Abstract: A method of scavenging oil from an oil-water mixture includes providing a plurality of functionalized fly ash particles having functionalized surfaces including reactive groups or reactive materials having hydrophobic groups covalently bound to the reactive groups or reactive materials. The oil-water mixture is contacted with the plurality of functionalized fly ash particles. The plurality of functionalized fly ash particles absorb oil from the oil-water mixture to form oil-laden fly ash particles. The oil-laden fly ash particles can be fed into a combustion process to generate heat from oil absorbed thereon, or absorbed oil from the oil-laden fly ash particles can be separated using a desorption process, and the oil recovered after separating.

Abstract: An improved absorbent composition containing biodegradable natural ingredients is described. The composition absorbs liquid quickly, has a large water-absorbing capacity and an excellent water retention capability. The composition enables replacement of a significant amount of less or none biodegradable superabsorbent polymers (SAP) with plant and/or other natural ingredients, while achieving the liquid absorption properties similar to those of the widely used SAPs. The composition can be used as an absorbent in aqueous liquid absorption products, such as disposable personal hygiene products, rendering the products more environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific additives comprising cellulose ether for improving the extrudability of ceramic masses and other masses which set as a result of baking or sintering, a corresponding extrusion process, the extrudates and their use.

Abstract: The present invention is a hydrogen combustion catalyst including a catalyst metal supported on a carrier composed of an inorganic oxide, wherein a functional group having at the end thereof at least an alkyl group having three or less carbon atoms is bonded by substitution to each of a certain fraction or the whole of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carrier. The functional group bonded to each of a certain fraction or the whole of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carrier is preferably an organic silane. The hydrogen combustion catalyst according to the present invention is capable of maintaining the activity thereof even when a hydrogen-containing gas, a treatment object, contains a water content equal to or less than the saturated water vapor content and the reaction temperature is set at or around room temperature, namely, at 0 to 40° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing substrate-molecular sieve layer complex by vising ultra-sound and apparatuses used therein, more particularly to a method for preparing substrate-molecular sieve layer complex by combining substrate, coupling compound and molecular sieve particle, wherein covalent, ionic, coordinate or hydrogen bond between a substrate and a coupling compound; molecular sieve particle and coupling compound; coupling compounds; coupling compound and intermediate coupling compound is induced by using 15 KHz-100 MHz of ultrasound instead of simple reflux to combine substrate and molecular sieve particles by various processes, further to reduce time and energy, to retain high binding velocity, binding strength, binding intensity and density remarkably, to attach molecular sieve particle uniformly onto all substrates combined with coupling compound selectively, even though substrate with coupling compound and substrate without coupling compound exist together; and apparatuses

Abstract: A porous particle with a non-polymeric masking powder on at least a portion of its outer surface is disclosed. The non-polymeric masking powder is not attached to the outer surface of the porous particle with a polymeric binder, and the masked porous particle is hydrophobic. Absorbent articles, for example, diapers and sanitary napkins, and absorbent components of absorbent articles that include a plurality of the masked porous particles are also disclosed. A method of making the masked porous particle is also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing aromatic compounds from lower hydrocarbons while improving activity life stability of methane conversion rate; benzene formation rate; naphthalene formation rate; and total formation rate of benzene, toluene and xylene is formed by loading molybdenum and copper on metallo-silicate serving as a substrate and then calcining the metallo-silicate. When the catalyst is reacted with a reaction gas containing lower hydrocarbons and carbonic acid gas, aromatic compounds are produced. In order to obtain the catalyst, it is preferable that molybdenum and copper are loaded on zeolite formed of metallo-silicate after the zeolite is treated with a silane compound larger than a pore of the zeolite in diameter and having an amino group and a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, the amino group being able to selectively react with the zeolite at a Bronsted acid point of the zeolite. It is preferable that a loaded amount of molybdenum is within a range of from 2 to 12 wt.

Abstract: A method of preparing a mercury sorbent material comprising making a copper/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry copper source; making a sulfur/clay mixture by admixing a dry clay and a dry sulfur source; admixing the copper/clay mixture and the sulfur/clay mixture, to form a mercury sorbent pre-mixture; and shearing the mercury sorbent pre-mixture to form the mercury sorbent material. The mercury sorbent material has an interlayer d(001)-spacing of less than 12 ? when the mercury sorbent material contains less than 4 wt % water, and a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the mercury sorbent material is substantially free of a diffraction peak at 2.73±0.01 ?, and the ?-potential of the mercury sorbent material is greater than the ?-potential of the dry clay.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a DDR zeolite membrane element including the steps of: immersing a porous substrate in a raw material solution, forming a DDR zeolite membrane containing 1-adamanthanamine on a surface of the porous substrate by subjecting a DDR zeolite to hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of DDR zeolite seed crystals, applying a glass paste onto the surface of the porous substrate so as to contact the membrane, and heating the membrane at 500 to 800° C., thereby burning away the 1-adamanthanamine contained in the membrane and melting the glass paste to form a membrane-like glass seal contacting the membrane on the surface of the porous substrate. The method for manufacturing a DDR zeolite membrane element can inhibit the permeation of the DDR zeolite membrane from being hindered in a contact portion between the membrane and the glass seal and inhibit poor seal of the glass seal.

Abstract: A method for forming a cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst involves precipitating a cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species by turbulent mixing, during which a basic solution collides with an acidic solution comprising cobalt. The method further involves depositing the cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species onto an acidic support to provide a catalyst comprising cobalt and the acidic support. The acidic support comprises a zeolite, a molecular sieve, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A gas separation process uses a structured particulate bed of adsorbent coated shapes/particles laid down in the bed in an ordered manner to simulate a monolith by providing longitudinally extensive gas passages by which the gas mixture to be separated can access the adsorbent material along the length of the particles. The particles can be laid down either directly in the bed or in locally structured packages/bundles which themselves are similarly oriented such that the bed particles behave similarly to a monolith but without at least some disadvantages. The adsorbent particles can be formed with a solid, non-porous core with the adsorbent formed as a thin, adherent coating on the exposed exterior surface. Particles may be formed as cylinders/hollow shapes to provide ready access to the adsorbent. The separation may be operated as a kinetic or equilibrium controlled process.

Abstract: A method of coating a substrate with a catalytically active material using a polymer latex is disclosed. A slurry of catalytically active material and water is prepared, the catalytically active material containing activated carbon, and a binder is prepared that contains a polymer latex having a glass transition temperature of 10 C to 30 C. The slurry is combined with the binder to form a mixture, which can then be applied to the substrate to achieve a mixture loading of 20 to 30 weight percent on the substrate. The latex polymer binders can bind a catalytically active platinum on activated carbon powder to a cordierite honeycomb while not interfering with its catalytic activity, such as for hydrogenation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for hydrodesulfurization/dewaxing of a hydrocarbon oil, with which sulfur compounds in the hydrocarbon oil can be desulfurized to a high degree and which simultaneously is extremely effective in reducing the wax deposit content; a process for producing the catalyst; and a method of hydrotreatment with the catalyst. The invention relates to a catalyst for hydrodesulfurization/dewaxing of a hydrocarbon oil, comprising a support comprising an inorganic oxide containing at least one crystalline aluminosilicate having a one- or two-dimensional pore path system and, having provided thereon, 10 to 35% by mass of a metal in Group 6 of the Periodic Table, 1 to 10% by mass of a metal in Group 8 of the Periodic Table, and 1.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for impregnating a molecular sieve primary catalyst with an aromatic co-catalyst, the method comprising contacting the small pore molecular sieve primary catalyst having a porous framework structure with a combination of from at least 50 wt % to about 99.9 wt % of an aromatic co-catalyst and from about 0.1 wt % to less than 50 wt % of a polar impregnation agent containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, and boron, under conditions sufficient to impregnate the porous framework structure of the primary catalyst with the aromatic co-catalyst (and optionally also with the polar impregnation agent), thus forming an integrated catalyst system. Methods for converting oxygenates to olefins using said integrated catalyst system are also described herein.

Abstract: A method of making a crystalline molecular sieve of MFS framework type, preferably ZSM-57, from a synthesis mixture comprising at least one source of tetravalent element (Y), at least one source of trivalent element (X), at least one source of alkali metal hydroxide (MOH), at least one structure-directing-agent (R) and water, said alkali metal (M) comprising potassium, and having the following mole composition (expressed in terms of oxide): YO2:(p)X2O3:(q)OH?:(r)R:(s)H2O, wherein (p) is in the range from 0.005 to 0.05, (q) is in the range from 0.01 to 3, (r) is in the range from 0.03 to 2 and (s) is in the range from 10 to 75 (based on total weight of said synthesis mixture); wherein the crystals of molecular sieve formed having an average diameter (D) of less than or equal to 1.5 micron and an average thickness (T) of less than or equal to 300 nanometers.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a Ruthenium complex intercalated N-doped or N,S-codoped titania pillared montmorillonite, a multifunctional photocatalyst and a process for the preparation thereof. More particularly, the present invention provides a green photochemical route towards a variety of light driven redox reactions such as organic dye degradations, photocatalytic water splitting and various organic transformation reactions oriented to the synthesis of fine chemicals.

Abstract: A method for forming a cobalt-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst involves precipitating a cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species by turbulent mixing, during which a basic solution collides with an acidic solution comprising cobalt. The method further involves depositing the cobalt oxy-hydroxycarbonate species onto a support material to provide a catalyst comprising cobalt and the support material. The support material comprises one or more of alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, zirconia, ceria-zirconia, and magnesium aluminate.

Abstract: An adsorbent material comprising a metal organic phase and a porous silica phase is provided. The adsorbent material can be a synthesized from at least one porous silica material, one or more metal ions, and at least one organic linker comprising one or more multidentate functional groups capable of forming coordinate bonds with the metal ions. The porous silica can be an ordered mesoporous silica material. Methods of making the adsorbent material and methods of removing molecules from a fluid using the adsorbent material are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified clay sorbents which may be used as sorbents for chemical compounds. In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of modified clay sorbents for the sorption of chemical compounds. The modified clay sorbents of the present invention have particular application for the sorption of anionic and/or hydrophobic compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalytic principle based on zeolite crystallites attached to support or incorporated in a matrix and a catalytically active principle incorporated in the zeolite, the said crystallites having a diameter of between 20 and 300 nm and said catalytically active principle having a formula corresponding to: CoMn2(O)(R—COO)6 L1k1 L2k2 wherein: R is an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl; L1 is an optionally substituted nitrogen containing carboxylic acid or salts thereof; L2 is selected from the group consisting of H2O, an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkyl containing carboxylic acid, an optionally substituted C5-C6 cycloalkyl or heterocycle, an optionally substituted C5-C6 heteroaryl or aryl; and k1+k2=3; wherein the zeolite has an Si/Al atomic ratio of at least 8, as well as to a method for the oxidation of alkyl aromatics compounds employing the catalytic principle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transparent aqua-based nano sol-gel composition and method of applying the same to transparent substrates without decreasing the visible light and sunlight transmittance thereof. The transparent aqua-based nano sol-gel can be applied to a surface of a transparent substrate to form a porous film which will not reduce the visible light and sunlight transmittance of the transparent substrate and will impart a self-cleaning function to the transparent substrate. The transparent aqua-based nano sol-gel composition contains a transparent aqua-based zeolite sol-gel having a particle size of less than 100 nm, a polysiloxane derivate, a surfactant, a transparent aqua-based photocatalytic sol-gel of titanium dioxide having a particle size of less than 100 nm, and deionized water.

Abstract: A method for preparing a composite of zeolite-fiber substrate includes the steps of reacting a fiber substrate or a zeolite with a linking compound to form an intermediate of linking compound-fiber substrate or zeolite-linking compound, and preparing the composite of zeolite-linking compound-fiber substrate by linking the intermediate of linking compound-fiber substrate to the fiber substrate or linking the intermediate of zeolite-linking compound to the zeolite, in which the linking is induced by sonication.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the manufacture of a formulated oxygenate conversion catalyst, the process comprising: —treating with a phosphorus containing compound a first molecular sieve comprising aluminosilicate and a second molecular sieve, different from the first molecular sieve, the second molecular sieve having more-dimensional channels; and—combining the first molecular sieve, the second molecular sieve and a matrix material; wherein the catalyst is not treated with a phosphorus containing compound after combination of the molecular sieves with the matrix material. In a further aspect the invention provides a formulated oxygenate conversion catalyst and a process for the preparation of an olefinic product.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a half-sandwich chromium complex, an activator support and an optional cocatalyst. A compound of formula Cp?Cr(Cl)2(Ln), where Cp? is ?5-C5H4CH2CH2CH?CH2 and Ln is pyridine, THF or diethylether. A compound of formula Cp?Cr(Cl)2(Ln), where Cp? is ?5-C5H4C(Me)2CH2CH2CH?CH2 and Ln is pyridine, THF or diethylether.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymerization catalyst compositions employing novel dinuclear metallocene compounds. Methods for making these new dinuclear metallocene compounds and for using such compounds in catalyst compositions for the polymerization and copolymerization of olefins are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to zeolite particles which are at least partially coated with a coating that is capable of delaying the release of heat from the zeolite particles upon contact with water over time. The coating effectively at least partially blocks the pore structure of the zeolite particle from contact with water, thereby delaying contact between water and the zeolite, and prolonging the warming effect caused by such contact.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate zeolite having an MOR framework type, an acidic MFI molecular sieve component having a Si/Al2 molar ratio of less than 80, a metal component comprising one or more elements selected from groups VIB, VIIB, VIII, and IVA, an inorganic oxide binder, and a fluoride component.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing fluidizable particles of a biomass/catalyst composite material. The process comprises the steps of (i) providing a particulate, solid biomass material; (ii) forming a composite of the biomass material and a catalytic material; (iii) subjecting the biomass material to a thermal treatment at a torrefaction temperature at or above 200° C., and low enough to avoid significant conversion of the biomass material to liquid conversion products; and (iv) forming fluidizable particles from the biomass material. Step (ii) may be carried out before or after step (iii).

Abstract: Disclosed are a supported hybrid chromium-based catalyst comprising a porous inorganic support, at least one inorganic oxide Cr active site (A), and at least one organic Cr active site (B), wherein the at least one inorganic oxide Cr active site (A) and the at least one organic Cr active site (B) are both supported on the porous inorganic support, processes for producing the supported hybrid chromium-based catalyst and processes for producing ethylene homopolymers and/or ethylene copolymers using the catalysts of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an inorganic/organic mixed component (I/O) dispersant and applications thereof, which is primarily applied to dispersing nanoparticles of metal oxides. The I/O dispersant of the present invention can be a composite of inorganic clay and an organic surfactant, a composite of inorganic clay and polyoxyalkylene-amine, or a composite of inorganic clay, polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIB-SA) and hydrochloric acid salt or tetraalkyl quaternary salt of polyoxyalkylene-amine, or fatty amines. By mixing with the I/O dispersant of the present invention, nanoparticles of a metal oxide can be uniformly dispersed without aggregation particularly at high solid content. The dispersion has a lower viscosity and is relatively stable in storage even at high temperature.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a catalyst support made of a porous inorganic material, for the treatment of exhaust gases, having a honeycomb structure, one of the faces of the structure serving for the intake of the exhaust gases to be treated and the other face serving for the discharge of the treated exhaust gases, which structure comprises, between these intake and discharge faces, an array of adjacent ducts or channels of mutually parallel axes separated by porous walls, said support being coated on at least part of its internal surface with at least one vinylpyrrolidone polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: Flow-through substrates, such as honeycombs, comprising certain zeolites. The flow-through substrates may be used, for example, in the removal of a heavy metal from a fluid such as a gas stream.

Abstract: The object is to provide an exhaust gas reduction catalyst that exhibit high nitrogen oxide reduction performance, and to provide a simple and efficient method for producing the catalyst, in which the amount of the waste liquid is reduced, further, an object of the invention is to provide a zeolite-containing catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides, which does not use an expensive noble metal or the like and which has high nitrogen oxide reduction performance.

Abstract: A crystallized solid, referred to by the name IM-15, which has an X-ray diffraction diagram as provided below, is described. Said solid has a chemical composition that is expressed according to the formula mXO2:nGeO2:pZ2O3:qR:sF:wH2O, where R represents one or more organic radical(s), X represents one or more different tetravalent element(s) of germanium, Z represents at least one trivalent element, and F is fluorine.

Abstract: A method and adsorbent composition for removing heavy metals from contaminated water, comprising including mixing a water having a concentration of one or more heavy metals with an adsorbent including granules of a mixture of 3.33 wt % bentonite clay and a siwak stick powder; and collecting water having a reduced concentration of the heavy metal(s).

Abstract: A method of scavenging oil from an oil-water mixture includes providing a plurality of functionalized fly ash particles having functionalized surfaces including reactive groups or reactive materials having hydrophobic groups covalently bound to the reactive groups or reactive materials. The oil-water mixture is contacted with the plurality of functionalized fly ash particles. The plurality of functionalized fly ash particles absorb oil from the oil-water mixture to form oil-laden fly ash particles. The oil-laden fly ash particles can be fed into a combustion process to generate heat from oil absorbed thereon, or absorbed oil from the oil-laden fly ash particles can be separated using a desorption process, and the oil recovered after separating.

Abstract: The invention relates to adsorptive structures based on agglomerates of adsorber particles, each comprising a plurality of granular, preferably speherical adsorber particles, and to the production of said agglomerates, and to the use thereof. The adsorber particles of the individual agglomerates are each connected to each other by means of a preferably thermoplastic organic polymer, particularly a binder material, or the adsorber paraticles of the individual agglomerates are bonded to and/or made to adhere to a preferably thermoplastic organic polymer, particularly a hinder material.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of an olefinic product, the process comprising reacting an oxygenate feedstock in the presence of formulated oxygenate conversion catalyst particles to produce the olefinic product, the formulated catalyst particles comprising a combination of at least a molecular sieve having one-dimensional 10-membered ring channels and a matrix wherein a Group II metal species has been added to the catalyst particles after the combination of said molecular sieve and the matrix.

Abstract: An oxygen absorber includes iron, chabazite, water and glycerin. The oxygen absorber provides quicker oxygen uptake without excessive heating.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a hybrid photocatalyst which is a layered aluminosilicate, possibly organically modified, containing compounds introduced into the aluminosilicate galleries bearing groups such as porphyrin, rose bengal, anthracene, pyrene, perylene, tetracene, rubrene, naphthalene, phthalocyanines, coumarins, and methylene blue, which are organic chromophores able to absorb visible and/or ultraviolet light and sensitize photochemical reactions. The invention includes also the methods of synthesis and application of the photocatalysts for the photocatalytical degradation of water pollutants.

Abstract: A process for cationically polymerizing olefin monomers in a reaction mixture includes the step of contacting olefin monomers and a catalytically effective amount of an initiating composition containing (A) a heterogeneous perfluoroaryl substituted Lewis acid coinitiator selected from the group consisting of open chain and cyclic aluminoxane compounds or Group 13 perfluoroaryl Lewis acid compounds of formula (III) and (B) an initiator selected from the group consisting of (i) organic compounds, (ii) halogens, (iii) interhalogens; (iv) Brönsted acids, (v) boron halides; (vi) silicon compounds; and (vii) germanium compounds. A novel initiator system is further disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agglomerated zeolite adsorbent containing at least one polymer matrix that is greatly laden with at least one zeolite adsorbent. The invention also relates to the method for preparing such an adsorbent and to the uses thereof, particularly as an adsorbent of moisture, odors, volatile organic components, and the like.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising the steps of (a) preparing a slurry comprising clay, zeolite, and quasi-crystalline boehmite, provided that the slurry does not comprise peptized quasi-crystalline boehmite, (b) adding a monovalent acid to the slurry, (c) adding a silicon source to the slurry, and (d) shaping the slurry to form particles. This process leads to a catalyst with high accessibility and high attrition resistance.

Abstract: A method and adsorbent composition for removing heavy metals from contaminated water, comprising passing a stream of water having a concentration of one or more heavy metals through an adsorbent comprising granules of a mixture of from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt % clay and a thermoplastic polymer matrix; and collecting water having a reduced concentration of said heavy metal(s) downstream of said adsorbent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure having a core-shell configuration. The core comprises a predetermined adsorber solid material, and the shell at least partially surrounding the core comprises a predetermined humidity controlling material, thereby enabling using said adsorber solid material for interacting with and thus storing therein a predetermined adsorbable gas under desired environmental conditions. The invention also discloses a pressure vessel for use in storing at least one gas.

Abstract: Supported zeolite Y membranes exhibiting exceptionally high CO2 selectivities when used in CO2/N2 gas separations are produced by a seeding/secondary (hypothermal) growth approach in which a structure directing agent such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide is included in the aqueous crystal-growing composition used for membrane formation.

Abstract: Surface-modified zeolites and methods for preparing surface-modified zeolites are provided. A hybrid polymer formed from a silicon alkoxide and a metal alkoxide, a co-monomer, or both, is contacted with a zeolite suspension. The zeolite suspension comprises a sodium-, an ammonium-, or a hydrogen-form zeolite and a solvent. The hybrid polymer and zeolite suspension are contacted under conditions sufficient to deposit hybrid polymer on external surfaces of the zeolite to form a treated zeolite. Solvent is removed therefrom. The treated zeolite is dried and calcinated to form a dried and calcinated treated zeolite. Forming of the zeolite suspension and the contacting, removing, drying, and calcinating steps are provided in one selectivation sequence to produce a surface-modified zeolite from the ammonium-form zeolite and the hydrogen-form zeolite. If the dried and calcinated treated zeolite is a sodium-form zeolite, the sodium is exchanged with ammonium and then additionally dried and calcinated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organosilicon porous zeolite, preparation of the same, and use of the same. The organosilicon porous zeolite of the invention has the following composition on molar basis: (1/n)Al2O3:SiO(2-m/2):mR:xM, wherein n=5 to 1000, m=0.001 to 1, x=0.005 to 2, R is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl and phenyl and connected to a silicon atom in the framework of the zeolite, and M is an organic amine templating agent, wherein a solid Si29NMR spectrum of the zeolite has at least one Si29 nuclear magnetic resonance peak in the range of from ?80 to +50 ppm, and wherein a X-ray diffraction pattern of the zeolite exhibits diffraction peaks corresponding to d-spacing of 12.4±0.2, 11.0±0.3, 9.3±0.3, 6.8±0.2, 6.1±0.2, 5.5±0.2, 4.4±0.2, 4.0±0.2 and 3.4±0.1 ?. The porous zeolite can be used as an adsorbent or as a component of a catalyst for the conversion of an organic compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adsorptive molded part preferably formed as a monolithic or single-piece part, wherein the molded part is constructed of a plurality of adsorptive structures based on agglomerates of adsorber particles, and to a method for producing said molded part and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An adsorbent media composition has a finished media lithium-exchanged zeolite X (LiX) with a finished Li content in a range from 96% to 83%, based on the total cation equivalents in the LiX. The adsorbent media composition is obtained from a slurry comprising water, a LiX precursor having a pre-media production Li content that is greater than the finished media LiX Li content, and another media component material, such as fibers. The water used to produced the media has a specific conductance in a range from 2.2 ?Siemens/cm to 150 ?Siemens/cm. The finished media LiX has a monovalent cation (Na, K, Rb, Cs and combinations thereof) in a range from 0.05% to 3%, based on the total equivalents of exchangeable cations in the finished media LiX.