Abstract: Improved performance of two-cycle and four-cycle engines is achieved by adding to the oil or fuel of such engines a composition that contains a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and a dialkyl fumarate or maleate and/or a synthetic diester compound that has about 30 carbon atoms. For two-cycle engines, the composition preferably contains both chemicals, in addition to an octane booster such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. For four-cycle engines, the composition contains at least one of the copolymer and diester, in addition to a molybdenum or bismuth salt, dimercapto 1,3,4-thiadiazole and sulfur-phosphorous EP and/or chlorinated paraffin. The composition can also act to improve gear and grease lubrication and provide improved lubricity to fuels.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition contains a major amount of lubricating base oil, at least one thickener and at least one agent for reducing the coefficient of friction. The agent for reducing the coefficient of friction comprises a metal oxide that has a specific surface area of at least 100 m2/g and that is selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and tin dioxide.

Abstract: An ester blend, including an ester having neopentylglycol and a source of 2-ethylhexanoic acid as its reactive components and an ester having pentaerythritol and a source of 2-ethylhexanoic acid as its reactive components, is especially effective as a lubricant for chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant heat transfer fluids, particularly Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane).

Abstract: A high quality lubricant for compressors operated during at least part of their compression cycle at temperatures above normal human comfort temperatures, such as most automotive air conditioners, especially those using chlorine free hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerant working fluids, is provided by mixed esters of hindered polyols, most desirably pentaerythritol, with a mixture of carboxylic acids including at least some iso-pentanoic acid along with one or more of iso-nonanoic acid, isooctanoic acid, and dibasic acids such as adipic. When the mixture includes about 7% adipic and amounts of branched C8-9 and C5 monobasic acids in a ratio of at least 0.75:1.00, the esters formed have excellent solubility for paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils and are therefore especially well suited for lubricating vehicle air conditioners formerly containing chlorine containing heat transfer fluids and mineral oil lubricants.

Abstract: A novel biodegradable polyneopentyl polyol (PNP) ester based synthetic ester basestock that includes a PNP ester admixed with a dicarboxylic acid ester coupling agent is provided. The PNP ester-coupling agent mixture is blended further with minor amounts of a single, or mixture of, additional high molecular weight linear or branched chain ester. The final basestocks are compatible with standard lubricant additive packages and miscible with gasoline to provide biodegradable lubricants that have improved viscosity characteristics, good low temperature properties, and improved lubricity for 2-stroke engine lubricant applications.

Abstract: The passage of a container along a conveyor is lubricated by applying to the container or conveyor a mixture of a water-miscible silicone material and a water-miscible lubricant. The mixture can be applied in relatively low amounts and with relatively low or no water content, to provide thin, substantially non-dripping lubricating films. In contrast to dilute aqueous lubricants, the lubricants of the invention provide drier lubrication of the conveyors and containers, a cleaner conveyor line and reduced lubricant usage, thereby reducing waste, cleanup and disposal problems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricant for a compression type refrigeration system using ammonia as a refrigerant, which comprises polyether compounds and aromatic amine compounds or phenothiazine compounds, and preferably further comprises alcohol compounds such as polyhydric alcohol partial ether and/or benzotriazole compounds. Further, the present invention provides a working fluid composition comprising the lubricant and an ammonia refrigerant, and a refrigeration system which is filled with the working fluid composition. The lubricant has not only good compatibility with ammonia, but excellent stability and lubricating property, and therefore can suitably used in a compression type refrigeration system using an ammonia refrigerant that does not have the possibility of ozone layer depletion and global warming phenomenon.

Abstract: A lubricating composition containing naphthenic basestocks has demulsification properties improved by the addition of a demulsification additive selected from oxyalkylated glycols, esters of oxyalkylated glycols and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The first lubricating oil composition of the invention comprises a polyol ester (A) as a base oil, a specific amount of a viscosity index improver (B) and a specific amount of an anti-wear agent (C), and the second lubricating oil composition of the invention comprises a paraffinic hydrocarbon oil (F) having at least 30 carbon atoms and a specific amount of a viscosity index improver (B), so that these compositions exert effects that they enable a life of watch battery to last long, they enable a watch to operate in the temperature range of −30 to 80° C. with one kind of a lubricating oil, and they are free from change of properties over a long period of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment to be used as an additive to a stock lubricant. The present invention may comprise an amount of a base fluid or other fluid, such as polybutylene, naphthenic oil, or a group III base fluid and a bismuth in a non-active sulfur. The present invention formula may further comprise one or more of a defoamer, a friction modifier, a detergent, a dispersant, and a polyol ester. Bismuth may be a particularly good sacrificial material for use as a lubricant additive because it is a heavy weight inorganic material that becomes soft at high temperatures. The preferred embodiment may utilize approximately 60% of the base fluid and approximately 30% of the bismuth in a non-active sulfur (approximately 15%-18% by weight bismuth) by volume. The treatment can be useful as a additive to a motor oil, a hydraulic lubricant, a gear lubricant, a diesel oil lubricant, or a compressor lubricant.

Abstract: A flowable nondigestible oil composition having a Consistency in a temperature range of 20° C. to 40° C. of less than about 600 P.sec(n-1), preferably less than about 400 p.sec(n-1). The flowable nondigestible oil contains a liquid component having a complete melt point less than 37° C., and a solid component having a complete melt point of at least about 37° C. At least one of the solid component and the liquid component includes a material selected from esterifield linked alkoxylated polyols, such as esterifield linked alkoxylated glycerines; esterifield epoxide-extended polyols; and mixtures thereof. A method for making the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A synthetic ester-containing lubricant with good soot-handling and, with friction modifier, viscosity modifier and antioxidant present, improved engine performance and cleanliness.

Abstract: A crankcase lubricant containing a Group m basestock in a major amount and a Group V basestock in the form of an ester in a minor amount. The lubricant also comprises a dispersant, a metal detergent, one or more other additives, and a viscosity modifier.

Abstract: We have found that a clear, stable microemulsion can be used during container transport operations during which the container is contacted with a transparent dispersion of hydrophilic and oleophilic materials. A process for lubricating a container, such as a beverage container, or a conveyor for containers, by applying to the container or conveyor, a thin continuous, substantially non-dripping layer of a transparent dispersed liquid lubricant. The process provides many advantages compared to the use of a conventional lubricant diluted with water.

Abstract: The invention relates to synthetic esters made from materials which can be derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: A lubricating composition containing naphthenic basestocks has demulsification properties improved by the addition of a demulsification additive selected from oxyalkylated glycols, esters of oxyalkylated glycols and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A novel biodegradable polyneopentyl polyol (PNP) ester based synthetic ester basestock that includes a PNP ester admixed with a dicarboxylic acid ester coupling agent is provided. The PNP ester-coupling agent mixture is blended further with minor amounts of a single, or mixture of, additional high molecular weight linear or branched chain ester. The final basestocks are compatible with standard lubricant additive packages and miscible with gasoline to provide biodegradable lubricants that have improved viscosity characteristics, good low temperature properties, and improved lubricity for 2-stroke engine lubricant applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigeration oil for a refrigerating machine using Flon as a refrigerant. In particular, the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for a refrigerating machine using hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) containing no chlorine as a refrigerant, also relates to a working fluid and a refrigerating machine.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a grease composition which can improve both the acoustic performance and anti-fretting property of a ball bearing, and a rolling bearing which is lubricated by such a grease composition.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: Oils containing a triacylglycerol polyol ester and a non-glycerol polyol ester are described, as well as methods of making such oils. Methods for improving lubrication properties of a vegetable oil also are described.

Abstract: An ester resulting from an esterification reaction between at least one polyfunctional alcohol and at least one polyfunctional carboxylic acid using a chain stopping agent to form ester bonds with the remaining hydroxyl or carboxyl groups is disclosed. The polyfunctional carboxylic acid comprises an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing from 9 to 18 carbon atoms, dimerised and/or trimerised fatty acids or mixtures thereof, with the proviso that dimerised and trimerised fatty acids do not constitute more than 80% by weight of the total amount of polyfunctional carboxylic acid used. The chain stopping agent may be a monocarboxylic acid or a monofuntional alcohol having at least 14 carbon atoms. The complex esters have a kinematic viscosity at 100 C of from 30 to 1000 cSt, preferably from 30 to 200 cSt.

Abstract: A grease composition is disclosed, wherein a metallic soap-base thickener containing a long-fiber material having a major axis part length of at least 3 &mgr;m is blended with a base oil obtained by mixing a lubricating oil having a polar group within the molecule structure and a non-polar lubricating oil, which can improve the initial sound (cage sound) of bearing at the starting of operation in a low-temperature environment and is effective on the reduction of fretting damage (abrasion) or torque, and also a rolling bearing and a linear acting apparatus each obtained by packing the grease composition are disclosed, which exhibit excellent low-temperature acoustic property and are reduced in the fretting damage (abrasion) or torque.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high quality ester and an ester obtained by this method. The method includes reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid in a presence of a Lewis acid catalyst in an amount of 0.00001 to 0.005 mol and a phosphorus-containing reducing agent in an amount of 0.0003 to 0.005 mol with respect to one mol of carboxyl groups of the carboxylic acid, and separating a resultant ester. This ester is useful as ester lubricating base stock for grease, automotive engine oil, and refrigerating machine oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a grease sealed bearing for automobile that has the high temperature resistance as well as shear stability, and prevents the noise at low temperature as well as the brittle flaking under high speed rotation and high load. The grease comprises a base oil containing a synthesized hydrocarbon oil and one or more ester oils at a weight ratio of 0.1 to 0.49:0.9 to 0.51; 5 to 30% by weight of a urea based thickener, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of dithiozinc phosphate based on the whole grease. The grease sealed bearing for automobile is obtained by sealing a bearing used in a device driven by an automobile engine with the grease.

Abstract: A synthetic lubricant composition is a blend of a polyol ester admixed with effective amounts of an antioxidant, yellow metal pacifier and rust inhibitors. The polyol ester blend includes a major proportion of poly(neopentyl polyol) ester blend formed by reacting poly(pentaerythritol) partial esters with at least one C7 to C12 carboxylic acid mixed with an ester formed by reacting a polyol having at least two hydroxyl groups and at least one C8-C10 carboxylic acid. Preferably, the acids are linear and avoid those which can cause odors during use. Effective additives include secondary arylamine antioxidants, triazole derivative yellow metal pacifier and an amino acid derivative and substituted primary and secondary amine and/or diamine rust inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a refrigerant composition which comprises a chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerant and, mixed with the refrigerant, a lubricant comprising a polyol ester. According to the invention the polyol ester comprises an ester of 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propane diol, the carboxylic acid residue of which is derived from a linear or branched C4 . . . C8-carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof, or it is derived from a mixture of linear or branched C4 . . . C18-carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. The present invention also concerns novel complex esters of 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, which contain residues of mono- or bivalent carboxylic acids. The novel esters exhibit good solubility in fluorinated hydrocarbons and excellent lubricating properties.

Abstract: Improved synthetic lubricants based on a 100% polyol ester composition suitable for use in high temperature static chain oil applications is provided. The lubricant includes a base stock based on a polyol ester that is the reaction product of a neopentyl polyol including a major proportion of dipentaerythritol and a mixture of C5 to C12 carboxylic acids. The preferred carboxylic acid mixture includes heptanoic (C7) acid, caprylic/capric (C8-10) acid and isononanoic (3, 5, 5-trimethylhyxanoic acid (iso-C9). The polyol base stock is mixed with an additive package that includes a viscosity index improver (tackifier), antioxidants, extreme pressure/antiwear agents and a corrosion inhibitor. The additive package may be added in up to about 20 percent by weight of the lubricant to provide a viscosity of the lubricant at 40° C. of at least about 275 cSt and at 100° C. of no less than about 25.0 cSt.

Abstract: A process for modifying an unsaturated polyol fatty acid ester stock, such as an unsaturated triacylglycerol oil, to enhance its reactivity provided. The method includes reacting the unsaturated polyol fatty acid ester stock with an oxygenating agent, such as an oxygen-containing gas. Tempering oils containing reactive polyol fatty acid esters and methods for their production and use are also provided.

Abstract: Rolling bearings are proposed in which acoustic deterioration is suppressed which maintaining low dust, low torque and long life. Also, a grease for rolling bearings is proposed which is less likely to scatter under centrifugal force at high speed rotation, whereby preventing malfunction and noise of electronic information devices. A lubricating oil film of an ester-series oil having a dynamic viscosity at 40° C. of 35 mm2/s or over is formed on the friction surface of a rolling bearing. There is also provided a high-speed rolling bearing in which a lubricating grease having its worked penetration (JIS K2220) adjusted to 175-250 is retained therein. The grease is preferably prepared by adding a thickening agent containing 50 wt % or more of an aliphatic lithium salt 12-24 in carbon number to a base oil comprising 30 wt % or more of an ester oil having a dynamic viscosity at 40° C. of 10 mm2/s or over, and having its worked penetration (JIS K2220) adjusted to 175-250.

Abstract: A thermal interface material including a compound which has high thermal conductivity, is dry-to-the-touch, but naturally tacky, and may be formed into various shapes, such as sheets and blocks, to serve as a heat transfer material for electronic components. The compound includes a pre-blend of a polyol ester and an antioxidant, a filler(s), a high viscosity oil, and either a solvent, a surfactant, and a polystyrene-based polymer, or aluminum silicate. A method for using the compound includes the steps of providing a heat generating electronic component with a first surface; providing a heat dissipating component with a second surface with which the first surface is to interface; and disposing the compound between the respective surfaces to effectuate efficient heat transfer therebetween. Further, the compound can be applied alone, e.g.

Abstract: A refrigerator oil comprises an ester obtained from: pentaerythritol; and a carboxylic acid mixture comprising n-pentanoic acid in an amount of 20 to 50% by mass; n-heptanoic acid in an amount of 20 to 50 % by mass and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in an amount of 5 to 60 % by mass, of the total amount of the carboxylic acid mixture.

Abstract: Hydraulic oil including an ester of tall oil obtained with at least one polyvalent alcohol selected from the group consisting of a polyhydroxy compound of neopentane and poly(ethyleneglycol), an oxidation inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, an antifoam agent, and an EP lubricant.

Abstract: A composition for cleaning and lubricating automotive air conditioners contains a polyol ester lubricant, an antiwear and extreme pressure additive, and a solvent mixture of tetrafluoroethane and 2,3-dihydroperfluoropentane. An automotive air conditioning system and a method of its cleaning and operation with the cleaning and lubricating composition present in the system are presented.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flame retardant hydraulic oil excellent in the flame retardancy, unaccompanied by the dangers of pinhole fire at sites of use and giving rise to no environmental contamination. This flame retardant hydraulic oil contain a hydraulic base oil comprising as the essential component an polyol partial ester which is a product formed by reacting (A) a polyol having a total of 6 to 22 carbon atoms and a total of 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups with (B) an acyclic monocarboxylic acid having a total of 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Said polyol partial ester has a hydroxyl value of 35 mg KOH/g or more, a flash point of 290° C. or higher and an average molecular weight of 600 to 1,500.

Abstract: A method of improving wear of metal surfaces and maintaining a hydrolytically stable environment in refrigeration equipment during the operation of the equipment. The method involves contacting the metal surfaces with an ester lubricant base stock comprising blends of esters of neopentyl glycol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and neopentyl glycol and at least one straight chain acid of four to ten carbon atoms and having a viscosity of about ISO 7-10. The lubricant can also be used in a working fluid with a chlorine-free fluoro-group heat transfer fluid such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.

Abstract: A grease composition for rolling bearing comprising a metal soap-based thickening agent containing a long fiber-like material having a major axis length of at least 3 &mgr;m incorporated in a base oil comprising a lubricant having a polar group in its molecular structure and a non-polar lubricant blended in combination.

Abstract: Improved performance of two-cycle and four-cycle engines is achieved by adding to the oil or fuel of such engines a composition that contains a copolymer of an alpha-olefin and a dialkyl fumarate or maleate and/or a synthetic diester compound that has about 30 carbon atoms. For two-cycle engines, the composition preferably contains both chemicals, in addition to an octane booster such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. For four-cycle engines, the composition contains at least one of the copolymer and diester, in addition to a molybdenum or bismuth salt, dimercapto 1,3,4-thiadiazole and sulfur-phosphorous EP and/or chlorinated paraffin. The composition can also act to improve gear and grease lubrication and provide improved lubricity to fuels.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flame retardant hydraulic oil excellent in the flame retardancy, heat stability and oxidative stability, unaccompanied by the dangers of pinhole fire and giving rise to no environmental contamination. This flame retardant hydraulic oil contains a hydraulic base oil including as the essential component a synthetic ester, which is a product formed by reacting (A) at least one polyol selected from the group consisting of neopentyl glycol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl-2′,2′-dimethyl-3′-hydroxypropionate, glycerin and trimethylolpropane with (B) a carboxylic acid including 15 to 85% by mole of oleic acid based on the total carboxylic acid and 15 to 85% by mole of isostearic acid based on the total carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid obtained by incorporating into the carboxylic acid 85% by mole or less of monocarboxylic acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms (excluding oleic acids and isostearic acids) based on the total carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Cutting or grinding oil compositions which are suitable for use in a minimal quantity lubrication system in which a minimal quantity of an oil is supplied to the spot to be cut or ground of a work, together with air are reduced in stickiness and improved in lubricity.

Abstract: A noise inhibitor for preventing a creaking noise production consisting of: a non-ionic or a carboxylic acid type negative ionic oil-soluble surfactant; and water or a wax emulsion solution, the surfactant being diluted by 2 to 15 times with the water or the wax emulsion solution. The range of HLB of the surfactant is from 8.0 to 10 and the range of pH of the noise inhibitor is from 7.5 to 9.5.

Abstract: A hydraulic oil, a predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity suitable for lubrication, and from 0.03% to 0.06% of an agent improving filterability, corresponding to the formula R—Z. Z represents an ester of succinic acid comprising the reaction product of a succinic anhydride and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol; or a succinimide comprising the reaction product of a succinic anhydride and a polyamine, the said reaction product being treated with an after-treatment agent. R represents a polyolefin having a molecular weight (Mn) of 500 to 2500 and an Mw/Mn ratio of 1 to 5.

Abstract: Thermally formed thermoplastic articles can be protected from stress cracking in the presence of stress cracking promoting compounds by forming a shaped article comprising a thermoplastic and a liquid hydrocarbon oil composition. We have found that the liquid hydrocarbon oil composition prevents the stress cracking promoting materials from interacting with the polymeric structure of the stressed container to prevent or inhibit stress cracking in such materials. The methods and compositions of the invention are particularly useful in preventing stress cracking in polyethylene terephthalate beverage containers during bottling operations during which the bottle is contacted with aqueous and non-aqueous materials such as cleaners and lubricants that can interact with the polyester to cause stress cracking particularly in the container base.

Abstract: A lubricant composition containing an anti-deposition component having an anti-deposition effect which is especially useful for the lubrication of refrigeration compressors and in reducing or removal of unwanted deposits in constricted areas in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: The invention is a liquid composition of matter useful as a metal working lubricant. The composition comprises a primary lubricity component, such as a polyether or polyether ester, and dissolved salts of carboxylic acids. The composition preferably contains not more than 0.2 percent of any element except carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, inorganically bonded halogens, inorganically bonded nitrogen, inorganically bonded sulfur, and inorganically bonded phosphorus.

Abstract: A lubricating grease composition having a basic grease composition containing a synthetic oil as a base oil, and a lithium soap as a thickener. 0.5 to 10% by weight with respect to the basic grease composition total amount of at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an organic molybdenum compound, an organic fatty acid compound or an derivative thereof, and an organic phosphorus compound is added is provided. Accordingly, the present invention can provide a lubricating grease composition capable of providing excellent lubricating characteristics, fretting wear resistance property, and impact resistance property.

Abstract: A lubricant is provided which has a hardness in the range 0.1-10 N/mm at all temperatures in the range 15-40° C. The lubricant consists of at least one full ester of a glycol with a fatty acid, e.g. ethylene glycol dilaurate, optionally mixed with a minor amount of a fatty acid such as stearic acid, and/or a minor amount of a partial ester of a glycol with a fatty acid. The lubricant is useful in the production of press-formed components, and particularly in techniques for converting aluminium sheet to adhesively bonded aluminium structures.

Abstract: Esters of estolides derived from oleic acids and C-6 to C-14 saturated fatty acids are characterized by superior properties for use as lubricant base stocks. These estolides may also be used as lubricants without the need for fortifying additives normally required to improve the lubricating properties of base stocks.

Abstract: An extreme pressure agent and a friction coefficient modifier which comprises a compound having, in a molecule, a group represented by general formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and R3 each represents hydrogen atom or methyl group, and at least one of R2 and R3 represents hydrogen atom; a fluid resistant to seizure under load and a wear resistant fluid which each comprises the above additive or the above modifier; and a flame resistant fluid which comprises a thermally polymerizable substance, preferably the above compound. The extreme pressure agent and the friction coefficient modifier have excellent properties and are advantageously used for lubricating oil, metal working oil, and hydraulic oil. The flame resistant fluid suppresses vaporization of flammable substances by thermal polymerization to prevent fire when the fluid is exposed to a high temperature and is advantageously used as lubricating oil, metal working oil, hydraulic oil, heat treatment oil, and grease.

Abstract: Esters of branched C9 alcohols suitable as plasticizers are formed by esterification of a C9 alcohol produced by the aldol condensation from propanal and a C6 aldehyde and hydrogenation, the propanal optionally having been made from natural gas streams.