Abstract: A method for preparing oxidation catalyst comprising cerium oxide and a metal selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum palladium, tin, ruthenium, or nickel by sputtering cerium oxide and a metal from a target to a substrate wherein the cerium oxide and a metal material are sputtered to the substrate concurrently from at least one target under an argon atmosphere to form a layer of cerium oxide including dispersed atoms of the metal Specific Au—CeO2 and Pt—CeO2 catalysts are prepared by using this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for patterning a substrate. The method comprises providing at least one magnetic pattern generator configured and operable to modulate the magnetic field to induce varying magnetic properties to a magnetic field according to a desired pattern; applying the modulated magnetic field in the vicinity of the substrate creating a certain pattern of regions of interaction to be obtained on top of the substrate; and; interacting the substrate with magnetic particles, while under the application of the modulated magnetic field, the magnetic particles being attracted to selected regions of interaction defined by the certain pattern while being substantially not attracted to regions outside the regions of interaction, thus creating on top of the substrate the certain pattern of regions interacted with the magnetic particles.

Abstract: A catalytic device for removal of airborne volatile compounds from air includes a substrate and an electrodeposited catalytic coating. The substrate has a surface. The electrodeposited catalytic coating is on the surface of the substrate. The electrodeposited catalytic coating includes a catalyst that is capable of interacting with airborne volatile compounds. The electrodeposited catalytic coating has a multimodal porosity distribution.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nanowire structural element suited for use in a microreactor system or microcatalyzer system. A template based process is used for the production of the nanowire structural element, wherein the nanowires are electrochemically depositioned in the nanopores. The irradiation is carried out at different angles, such that a nanowire network is formed. The hollow chamber-like structure in the nanowire network is established through the dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template material. The interconnecting of the nanowires provides stability to the nanowire structural element and an electrical connection between the nanowires is created thereby.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing hydrogen spillover and storage are disclosed. One embodiment of the method includes doping a hydrogen receptor with metal particles, and exposing the hydrogen receptor to ultrasonication as doping occurs. Another embodiment of the method includes doping a hydrogen receptor with metal particles, and exposing the doped hydrogen receptor to a plasma treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of formulating and preparing supported multi-metal catalysts based on metal oxides and inorganic salts of metals. The impregnation technique is employed by two methods: the slurry method and the modified-pH variation method, which are used in two steps for obtaining the catalyst. The present invention also relates to a process called Glycerol to Propene (GTP) process, corresponding to the transformation of glycerol or glycerin to propene. The reaction involved in the process of the present invention is the selective hydrogenation of glycerin, which takes place by contact of the charge of glycerin carried by hydrogen in a continuous stream system on the catalytic bed containing multi-metal catalysts, specifically prepared for this purpose.

Abstract: An organic absorbent product is derived from beetle-killed lodge-pole pine trees only that are made into grist, then dried, moisturized, pelletized, and ground to form fractured portions (e.g. fractured pellets or fines) of beetle-killed lodge pole pine, and a method for making the same and their usage. The absorbent product may be used to absorb and remediate various substances including, for example, petroleum hydrocarbons, a diesel range organic, a gasoline range organic, a fracturing fluid, a metal, an acid, an alkali, and animal urine. Such substances may be located in various areas such as, for example, in contaminated soils, spilled on floors or other surfaces, on the surface of water, or in drain sumps.

Abstract: The invention relates a method for synthesizing carbon nanofibers containing catalytic material particles characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) electrospinning a polymer solution and a catalytic material precursor for obtaining polymer fibers containing catalytic material precursor particles, b) reducing the product obtained in a) with a reducing agent to form polymer fibers containing catalytic material particles, c) heat treating the product obtained in b) for converting the polymer fibers containing catalytic material particles into carbon fibers containing catalytic material particles. The invention also relates to the intermediate products and products obtained by this method and use of these in various applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the regeneration of deNOx catalysts with a reduced activity caused by the accumulation of phosphor and phosphorous compounds. The method is characterized in that the catalysts are treated with an essentially aqueous solution of water-soluble alkaline reacting alkaline earth salts, ammonium hydroxide, or alkaline reacting ammonium salts, or water-soluble organic amines with an approximate pK value ranging between 2.5 and 5.5 and that the excess alkali is neutralized by subsequent treatment with inorganic or organic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparation of a mesoporous polymer nano-composite material, more particularly, a method for preparation of a meso-porous polymer nano-polymerized composite material which includes: drying a solid material having pores under vacuum at ambient temperature and pressure; adding a first organic solvent to the vacuum dried solid material in the reactor and dispersing the first organic solvent in pores of the solid material by an ultrasonicator to remove air while wetting a surface of the solid material with acetonitrile; adding a constant amount of a material having radicals or functional groups relative to weight of the mixture containing the solid material and the first organic solvent in a reactor, which was prepared in the above step, and agitating the mixture; introducing a polymerization initiator into the reactor containing the mixture prepared in the above step, in order to initiate polymerization of the mixture in the reactor; using a second organic solvent to filter and w

Abstract: A nanoparticle comprises a nano-active material and a nano-support. In some embodiments, the nano-active material is platinum and the nano-support is alumina. Pinning and affixing the nano-active material to the nano-support is achieved by using a high temperature condensation technology. In some embodiments, the high temperature condensation technology is plasma. Typically, a quantity of platinum and a quantity of alumina are loaded into a plasma gun. When the nano-active material bonds with the nano-support, an interface between the nano-active material and the nano-support forms. The interface is a platinum alumina metallic compound, which dramatically changes an ability for the nano-active material to move around on the surface of the nano-support, providing a better bond than that of a wet catalyst. Alternatively, a quantity of carbon is also loaded into the plasma gun.

Abstract: A method of producing a catalyst comprising: mixing catalytic particles and a solvent, thereby forming a mixture; performing a size distribution analysis on the mixture to determine a size distribution profile; repeating the mixing of the catalytic particles and the solvent in the mixture if the size distribution profile is below a threshold; centrifuging the mixture if the size distribution profile is at or above the threshold, thereby forming a supernate and a precipitate, wherein the supernate comprises a dispersion including the catalytic particles and the solvent; decanting the mixture, separating the supernate from the precipitate; determining the particle content of the separated supernate; determining a volume of the dispersion to be applied to a catalyst support based on one or more properties of the catalyst support; and impregnating the catalyst support with the catalytic particles in the dispersion by applying the volume of the dispersion to the catalyst support.

Abstract: A method of making palladium-containing nanoscale catalyst particles comprising subjecting a starting material to laser energy so as to form a vapor and condensing the vapor so as to form the catalyst particles. The catalyst comprises nanoscale particles of palladium and/or palladium oxide incorporated in and/or on nanoscale particles of a metal or metal oxide. The nanoscale catalyst, which can be incorporated in the tobacco cut filler, cigarette wrapper and/or cigarette filter of a cigarette, is useful for low-temperature and near-ambient temperature catalysis. The nanoscale catalyst can convert carbon monoxide and nitric oxide that are found in mainstream smoke to carbon dioxide and nitrogen, respectively. The nanoscale catalyst may also be incorporated into a hydrocarbon conversion reactor, into a vehicle exhaust emissions system, into a laser, into a fuel cell or used in an air filter or for emissions reduction in the cold starting of an automobile engine.

Abstract: A structure of a carrier used for exhaust gas purification using an inorganic membrane and a method of producing thereof, in which an inorganic membrane made with an alumina film is produced using anode oxidation and the inorganic membrane is applied to a carrier used for exhaust gas purification, whereby the carrier works in stability at all temperatures and shows a high performance when exhaust gas generated from an engine, such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and so on, passes through a plurality of shells formed with inorganic membranes. For this, provided is a method of producing a carrier used for exhaust gas purification using an inorganic membrane, including the steps of: (a) applying anode current to each of carrier modules, and loading at least one carrier module in a water tank, in which an electrolyte is circulated and to which cathode current is applied; and (b) forming a porous inorganic membrane on the outer skin of the carrier module.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst having metal catalyst nanoparticles supported on natural cellulose fibers and a method of preparing the same, whereby natural cellulose fibers are subjected to specific pretreatment to increase a surface area and form defects on the surface thereof and metal catalyst nanoparticles are then supported on the cellulose catalyst support in a highly dispersed state, thereby providing improved catalysis while allowing production of the catalyst at low cost. The catalyst may be utilized for various catalytic reactions.

Abstract: The present disclosure uses a nano-SiO2 powder as a supporter with H2PtCl6 added as an electro-catalyst precursor. A chemical reduction is processed at a high temperature to adhere nano-size Pt ions on the nano-SiO2 powder through reduction. Thus, a nano-Pt catalyst using nano-SiO2 as supporter is manufactured for fuel cells, organic compound reactions and the textile industry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of providing photocatalytic activity. Nanoparticulate matter comprising a strontium titanate ferrite of the general formula SrTi1-xFexO3- is provided, in which x is any value from 0 to 1. The nanoparticulate matter is exposed to electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength from about 380 nm to about 800 nm.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity and to a method of making same, comprising: (a) providing a precursor solution, by combining in an aqueous solution a colloidal silica template material and a water-soluble pyrolyzable carbon source, wherein the particle size of the colloidal silica template and the colloidal silica/carbon source weight ratio are controlled, (b) atomizing the precursor solution into small droplets by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (c) directing the droplets into a high temperature furnace operating at a temperature of 700-1200° C., under an inert gas atmosphere, where the droplets are transformed into solid spherical composite carbon/silica particles, (d) collecting the resulting composite carbon/silica particles exiting from the furnace, and (e) removing the silica from the particles, to provide substantially pure porous carbon of spherical morphology having tuned porosity defined by surface area and pore size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Abstract: A pathogen-resistant coating comprising one or more photocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen from ambient air. The pathogen-resistant coating may optionally include one or more singlet oxygen traps.

Abstract: Ceramic nanofibers contain nanosize metal catalyst particles on the surface thereof. The catalyst-ceramic nanofibers when supported as by larger fibers form a medium that effectively catalyze various reactions as in fluid flow processes.

Abstract: A method for producing a photocatalytic, which can produce a photocatalyst showing high photocatalytic activity, is provided. The present invention relates to a method for producing noble metal-supported photocatalyst particles wherein a noble metal is supported on the surface of the photocatalyst particles, and a method for producing a dispersion of the noble metal-supported photocatalyst particles, the methods comprising steps of: blowing an inert gas into a raw dispersion in which the photocatalyst particles are dispersed and a precursor of the noble metal is dissolved in a dispersion medium; and irradiating the raw dispersion with light having energy larger than that of a bandgap of the photocatalyst particles, thereby supporting the noble metal on the surface of the photocatalyst particles.

Abstract: An absorbent includes a ferromagnetic nucleus with a one-layer or two-layer shell or devoid thereof and the nucleus is embodied in the form of a plate with a planar size that ranges from 500-5000 ?m and the thickness is equal to 0.1-1000 ?m. The method for producing the inventive magnetically-operated absorbent includes evaporating and/or melting a magnetic material powder in a low-temperature plasma, quenching and condensing the thus obtained vaporized and/or melt-particle product in a gas flux, and transferring the product precipitated in the form of crystals or micro slugs of corresponding metals, correspondingly to a stabilizer-containing dispersion medium and holding in the medium until a gas release is over. Then the crystals or micro slugs are processed by flattening, for example pressing so that the plates of a specified thickness are obtained.

Abstract: Process for recovering precious metals from catalytic carriers comprising at least the following stages: Stage 1: treatment of the carriers with at least one aqueous composition Stage 2: treatment of the carriers with an acid solution containing at least sulphuric acid but weak in nitric acid Stage 3: treatment of the carriers with an acid solution containing nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for manufacturing a catalyst composition. In one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a catalyst can comprise: forming a catalyst composition from a catalyst precursor and a volatile compound, disposing the catalyst composition on a substrate to form a supported composition, treating the supported composition with electromagnetic radiation, and removing at least a portion of the volatile compound to form the catalyst. In another embodiment, the method for manufacturing a catalyst can comprise: forming a catalyst composition comprising a volatile compound and a catalyst precursor, disposing the catalyst composition onto a substrate, and drying the catalyst composition at a temperature greater than or equal to a dew point of the volatile compound and less than or equal to a decomposition temperature of the catalyst precursor.

Abstract: Disclosed are tunable catalysts and methods of controlling the activity of a catalyst. For example, disclosed are methods of controlling the activity of a catalyst, comprising providing a catalyst, comprising a ferroelectric substrate of finite thickness comprising two opposing surfaces, the ferroelectric substrate being characterized as having a polarization; an electrode surmounting one of the surfaces of the ferroelectric substrate; and a catalytically active material surmounting the surface of the ferroelectric substrate opposing the electrode; and subjecting the ferroelectric substrate to a controllable electric field to give rise to a modulation of the polarization of the ferroelectric substrate, whereby the modulation of the polarization controllably alters the activity of one or more chemical species on the catalytically active material.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to nanostructured carbon supported catalysts, methods of making nanostructured carbon supported catalysts, and methods of using nanostructured carbon supported catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photocatalyst dispersion liquid comprising at least a titanium oxide particle which is obtained by a sulfate process and in which the content of sulfuric acid in terms of elemental sulfur is 1000 ppm or less, a tungsten oxide particle, and a dispersion medium for dispersing these particles, wherein a content ratio of the titanium oxide particle to the tungsten oxide particle is 1:8 to 8:1 by mass ratio, and further provides a photocatalyst functional product comprising a photocatalyst layer formed using the photocatalyst dispersion liquid.

Abstract: Nanotubes and related nanofabrication processes are described where wafer-scale approaches have been developed. The described processes can be used to produce single, vertically aligned tubes integrated into 3D nano-scale architectures. Moreover, fabrication processes to generate 3D nanoarchitectures are also described.

Abstract: A composition comprises a bleaching catalyst admixed with an insoluble support matrix.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing metal nanoparticles by mixing a metal precursor with a solvent to prepare a mixed solution, and radiating the mixed solution with an ion beam to reduce the metal precursor and produce the metal nanoparticles. In addition, when metal nanoparticles are prepared by using an ion beam, uniform-sized metal nanoparticles can be mass produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming metal-silicide catalyst nanoparticles with controllable diameter. The method according to embodiments of the invention leads to the formation of ‘active’ metal-suicide catalyst nanoparticles, with which is meant that they are suitable to be used as a catalyst in carbon nanotube growth. The nano-particles are formed on the surface of a substrate or in case the substrate is a porous substrate within the surface of the inner pores of a substrate. The metal-silicide nanoparticles can be Co-silicide, Ni-silicide or Fe-silicide particles. The present invention relates also to a method to form carbon nanotubes (CNT) on metal-silicide nanoparticles, the metal-silicide containing particles hereby acting as catalyst during the growth process, e.g. during the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. Starting from very defined metal-containing nanoparticles as catalysts, the diameter of grown CNT can be well controlled and a homogeneous set of CNT will be obtained.

Abstract: In a method of producing a gas cleaning catalyst unit, a supporting layer is formed on a surface of a base member. The supporting layer is made of metal oxide. A catalyst slurry is formed by making catalyst component to be suspended in a solvent. The base member having the supporting layer is immersed in the catalyst slurry. Ultrasonic wave is radiated to the base member immersed in the catalyst slurry, such that the catalyst component is supported on the supporting layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal structure for a compact reformer and a preparation method thereof, a catalyst-supported metal structure and a preparation method thereof, and a catalyst-supported metal structure module. More particularly, the present invention relates to a metal structure prepared through electrochemical treatment and heat treatment and a preparation method thereof, a catalyst-supported metal structure prepared by supporting a catalyst on the metal structure and a preparation method thereof, and a catalyst-supported metal structure module manufactured by irregularly layering the catalyst-supported metal structures to improve the contact between reaction gases and catalysts.

Abstract: A method of surface treating particulate materials with electromagnetic radiation that is carried out with a so-called roll reactor comprising a rotating roll and an irradiation source. Radical former molecules can be applied on the surface of superabsorbent polymer particles, which are fed onto the surface of the roll and irradiated while moved with the rotating roll. The irradiation source is provided such that the radiation is able to reach at least part of the particulate material that has been fed onto the surface of the roll.

Abstract: A method for regenerating at least one impurity-adsorbing sorbent bed includes passing impurity-containing fluid through the impurity-adsorbing bed. The impurity-adsorbing sorbent bed adsorbs an impurity in the impurity-containing fluid to produce a purified fluid. A portion of the purified fluid is sent back through the impurity-adsorbing sorbent bed that contains the adsorbed impurity. The impurity-adsorbing sorbent bed is exposed to microwave energy to desorb the impurity adsorbed on the impurity-adsorbing sorbent bed.

Abstract: A photocatalyst according to the invention comprises a photocatalytic film of a compound of titanium and oxygen and is characterized in that the photocatalytic film is made porous and has 0.02 or higher value as a value calculated by dividing the arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra with the film thickness. The photocatalytic film can also be specified by the intensity ratio between x-ray diffraction peaks of the anatase structure of titanium oxide. Such a porous photocatalytic material can be obtained by a reactive sputtering method in conditions of adjusting film formation parameters such as the film formation rate, the sputtering pressure, the substrate temperature, the oxygen partial pressure and the like in proper ranges, respectively, and the photocatalyst material is provided with excellent decomposition and hydrophilization capability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst containing fine metal particles, characterized in that the fine metal particles have a particle diameter of 3 nm or less and also have a proportion of metallic bond state of 40% or more, which is ascribed by subjecting to waveform separation of a binding energy peak peculiar to the metal as measured by using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The fine metal particles are preferably fine platinum particles. The fine metal particles are preferably supported on the surface of carrier particles by reducing ions of metal to be deposited through the action of a reducing agent in a reaction system of a liquid phase containing the carrier particles dispersed therein, thereby to deposit the metal on the surface of carrier particles in the form of fine particles. The proportion of metallic bond state of the fine metal particles is adjusted within the above range by reducing after deposition thereby to decrease the oxidation state.

Abstract: Activation of a tungsten-containing catalyst using water in a PEM-type fuel cell is described as well as cathode operation of the tungsten-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a spent ionic liquid catalyst including (a) applying a voltage across one or more pairs of electrodes immersed in a spent ionic liquid catalyst comprising conjunct polymer-metal halide complexes to provide freed conjunct polymers and a regenerated ionic liquid catalyst; and (b) separating the freed conjunct polymers from the regenerated ionic liquid catalyst is described. An alkylation process incorporating the regeneration process is also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparations of noble metal catalysts, i.e., platinum and platinum alloys, on suitable supports with nanonetwork structures and high catalytic efficiencies. A compact structure of a monolayer or a few layers is formed by self-assembly of organic polymer, e.g., polystyrene (PS), nanospheres or inorganic, i.e., silicon dioxide (SiO2), nanospheres on a support surface. In the void spaces of such a compact arrangement, catalyst is formed by filling with catalyst metal ion-containing aqueous solution and reduced by chemical reduction, or formed by vacuum sputtering. When using organic polymer nanospheres as the starting or structure-directing material, the polymer particles are removed by burning at a high temperature and the catalyst having a nanonetwork structure is obtained.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon-metal-nitrogen oxygen reducing cathode catalyst, the method comprising mixing a carbon source with a transitional metal precursor to form a metal precursor loaded carbon substrate; adding a nitrogen precursor compound to the metal precursor loaded carbon substrate to form a carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor; and pyrolyzing the carbon-metal-nitrogen precursor in a closed vessel, thereby forming an oxygen reducing cathode catalyst. The carbon-metal-nitrogen catalyst requires no precious metal such as Pt, and also provides benefits such as controlled deposition of catalytically active nitrogenous compounds that can increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst when compared to gaseous deposition of nitrogen to the surface of the carbon support.

Abstract: Especially physically stable metal oxide catalyst supports are prepared by suspending a metal oxide in a continuous phase, activating by fine dispersion, coagulation to a viscoelastic mass, shaping, drying, and calcining. The catalyst support thus prepared may be treated with catalytic agents to produce supported catalysts for olefin oxidation.

Abstract: A material for forming electroless plate shows favorable catalyst adhering property, and shows no delamination of catalyst adhering layer from non-conductive base material, no dissolution of catalyst adhering layer into a plating solution, and no discoloration of interface of plate layer with catalyst adhering layer during the catalyst adhering step, development step and other steps. The material includes a non-conductive base material and a catalyst adhering layer, provided on the non-conductive base and including a water-insoluble polyester resin The catalyst adhering layer shows a contact angle of 60° or smaller to purified water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a new type of catalyst for the oxidation of CO in a reactant gas or air. The method provides the preparation of a catalyst having nano-sized metal particles and a capping agent deposited on a solid support. The size and distribution of the metal particles can be easily controlled by adjusting reaction condition and the capping agent used. The catalyst prepared has high activity at low temperature toward selective oxidation of CO and is stable over an extended period of time. The catalyst can be used in air filter devices, hydrogen purification processes, automotive emission control devices (decomposition of NOx, x is the integer 1 or 2), F-T synthesis, preparation of fuel-cell electrode, photocatalysis and sensors.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst layer (1) for fuel cells, chemical or electrochemical reactors using a precursor layer, which comprises a plurality of electrically conductive precursor particles (3, 4), a catalyst (2) being electrochemically deposited, the catalyst layer (1) being produced as a structured layer. This is achieved by the targeted inhomogeneous selection of the precursor particles (3, 4) with regard to at least one particle property, by the addition of non-conductive particles and/or at least one chemical additive to the precursor layer, and/or in that significant amounts of gas are produced in the catalyst layer or conveyed through said layer before, during, or after the electrochemical deposition.

Abstract: An adsorbent particulate product for treating contaminated fluid and capable of electrochemical regeneration. The product includes unexpanded intercalated graphite in particulate form, in the form of flakes or in powder form.

Abstract: A method is provided for making pure-silica-zeolite films useful as low-k material, specifically, more hydrophobic, homogeneous and with absence of cracks. The method utilizes a UV cure; preferably the UV cure is performed at temperatures at higher than the deposition temperature. The UV-assisted cure removes the organic template promoting organic functionalization and silanol condensation, making the silica-zeolite films more hydrophobic. Moreover, the zeolite material is also mechanically stronger and crack-free. The method can be used to prepare pure-silica-zeolite films more suitable as low-k materials in semiconductor processing.

Abstract: An absorbent includes a ferromagnetic nucleus with a one-layer or two-layer shell or devoid thereof and the nucleus is embodied in the form of a plate with a planar size that ranges from 500-5000 ?m and the thickness is equal to 0.1-1000 ?m. The method for producing the inventive magnetically-operated absorbent includes evaporating and/or melting a magnetic material powder in a low-temperature plasma, quenching and condensing the thus obtained vaporized and/or melt-particle product in a gas flux, and transferring the product precipitated in the form of crystals or micro slugs of corresponding metals, correspondingly to a stabilizer-containing dispersion medium and holding in the medium until a gas release is over. Then the crystals or micro slugs are processed by flatting, for example pressing so that the plates of a specified thickness are obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst having high activity and excellent stability, a process for preparation of the catalyst, a membrane electrode assembly, and a fuel cell. The catalyst of the present invention comprises an electronically conductive support and catalyst fine particles. The catalyst fine particles are supported on the support and are represented by the formula (1): PtuRuxGeyTz (1). In the formula, u, x, y and z mean 30 to 60 atm %, 20 to 50 atm %, 0.5 to 20 atm % and 0.5 to 40 atm %, respectively. When the element represented by T is Al, Si, Ni, W, Mo, V or C, the content of the T-element's atoms connected with oxygen bonds is not more than four times as large as that of the T-element's atoms connected with metal bonds on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) analysis.