sorbent comprising washing a sorbent with a washing solution so as to achieve an exchange of ions between the sorbent and the washing solution, and applying a halogen compound to the sorbent that has been washed with the washing solution to achieve a predetermined concentration of the halogen on the sorbent.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing powdered coffee carbons from spent coffee grounds includes: washing spent coffee grounds, dehydrating same, and conveying same to a pre-carbonation oven for drying and pre-carbonization; removing the pre-carbonized spent coffee grounds, soaking same in a solution mixed with a predetermined quantity of sodium carbonate for a predetermined period of time for grease removal, and washing the grease free spent coffee grounds; pouring the pre-carbonized spent coffee grounds into a post-carbonization oven and heating same to the range of 600 to 650° C. to carbonize the pre-carbonized spent coffee grounds so that the carbonized spent coffee grounds have a porous structure; supplying saturated steam between 850 and 950° C. to the carbonized spent coffee carbons for activation; and operating a wet grinder to grind the activated spent coffee carbons until powdered coffee carbons having a size between 0.1 and 20 ?m are obtained.

Abstract: A sorbent structure comprising a continuous activated carbon body in the form of a flow-through substrate; and an additive provided on the flow-through substrate, wherein the additive is capable of enhancing the sorption of CO2 on the sorbent structure. Methods of making the sorbent structure, its use for CO2 capture, and methods for regenerating the structure for further use.

Abstract: Preparation of a molecularly imprinted carbon is described. The molecularly imprinted carbon has a surface that is imprinted on the molecular level for a specific template molecule of interest, making it highly selective for analytes corresponding to at least a portion of the template molecule. Devices including the molecularly imprinted carbon and their use in methods of detecting analytes are also described. As an example, dibutyl butylphosphonate (DBBP), a surrogate for chemical warfare agents, was used as a template molecule. Electrospun molecularly imprinted SU-8 and pyrolyzed polymer (PP) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) devices were prepared; their ability to preferentially extract DBBP from an aqueous matrix, with and without interferences present, was evaluated via comparison with non-imprinted SU-8 and PP SPME fibers. The electrospun devices demonstrated a higher selectivity for DBBP, as evidenced by their extraction time profiles.

Abstract: Organic, small pore area materials (“SPMs”) are provided comprising open cell foams in unlimited sizes and shapes. These SPMs exhibit minimal shrinkage and cracking. Processes for preparing SPMs are also provided that do not require supercritical extraction. These processes comprise sol-gel polymerization of a hydroxylated aromatic in the presence of at least one suitable electrophilic linking agent and at least one suitable solvent capable of strengthening the sol-gel. Also disclosed are the carbonized derivatives of the organic SPMs.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for producing an oxygenated biochar material possessing a cation-exchanging property, wherein a biochar source is reacted with one or more oxygenating compounds in such a manner that the biochar source homogeneously acquires oxygen-containing cation-exchanging groups in an incomplete combustion process. The invention is also directed to oxygenated biochar compositions and soil formulations containing the oxygenated biochar material.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing activated charcoal from a precursor material comprising high mineral content plant or algal material by heating the precursor material under suitable conditions sufficient to produce activated charcoal therefrom. The invention also provides various applications of the activated charcoal per se.

Abstract: A process for the production of low-temperature activated or partially activated partially decomposed organic matter for use as an ion-exchange medium comprising the steps of granulating partially decomposed moisture-bearing organic matter, drying the granules and activating the granules at a temperature of about 175-520° C., wherein the granule has a hardness and cation-exchange capacity suitable for a particular application desired.

Abstract: Porous carbon materials and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. One method includes forming a carbon-metal oxide composite by heating a coordination polymer to form a carbon-metal oxide composite, and then removing the metal oxide from the carbon-metal oxide composite. The porous carbon material has an average pore diameter ranging from about 10 nm to about 100 nm, and a d002 ranging from about 3.35 to 3.50 ?.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant fabric comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant fabric may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: The adsorption properties of the adsorbent product, based on a porous mineral such as particularly pumice stone, result from the carbon formed on the walls of the pores of the mineral by cracking of an organic product, such as sugar or treatment plant sludges, previously impregnated in the pores of the mineral, the carbon thus formed making the product hydrophobic. After absorption of pollutant hydrocarbons by the product, the impregnated mineral is heated in a heat treatment unit, in the absence of oxygen, to bring it to a sufficient temperature to evaporate the hydrocarbons and/or decompose by cracking the organic product or hydrocarbon molecules and form or regenerate the carbon deposit. Application to the manufacture and to the recycling of an adsorbent product for the depollution particularly of bodies of waters or rivers polluted by hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant fabric comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant fabric may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: Organic, small pore area materials (“SPMs”) are provided comprising open cell foams in unlimited sizes and shapes. These SPMs exhibit minimal shrinkage and cracking. Processes for preparing SPMs are also provided that do not require supercritical extraction. These processes comprise sol-gel polymerization of a hydroxylated aromatic in the presence of at least one suitable electrophilic linking agent and at least one suitable solvent capable of strengthening the sol-gel. Also disclosed are the carbonized derivatives of the organic SPMs.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant fabric comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant fabric may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant fabric comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant fabric may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: A photocatalyst is provided that comprises activated carbon produced from date pits, impregnated with TiO2. The activated carbon can have a porous surface that can attract and trap pollutants flowing in air or water. The photocatalyst can be made by a method that includes preparing activated carbon by calcining date pits to form a precursor material, and then impregnating the precursor material with titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant coating comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant coating may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an adsorbent comprising: a) 20-30% porous carbon with incorporated organic nitrogen species; and b) 70-80% inorganic matter. The invention is directed to a method of making an adsorbent which comprises: a) thermally drying dewatered sewage sludge to form granulated organic fertilizer; and b) pyrolyzing said the organic fertilizer at temperatures between 600 and 1000° C. The invention is additionally directed to the process of removing acidic gases from wet air streams comprising putting an adsorbent in contact with the wet air stream and allowing the adsorbent to adsorb the acidic gases.

Abstract: Chars may be produced by carbonization or pyrolysis of poultry manure. Chars produced from poultry manure by the method described herein exhibit enhanced activity for metal ion adsorption.

Abstract: A sorbent structure comprising a continuous activated carbon body in the form of a flow-through substrate; and an additive provided on the flow-through substrate, wherein the additive is capable of enhancing the sorption of CO2 on the sorbent structure. Methods of making the sorbent structure, its use for CO2 capture, and methods for regenerating the structure for further use.

Abstract: The invention concerns high performance adsorbents based on activated carbon of high microporosity which are present in the form of discrete grains of activated carbon, preferably in spherical form, and which are characterized by the following parameters: a Gurvich total pore volume of at least 0.7 cm3/g, at least 70% of this total pore volume being formed by micropores having pore diameters of ?20 ?, a measure of central tendency pore diameter of not more than 30 ?, and a BET surface area of at least 1500 m2/g. These high performance adsorbents are particularly useful for the adsorption of toxins, noxiants and odors, in particular from gas or to be more precise air streams, for purifying or cleaning gases, such as in particular air, for application in medicine or to be more precise pharmacy and as sorptive storage media for gases, in particular hydrogen.

Abstract: A gas mixture preheated to high temperatures using an oxy-fuel, an oxygen-enriched air-fuel or an air-fuel burner is used to devolatilize and partially oxidize carbonaceous feedstock, thereby producing an active residual char that can be used in applications utilizing activated carbon. Use of hot gas and ground carbonaceous feedstock allows the equipment to be minimized, thereby allowing the activated carbon to be produced at or near points of use, for example the production of activated char at or near utility boilers for use in the reduction of mercury emissions from flue gas streams.

Abstract: By a process for producing a porous carbon material from a plant-derived material as a raw material, said process including carbonizing the plant-derived material at 800° C. to 1,400° C. and then applying a treatment with an acid or alkali, a porous carbon material having a value of specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g as measured by the nitrogen BET method, a silicon content of at most 1 wt % and a pore volume of at least 0.1 cm3/g is obtainable from a plant-derived material, which has a silicon content of at least 10 wt %, as a raw material. Also provided is a process for producing a porous carbon material equipped with excellent functionality so that the porous carbon material can be used, for example, as an anode material for batteries, an adsorbent, masks, adsorbing sheets, or carriers.

Abstract: A method for treating saturated activated coke comprises the following steps: A) The saturated activated coke is subjected to a dehydration treatment so that the water content in the activated coke is ?25%; B) The product obtained from step A is dried at a starting temperature of 120° C.-150° C.; C) The product obtained from step B is subjected to dry distillation and the condition of the dry distillation is that: by heating to a final temperature for the drying of 500° C.-600° C. at a speed of 4° C.-10° C./min and maintaining for 10-60 minutes, the organics adsorbed on the surface and in the pores of the activated coke is cracked, volatilized and carbonized; D) The product obtained from step C is activated and the activation condition is that: after heating to 800° C.-950° C. at 2° C.-8° C./min, a stream is supplied, wherein the weight ratio of the activated coke to the stream is 1:0.5-5 and the activation time is 0.5-2 h. The activated coke after several times of treatment can be used as the fuel.

Abstract: Activated carbon adapted for electric double layer capacitors is provided, which capacitors can give a large power density per unit volume and which capacitors, even when charge-and-discharge cycle is repeated under a large current or a constant voltage is continuously applied for a long time, undergo less decrease in output density. In particular, the present invention relates to the activated carbon manufactured by carbonization of coconut shell, which has a BET specific surface area of 2000 m2/g to 2500 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 1.95 nm (19.5 ?) to 2.20 nm (22 ?) and a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter calculated according to a Cranston-Inkley method of 5.0 nm (50 ?) to 30.0 nm (300 ?), of 0.05 cm3/g to 0.15 cm3/g.

Abstract: Activated carbons may be produced by carbonization of poultry manure, followed by activation of carbonized manure. Carbons produced from poultry manure by the method described herein exhibit enhanced activity for metal ion adsorption.

Abstract: Organic, small pore area materials (“SPMs”) are provided comprising open cell foams in unlimited sizes and shapes. These SPMs exhibit minimal shrinkage and cracking. Processes for preparing SPMs are also provided that do not require supercritical extraction. These processes comprise sol-gel polymerization of a hydroxylated aromatic in the presence of at least one suitable electrophilic linking agent and at least one suitable solvent capable of strengthening the sol-gel. Also disclosed are the carbonized derivatives of the organic SPMs.