Abstract: An activated carbon composition is disclosed, which includes an activated carbon and a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is prepared by immersing an activated carbon in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is used for purifying aqueous solutions by providing a bed of the activated carbon composition and passing the aqueous solution through the bed of the activated carbon composition. The aqueous solution is passed through the bed such that the flow of the aqueous solution to be purified into the bed and the flow of purified aqueous solution from the bed has a pH differential less than ±1 pH.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for manufacturing a carbonaceous sorbent, particularly activated carbon, that uses lower average residence times and/or higher operating temperatures to produce activated carbon having favorable properties for mercury collection.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a specific process for producing activated carbon in spherical form, starting with organic polymer spherules based on styrene and divinylbenzene, wherein said polymer spherules contain chemical groups leading to the formation of free radicals and thus to cross-linkages by their thermal decomposition, in particular sulfonic acid groups. Furthermore, various application purposes for the thus-produced activated carbon spherules are named.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for charcoal production and activation, wherein a multipurpose furnace system is utilized to manufacture high grade charcoal from hardwood starting materials, which, in turn, promotes the manufacture of activated charcoal, while providing a viable and significant cost saving alternative to ongoing, intensive worldwide, efforts to increase yield and quality of charcoal product.

Abstract: The humic-mineral agent from naturally occurring carbon-series humites and caustobioliths comprises humic acids and salts thereof, naturally hydrated humic acids, hydrolyzed humic acids, hydrated and hydrolyzed humic-mineral and mineral complexes of parent carbon-series humites and caustobioliths chemically bound to the naturally hydrated humic acids. The method for preparing a humic-mineral agent comprises crushing and disintegrating of carbon-series humites and caustobioliths and mixing them with an alkali. The carbon-series humites and caustobioliths are crushed and disintegrated when their moisture content is close to the natural level at which humic acids are in a naturally hydrated state, hot water is added to the. Next an alkali is added thereto and the mixture is hydrolyzed till obtaining the end product having consistency from viscous-flow to plastic and the pH value of from 6.5 to 8. The method for detoxication of polluted soil.

Abstract: A catalyst carrier including a surface layer of oxygen-donating oxide, particularly cerine, is disclosed. A catalytic phase deposited on said carrier generally includes platinum and rhodium, thus forming a catalytic system for exhaust pipes, said catalytic phase being readily recoverable by simple leaching.

Abstract: A method for obtaining activated carbons from a partly mesophased and partly mesogenic pitch containing less than about 40% of the a resins, more than about 40% of type ? resins and between about 5 and 30% of type ? resins by activating the pitch preceded by its optional carbonization.

Abstract: Activated carbon adapted for electric double layer capacitors is provided, which capacitors can give a large power density per unit volume and which capacitors, even when charge-and-discharge cycle is repeated under a large current or a constant voltage is continuously applied for a long time, undergo less decrease in output density. That is, the present invention relates to the activated carbon manufactured by carbonization of coconut shell, which has a BET specific surface area of 2000 m2/g to 2500 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 1.95 nm (19.5 ?) to 2.20 nm (22 ?) and a pore volume of pores having a pore diameter calculated according to a Cranston-Inkley method of 5.0 nm (50 ?) to 30.0 nm (300 ?), of 0.05 cm3/g to 0.15 cm3/g.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: Adsorbents for removing anions of a heavy metals comprise a porous carbon in which at least one oxygen-containing compound of iron, copper, and/or aluminum is incorporated. The oxygen-containing compound may be incorporated into the porous carbon by impregnation or dispersion of a suitable precursor of such a compound. The precursor may be further treated to yield the oxygen-containing compound. Such adsorbents are particularly useful for removing arsenic and/or selenium from the environment and may be used in treating drinking water sources.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing shaped, activated charcoal. According to the method, after being ground, carbon-bearing material, or a mixture of several carbon-bearing materials are rendered homogenous with a binding agent which contains water, or a mixture of several binding agents, at least one of which contains water. The mixture of carbon-bearing material and binding agent is then formed into shaped bodies. According to the invention, in order to consolidate the grain formation, these are dried until they exhibit a maximum total water content of 3% by wt. in relation to the shaped body. The shaped bodies which have been formed and dried in this manner are then subjected to a carbonization and subsequently a gas activation process.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof. Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: Granulated products are provided and include carbonaceous particles and a carbonized agent or binder. The agent or binder is preferably a synthetic resin, pitch component, or mixture thereof Packing materials for packing columns used in chromatographic separations are also provided as are methods of chromatographic separation using the materials. In addition, methods are provided to provide a variety of different types of carbonaceous products. A variety of chemical groups can be, prior to heat-treatment and/or thereafter, attached to the granules to form modified granules.

Abstract: The invention can be summarized as follows. There is provided a method of producing activated carbon comprising the steps of a) pyrolysing corn derivatives to generate char and b) activating the char to produce activated corn carbon. Also provided are activated corn carbon products and methods employing the activated corn carbon.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a specific process for producing activated carbon in spherical form, starting with organic polymer spherules based on styrene and divinylbenzene, wherein said polymer spherules contain chemical groups leading to the formation of free radicals and thus to cross-linkages by their thermal decomposition, in particular sulfonic acid groups. Furthermore, various application purposes for the thus-produced activated carbon spherules are named.

Abstract: A carbon-based, adsorption powder containing an effective amount of cupric chloride suitable for removing mercury from a high temperature, high moisture gas stream, wherein the effective amount of cupric chloride ranges from about 1 to about 45 wt percent. Additional additives, such as potassium permanganate, calcium hydroxide, potassium iodide and sulfur, may be added to the powder to enhance the removal of mercury from the gas stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.

Abstract: The present invention provides an activated carbon produced by a process, which includes: activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid. Another embodiment of the present invention provides an electrode for an electric double-layer capacitor, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a filter, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a shaped article, which includes the above-described activated carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing activated carbon, which includes activating a carbonaceous material, to obtain an activated carbonaceous material; and contacting the activated carbonaceous material with an acid, to obtain the activated carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon molecular sieve material. It is prepared by a method comprising the step of adsorbing a mixture of an aqueous carbohydrate solution and an acid or a polymer precursor into pores of an inorganic molecular sieve material; drying and polymerizing the adsorbates; re-adsorbing a mixture of an aqueous carbohydrate solution and an acid or a polymer precursor onto the resultant mixture obtained in the previous steps, and drying and polymerizing the adsorbates; carbonizing the adsorbates through thermal decomposition; and removing the framework of the inorganic molecular sieve from the carbonized adsorbates by use of a fluoric acid or a sodium hydroxide solution. With uniformity in pore size and regularity in structure, the carbon molecular sieve is suitable for use in catalysts, adsorbents, supports, sensors, electrodes, etc.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a specific process for producing activated carbon in spherical form, starting with organic polymer spherules based on styrene and divinylbenzene, wherein said polymer spherules contain chemical groups leading to the formation of free radicals and thus to cross-linkages by their thermal decomposition, in particular sulfonic acid groups. Furthermore, various application purposes for the thus-produced activated carbon spherules are named.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of active carbon from urban waste. The waste is first stored to remove foreign materials and the size of the waste particles is reduced. The waste is dried under anaerobic conditions at a temperature range of 100° C.-150° C. and partially pyrolysed at a temperature of about 140° C.-400° C. The obtained product is granulated and the granules are carbonized under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of about 120° C.-500° C. The carbonized granules are activated in the presence of steam and combustion gases at 750° C.-900° C. Finally, the activated granules are purified by rinsing in an aqueous HCl solution, and subsequently drying the activated carbon.

Abstract: A process for removing mercury and organic compounds from gaseous stream using an adsorption powder, characterized as containing a carbon-based powder and an effective amount of cupric chloride, the process characterized by the steps of: a) placing a solid phase mercury-containing contaminated soil into a rotary kiln/drum; b) heating the kiln/drum to form gaseous and solid components of the soil; c) transferring the gaseous component to an exhaust cleaning unit/afterburner, and transferring the soil component to a cooling unit; d) heating the gaseous component in the exhaust cleaning unit/afterburner; e) cooling the gaseous component; f) adding the adsorption powder to the gaseous component; g) transferring the powder-containing, gaseous component to a baghouse; and h) releasing the substantially mercury-free gaseous component to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An molded product of activated carbon produced by molding a kneaded mixture containing an activated carbon, a solvent, and a phenol-aldehyde type resin being solid in a normal temperature and containing 50 to 95% by weight of components soluble in the solvent used, drying and curing the molding, and then carbonizing the molding in an inert gas has a high adsorption capability and a high mechanical strength, e.g., a compressive strength, especially the strength after being contacted with an acid or water.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition is disclosed, which includes an activated carbon and a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is prepared by immersing an activated carbon in an aqueous solution of a carboxylic acid containing compound. The activated carbon composition is used for purifying aqueous solutions by providing a bed of the activated carbon composition and passing the aqueous solution through the bed of the activated carbon composition. The aqueous solution is passed through the bed such that the flow of the aqueous solution to be purified into the bed and the flow of purified aqueous solution from the bed has a pH differential less than ±1 pH.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing active carbon from regenerated carbon powder by splitting of waste tires including the following steps: (1) regenerating the carbon powder by splitting of the waste tires; (2) using a fluidized bed reactor for further carbonization and activation of the carbon powder; (3) cooling and collecting the carbon powder after reaction. The process of manufacturing promotes reaction and makes uniform heating, thus carbon powder can sufficiently contact steam to speed up and make uniform of the activation, and a complete reaction can be effected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a waste incineration apparatus exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while the flue gas is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing the carbonaceous material to thermally decompose.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid activated carbon and a process for manufacturing the solid activated carbon which is particularly suitable for electrode materials used in an electric double layer capacitor and various batteries. The use of the solid activated carbon makes it possible to prepare an activated carbon substrate having high mechanical strength and practical capacitance while the content of activated carbon is high. The solid activated carbon comprises an activated carbon powder and/or an activated carbon fiber, a carburized substance of a PVA or a resin derived from PVA, and a PVA or a resin derived from PVA. The process for manufacturing the solid activated carbon comprises, molding a molding material consisting of an activated carbon powder and/or an activated carbon fiber, a PVA or a resin derived from PVA or a mixture of a PVA or a resin derived from PVA and a mesophase using a known molding method, aging the molded compact in air and heat-treating the aged compact in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of shaped activated carbon by steam activation in an continuously operating rotary tunnel kiln, by continuously drying spherically preformed raw materials in a rotary tunnel dryer with 6-fold product turnover per kiln rotation, with a product temperature of from 250 to 300° C. in the 50 to 80% kiln length range and a residence time of from 30 to 6O minutes by means of a hot gas in countercurrent, then, in an indirectly heated rotary tunnel kiln, which is subdivided into a carbonising zone and activating zone, continuously carbonising the material with 8-fold product turnover per kiln rotation and with a product temperature profile in the carbonising zone of from 850 to 900° C. and a residence time of from 120 to 180 minutes, and activating the material with a product temperature profile in the activating zone of from 910 to 920° C. and a residence time of from 480 to 720 minutes with the addition of steam in an inert-gas flow.

Abstract: A process for producing activated carbon granules in which (a) a mixture of distillation residues from isocyanate production, a carbon-containing processing auxiliary substance, and optionally one or more other additives is shaped into flowable granules; (b) the resulting granules are then carbonized at low temperatures, and (c) the carbonized product is activated. The activated carbon granules produced in this way can be used to manufacture adsorbent substrate structures loaded with this product, in particular adsorption filters, filter mats, odor filters, surface filters for protective suits against chemical poisons, and ambient air purifying filters.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly activated carbon particles derived from caustic digestion of rice hull ash obtained from thermal pyrolysis of rice hulls having an iodine number of at least 650 to 1000. The activated carbon pores are free of silicate residue from the caustic digestion. Also disclosed are methods of removing the silicate residue from the caustic silicate solution during digestion effective to substantially improve the activation of the carbon particles to commercial grade.

Abstract: Regenerative adsorption of mercury on activated carbons derived from scrap tires enables the removal and recovery of mercury from combustion/incineration flue gas, with concurrent control of SO.sub.2 and NO.sub.x. Flue gas is used for regeneration of the activated carbon, and mercury stripped from the activated carbon is recovered downstream of the regenerator.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for decreasing chemical contamination in subsurface water bearing geological formations, comprising an oxidized form of lignitic coal, or its derivatives, preferably leonardite, and at least one surface active agent. The compositions can be applied to an affected water bearing formation by conventional groundwater management methods, e.g., injection wells and groundwater extraction systems.

Abstract: A process for producing activated carbon from agricultural residues by heating the residues to a temperature in the range of about 250.degree. C. to about 550.degree. C. to volatilize organic compounds in the residues and to carbonize the residues and further heating to activate the carbonized residues. Activated carbon produced from agricultural residues.

Abstract: Active carbon having a pore size distribution obtained from a nitrogen adsorption isothermal line such that the volume of pores having a pore diameter of less than 15 .ANG. is at least 0.25 ml/g and constitutes at least 40% of the total volume of pores having a pore diameter of at most 300 .ANG., and the volume of pores having a pore diameter of from 100 to 300 .ANG. constitutes at least 10% of the total volume of pores having a pore diameter of at most 300 .ANG..

Abstract: Disclosed is a rigid fine-celled foam composition and a method of producing it. The foam composition is nontoxic, environmentally friendly, has improved absorption/adsorption and retention of liquids, is not as hard as prior art foams, does not include polymerization by-products detrimental to flower and plant life, and is a foamed mixture of a caustic silicate solution derived from the caustic digestion of rice hull ash having diffused activated carbon particles from thermal pyrolysis of rice hulls rather than from commercial sodium silicate solutions. Valuable by-products of commodity grade are obtained including activated carbon and sodium fluoride.

Abstract: A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.

Abstract: An activated carbon composition of matter is disclosed comprising a mixture of: (a) a first activated carbon having a plurality of pore sizes, pore volumes and pore surface areas sufficient to selectively adsorb fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 4,000 Angstroms; and (b) a second activated carbon having a plurality of pore sizes, pore volumes, and pore surface areas to selectively adsorb fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 4,000 Angstroms. The pore size distribution of pores in the second activated carbon that adsorbs fluids having molecular diameters from about 4 Angstroms to about 15 Angstroms is greater than that of the first activated carbon. The second activated carbon is present in an amount sufficient to provide a methane working capacity of the mixture greater than the methane working capacity of the first activated carbon.

Abstract: The porous granular material according to the invention comprises carbon, silica, water-soluble mineral salts and water-insoluble mineral salts, does not disintegrate in the presence of water and has a particle size of approximately 1 to 5 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, in particular from 1 to 2 mm; a crushing strength, or mechanical strength, in the range of 0.75 to 1 MPa; a density of between 0.7 and 0.8; a BET specific surface area of between 100 and 200 m.sup.2 /g; a microporous volume of between 0.25 and 1 cm.sup.3 /g; and a carbon content of 8 to 11 weight %, the balance being essentially made up by a mineral matrix of base nature, comprising a crystalline phase of insoluble aluminosilicates.Application, in particular, to the purification of liquids, as a catalyst in oxidation reactions and in the manufacture of composite catalysts, in particular in petrochemistry.

Abstract: A highly microporous activated carbon is disclosed which is prepared by activation of an active carbon precursor material with a potassium hydroxide solution, pre-drying the blend to below 25% moisture content, activating this blend at from about 650.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product and which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from above 8 .ANG. to 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for storing gaseous hydrocarbon fuel in storage containers under relatively low pressure by including in the cylinders highly microporous carbons prepared by further chemical activation of activated carbon comprising activation an active carbon precursor material with an alkali solution, predrying the blend to below about 25% moisture content, heat treating this blend at from about 652.degree. to about 1100.degree. C., and acid washing and drying the microporous activated carbon product, which is characterized by greater than 50% of its total pore volume comprising pores of from above 8 .ANG. to 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 70% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 20 .ANG. in width and greater than 95% of its total pore volume comprising pores of less than 50 .ANG. in width.

Abstract: A high energy density capacitor incorporating a variety of carbon foam electrodes is described. The foams, derived from the pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde and related polymers, are high density (0.1 g/cc-1.0 g/cc) electrically conductive and have high surface areas (400 m.sup.2 /g-1000 m.sup.2 /g). Capacitances on the order of several tens of farad per gram of electrode are achieved.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a carbon molecular sieve used for the separation of oxygen from nitrogen, which comprises the steps of:(a) milling hard coal to a grain size of 95%<20.mu.m;(b) oxidizing the finely milled hard coal with air in a fluidized bed;(c) adding water and coal tar pitch as a binder and molding the finely milled hard coal into shape;(d) carbonizing the finely milled hard coal molded into shape in a rotary kiln at a temperature of 500 .degree.to 850.degree. C., with a dwelling time of 55 to 65 minutes, in order to obtain a carbonization product with a bulk density of 530 to 560 g/l;(e) activating the carbonization product with steam at to 900.degree. C. for 165 to 195 minutes to obtain a sintered carbonaceous product having a bulk density of 590 to 650 g/l; and(f) treating the sintered carbonaceous product at 750 to 850.degree. C. with carbon-splitting hydrocarbons to obtain said carbon molecular sieve.

Abstract: Natural gas is stored in a closed vessel under a pressure of about 1400 to 4500 kPa using a carbon molecular sieve adsorbent having at least 80% of its particle pore volume as micropores having diameters greater than 0.55 nm and less than 0.65 nm, particularly about 0.6 to 0.65 nm. The capacity of such micropores for methane is at least 110 mL methane per mL of carbon (at 300 psig or 2,169 kPa abs.). The deliverable volume of natural gas from a vessel packed with carbon molecular sieve particles is at least 70 times the volume of the vessel. The deliverable volume is optimized by heating a carbonized polymer in the presence of carbon dioxide to increase the pore volume.

Abstract: This invention relates to a shaped composition composed of a carbonaceous pyropolymer having recurring units containing at least carbon and hydrogen atoms. The composition is characterized by a crush strength of at least 6 kg and has a bimodal pore distribution having maxima at pore diameters of about 60 to 900 .ANG. and about 120 to 160 .ANG..

Abstract: A process whereby Resorcinol/Formaldehyde (RF) aerogel having a density of about 0.4-1.2 g/cc can be manufactured using a simple air drying procedure. This process is inherently simpler, quicker, and less expensive than the more conventional supercritical or subcritical CO.sub.2 extraction procedures. RF aerogels can be used as produced, such as in insulation applications, or pyrolyzed to form carbon aerogels with a density of about 0.9 g/cc for use in applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, etc.

Abstract: A process for preparing activated charcoal having a high surface area is described, including a thermal treatment, in the presence of phosphoric acid, of regenerated humic acids.

Abstract: Novel polyarylamide derived activated carbon materials are provided by a process comprising the carbonization of polyarylamide fibre at a temperature in excess or 400.degree. C. followed by activation at elevated temperature. The novel materials have the ability to adsorb relatively large quantities or carbon dioxide compared to other activated carbonized polymer materials, Preferably the carbonization and activation steps are carried out by raising the temperature of the materials to between 840.degree. C. and 880.degree. C. in carbonizing/activating atmospheres respectively.

Abstract: Process for preparing activated charcoal by means of the thermal treatment of potassium humates or humic acids, deriving from coal oxidation, in the presence of an activating agent.

Abstract: A method has been discovered for stripping aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants from wastewater and retaining the aromatic hydrocarbons on activated carbon. The wastewater is contacted countercurrently with stripping gas. The stripping gas is passed over a bed of activated carbon to regenerate the stripping gas. The entire volume of stripping gas is recycled to the stripping vessel. There is no purge of stripping gas or aromatic hydrocarbons to the atmosphere. The removed aromatic hydrocarbons are retained by the activated carbon and periodically recovered. An activated carbon particularly adapted for retaining and recovering aromatic hydrocarbons has been found.

Abstract: A method of producing active carbon by microwave-induced pyrolysis of a carbonaceous material in an atmosphere wherein flame generation is prevented. The resulting product is treated with an acid to wash out sulphur or metal values and then activated with superheated steam and/or carbon dioxide at an elevated temperature.