Abstract: A porous and abrasive plastic stone is disclosed for use in a stonewashing process to commercially age garments or fabric. The plastic stone replaces the pumice stone that is typically used in the stonewashing process. A method for manufacturing the stone includes mixing plastic material with a gas-producing agent within a plastic extruder. This produces a plurality of cells or voids in the plastic as gas expands during the cooling of the plastic. The cells along the periphery of the plastic material are ruptured by the gas to form an abrasive surface comparable to that of pumice and yield a plastic stone with a desired density.

Abstract: A liquid soap absorbent, liquid soap dispensing synthetic ceramic stone of specified porosity with interconnecting voids throughout the body of the stone. The surface of the stone is mildly abrasive in a soap and water milieu. The interconnecting voids are substantially uniform enabling a liquid soap to thoroughly penetrate the stone by capillary action. In use, the liquid soap is continuously dispensed by dissolution in water and the aspirating action caused by a concave bottom surface of the stone and the seal provided by soap, water and skin at the point of use. As the liquid soap is drawn from the stone the interconnecting voids are cleared of the soap. With the depletion of the liquid soap from the stone a fresh charge of liquid soap is accomplished by merely placing the depleted stone in a shallow receptacle filled with liquid soap.

Abstract: Improved hot-pressed vitrified bodies are described, which comprise an abrasive material, a vitreous bond; and at least one extender agent. The extender agent may be formed of hollow ceramic bodies such as glass or mullite spheres, alone or in combination with a non-reactive material such as graphite. An improved method for preparing vitrified abrasive wheels is also described.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing abrasive tumbling media comprising discrete abrasive particles having a preselected size and shape made by firing a formed mixture primarily comprising a particulate ceramic material, which method comprises adding at least 10% of hollow ceramic microspheres to said mixture prior to firing to obtain particles having a final fired bulk density below 65 lbs/ft..sup.3. The ceramic material preferably comprises at least 30 percent clay and the hollow microspheres have a shell consisting essentially of from 58 to 65 weight percent silica and from 28 to 33 percent by weight alumina, a shell thickness of about 10% of the diameter of the microsphere and an average particle size of from about 50 to 100 microns.

Abstract: The invention is a process of manufacturing an abrasive article with the steps of forming an abrasive article in the unfired state comprising an abrasive, a vitreous bond and a polymer resin wherein the polymer resin has an elastic modulus greater than about 2.0.times.10.sup.9 Pa, a weight gain due to moisture absorption when measured after exposure to a 90.degree. C. temperature and 85% relative humidity for 10 hours of less than about 2 wt % and a weight loss on firing in a nitrogen atmosphere at 5.degree. C. per minute to 550.degree. C. of greater than about 95 wt %, and firing the abrasive article thereby decomposing the polymer resin and creating pores in the abrasive article. The invention further includes the abrasive article formed in the unfired state by the above process.

Abstract: An abrasive member comprising an electrically conductive or non-conductive open, porous layer comprising a nonwoven fabric supporting a metal structure which carries an abrasive material. The porous layer, at a side thereof not containing abrasive material, may be provided with a backing layer having heat conductive properties. Further, the porous layer may consist of two or more layers stacked together, at least one of these layers being a nonwoven fabric. Such an abrasive member is excellently suitable for heavy duty dry-grinding operations, such as the grinding of granite. The abrasive metal structure can be applied onto and through the porous layer by an electroplating or electro-deposition process.

Abstract: An apparatus for use and a method of abrading small objects to remove surface material from such small objects, the apparatus including a chamber and an abrasive moving bottom that passes under a transverse wall of the chamber having an inlet and outlet for the abraded objects, recirculating the objects in the chamber and a lid for applying pressure on the recirculating objects to press them adjacent the bottom against the bottom; with the method comprising supplying the small objects to the chamber, recirculating the objects and applying pressure against the objects adjacent the bottom against the bottom against the bottom of the chamber and removing the abraded objects from the chamber outlet.

Abstract: A method of producing an abrasive tape by preparing an abrasive paint containing abrasive grains having a grain size of 0.05 to 10 .mu.m and containing air bubbles which, upon coating of a flexible substrate, form an abrasive layer having pores in content of 10 to 60% by volume based on a volume of said abrasive layer.

Abstract: A low-density non woven abrasive article formed of a multiplicity of continuous, crimped, thermoplastic organic filaments having a portion of the filaments entangled with one another and having an organic thermoset binder which binds at least some of the filaments at points where they contact, performs well as a scouring article. The filaments of the article may further have abrasive particles adhesively bound thereto by the binder. The web of the low-density article is produced by entangling a plurality of substantially parallel, continuous, crimped, thermoplastic organic filaments, preferably by needlepunching, and coating the entangled web with a binder precursor solution or slurry.

Abstract: A non-woven abrasive material including a lofty, open, three dimensional web of non-woven fibers randomly intertwined and carrying abrasive particles and a binder material bonding the fibers together and bonding the abrasive particles to the fibers, with hydrogenated vegetable oil in solid form coating the fibers, particles and binder material at the surface of the web and within voids in the interior of the web, and preferably also with a coating of resinous plastic binder encapsulating the hydrogenated vegetable oil at the surface of the web and within its interior.

Abstract: Synthetic abrasive stones and method for making same. A mixture of glass and 10.5-28% by weight foaming agent is provided. The mixture is heated to a temperature of from 765.degree. to 960.degree. C., and is then cooled to room temperature.

Abstract: A grinding tool is described which comprises self-bonded particles of a ceramic abrasive and has a voids volume of from 5 to 65%.

Abstract: An improved abrasive grain comprising the sintered product of a porous non-sintered particle having a coating of inorganic material thereon is provided. A preferred method of making such abrasive grains comprises coating the porous base particles with inorganic particles. The preferred step of coating comprises a step of mixing the base particles with a suspension containing the inorganic particles in a carrier fluid. The porous base particles having the coating of inorganic particles thereon are sintered, to generate the ceramic abrasive grain product. The abrasive grains may be incorporated, to advantage, in a variety of abrasive products including for example bonded abrasives, nonwoven abrasive products and coated abrasive products.

Abstract: An improved fibrous composite structure for use in grinding, cutting and/or polishing operations, normally with abrasives. Webs of fibrous materials, preferably blends of fibers having different deniers are fed to a needling apparatus and are needled, starting with at least two such webs. The needles force fibers from the webs along the path of needle travel and withdraw generally clean, leaving voids that define pores. Further individual layers are needled in like fashion to alternating opposite sides of the structure. Needles pass through an amount greater than fifty percent of the then thickness of the structure adequate to produce a unitary composite, though, and most preferably entirely through the thickness. The process for producing the composite products and embodiments of the products are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A method for coating cluster compacts of polycrystalline diamond and CBN particles is provided, wherein the cluster compact is not exposed to high temperatures due to selective heating of the coating/cluster compact interface with the use of laser energy. Strong coatings can be formed on thermally sensitive compacts which allow such compacts to be brazed directly to a tool holder.

Abstract: A grinding tool is described which comprises self-bonded particles of a ceramic abrasive and has a voids volume of from 5 to 65%.

Abstract: An open low density abrasive article adapted for the cleaning of aluminum or similar surfaces comprising a lofty open non-woven three dimensional web form of a plurality of interlaced randomly extending flexible durable, tough, resilient organic fibers said web fibers being firmly adhesively bonded together at points where they cross and contact each other to form a three-dimensionally integrated structure throughout said web, and abrasive particles distributed within said web and firmly bonded to the web fibers by a relatively hard binder, the interstices between adjacent fibers being open and substantially unfilled by binder or abrasive, there being defined throughout said aricle a tridimensionally extending network of intercommunicating voids constituting the major portion of the volume of the said article, said article being flexible and readily compressible and, upon release of pressure capable of recovering substantially completely to its initial form, wherein said abrasive is defined by any one of the

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing porous vitrified grinder, where melamine cyanurate is used as a pore-imparting agent. The grinder has a long life and has an improved grinding capacity.

Abstract: A method of cleaning and polishing a variety of porous and non-porous materials including porcelains, plastics, marble, glass, and finished wood. The polishing compound is comprised of an abrasive powder, an hydroflouric acid, and an organic solvent. The polishing compound is applied with a cloth and scouring of the surface to be cleaned and polished is accomplished with a soft cloth or with a polishing machine. The invention effectively removes scratches, stains, and blemishes from the surface to be polished and after scouring the result is a blemish free and polished surface.

Abstract: A grinding body having a matrix comprising a binding agent (1), abrasive grain (2) and filling materials. The matrix which is of a Shore hardness of between D 35 to D 95, preferably D 70 to D 80, is provided with filling means comprising porous conglomerates (3).

Abstract: An abrasive article comprises abrasive particles bonded to microporous material wherein the microporous material comprises (a) a matrix consisting essentially of thermoplastic organic polymer, (b) a large proportion of finely divided water-insoluble siliceous filler, and (c) a large void volume.

Abstract: A method of producing an abrasive roll comprises the steps of forming a mixture of substances such as abrasive grains, a bond, a temporary caking agent and a pore forming agent, molding the mixture into a body having a predetermined shape, and drying and then burning the body. The pore forming agent is constituted from a rice hull powder sieved to have a predetermined particle size, thereby enabling to produce an abrasive roll of high porosity which has pores having substantially ball-like shape and substantially uniform size and includes a bond having portions of high SiO.sub.2 concentration each adjacent to and surrounding one of the pores.

Abstract: A process for preparing an abrasive sheet having abrasive particles adhered on a base sheet in monolayer is disclosed, wherein mixed slurry of abrasive particles and binder adhesive is foamed, the foamed slurry is uniformaly painted on the base sheet, and foams formed in the slurry is broken by heating thereby to form the abrasive sheet having good flatness.

Abstract: A composite material is formed of a carrier having a cellular structure and diamonds or other hard, abrasive particles received within the cellular structure. A matrix material holds the diamonds in the carrier, and the matrix material may be the carrier itself or an additional substance such as a metal powder or resin. The diamonds may protrude from the composite material for aggressive working, or may be embedded for longer life of the material. The cellular carrier has a skeleton that protects and mechanically supports the diamonds within the composite material for greater durability of the composite material.

Abstract: A composite yet monolithic, free abrasive grinding lap includes a sintered porous matrix of ceramic or metal material and a quantity of silicon, substantially completely filling the pores of the sintered porous matrix preform at least throughout an effective region of the lap that is to come in contact with a workpiece to be acted upon by the lap. The free abrasive grinding lap is made by first slip-casting a preform, then freezing and freeze-drying the same, followed by lightly sintering the dry preform into a porous matrix preform, bringing the temperature of the preform to above the melting point of silicon, and filling the pores with molten silicon.

Abstract: Diamond grains utilized in cutting tools and usually held in a bond, specifically metallic bond are subjected to a pretreatment which enlarges their surface to at least twice their natural surface area. The pretreatment includes embedding the diamond grains in a metal powder, and exposing the embedded grains to a stream of hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature above 700.degree. C. until pores are etched in contact areas of the diamonds with the metal particles. The pretreated diamond grains are then purified with an acid to remove the metal particles and other residues.

Abstract: A method of producing an abrasive roll comprises the steps of forming a mixture of substances such as abrasive grains, a bond, a temporary caking agent and a pore forming agent, molding the mixture into a body having a predetermined shape, and drying and then burning the body. The pore forming agent is constituted from a rice hull powder sieved to have a predetermined particle size, thereby enabling to produce an abrasive roll of high porosity which has pores having substantially ball-like shape and substantially uniform size and includes a bond having portions of high SiO.sub.2 concentration each adjacent to and surrounding one of the pores.

Abstract: A flexible abrasive article for cleaning, polishing or smoothing objects which is resistant to absorption of liquid and capable of conforming to the shape of the object. The article comprises a flexible resilient closed cell polyvinyl chloride foam substrate having upper and lower surfaces with a reinforcing textile layer and abrasive particulate matter adhered to at least one surface. The reinforcing textile layer may be buried within the foam substrate with abrasive particulate adhered to one or both surfaces of the substrate. Or the textilforcing textile layer and abrasive particulate matter adhered to at least one surface. The reinforcing textile layer may be buried within the foam substrate with abrasive particulate adhered to one or both surfaces of the substrate. Or the textile layer may be adhered to one surface and the particulate matter adhered to the other. In addition, the article may be laminated to a thermoformable rigid sheet to produce shaped tools.

Abstract: The interspace-filling finish (10, 15) of the textile backing of a flexible grinding tool has a foam structure, thereby achieving better filling properties, while at the same time ensuring good fiber bonding.

Abstract: A composite spherical-particle abrasive comprises spherical particles and abrasive particles, each spherical particle being coated with a plurality of abrasive particles. The composite abrasive particles are dispersed in a binder resin, and the dispersion is applied as an abrasive layer or coat to a backing to provide an abrasive tool. A grinding method uses such a composite spherical-particle abrasive tool.

Abstract: A polishing pad for a semiconductor wafer, which pad is made of a foamed fluorine-contained resin sheet and is highly resistant to a corrosive polishing solution such as bromine-methanol system or bromine-methanol-silica powder system.

Abstract: A foamed abrasive element comprises a bond of a crosslinked and hardened unsaturated polyester resin and abrasive grains dispersed in the bond and having a porosity of 10 to 80% and a compressive modulus of 10.sup.2 to 10.sup.5 kg/cm.sup.2. A method of foamed abrasive element is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved polishing pad material is produced by modifying conventional poromeric materials in which a porous thermoplastic resin matrix, typically polyurethane, is reinforced with a fibrous network such as a felted mat of polyester fibers. The polishing material is modified by coalescing the resin among the fibers, preferably by heat treatment, to increase the porosity and hardness of the material as well increasing the surface activity of the resin. The polishing material may also incorporate polishing aids such as particulate abrasives and may also be used as a lapping or grinding material.

Abstract: A product and process for reconditioning abrasive stones used to sharpen metal tools such as woodworking tools. The product is a slab made up of abrasive grain bond with an organic polymer.

Abstract: A method of preparing porous abrasive rock for use in distressing fabric, including the steps of impregnating rocks placed in a vacuum vessel with a bleaching solution under reduced pressure, maintaining the reduced pressure for a first interval while injecting the solution beneath the rocks and then increasing the vessel pressure above ambient for a second interval prior to removal.

Abstract: Erodable agglomerates containing individual abrasive grains disposed in an erodable matrix comprising hollow bodies and a binder. The agglomerates are useful for coated abrasives and bonded abrasives. Abrasive products containing the agglomerates provide higher stock removal than abrasive products bearing a single layer of abrasive grains, since the erodable character of the agglomerates allows the sloughing off of spent individual abrasive grains during abrading operations and the exposing of new abrasive grains to the workpiece. The invention also provides a method of preparing the agglomerates of this invention.

Abstract: A press felt base (single or multiple layer) having a plastic, fiber reinforced resinous matrix surface, wherein the surface is composed of a resin. The press felt base also having textile fibers distributed throughout the resin and having open air channels and voids throughout the resin once it is hardened.

Abstract: A process for improving the grinding performance of a porous ceramic or plastic bound grinding or honing body, using the steps of obtaining a conventionally produced porous ceramic or plastic bound grinding or honing body, and filling the pore spaces of the body at least in part with at least one metal soap.

Abstract: A grindstone-polymer composite for a super colloid mill characterized in that, in the inner void pores of the porous vitrified grindstone for the super colloid mill, thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers are allowed to fill the void pores of the wall surface within a range of 30 to 60% of total volume of void pores in said grindstone so that 70 to 40% of void pores in the grindstone for the super colloid mill remain and the volume fraction Vp thereof lies within a range of 0.09 to 0.21.

Abstract: A flat type resinoid grinding wheel, which comprises abrasive grains and phenol resin bond, contains inorganic substance particles in the abrasive grains. The particles are almost the same as the abrasive grains in size but are lower than the abrasive grains in hardness value. Furthermore, the porosity of the grinding wheel is limited to 15% or less.

Abstract: A composite cleaning pad is provided which incorporates a sheet of open-celled reticulated, hydrophillic polyurethane foam which integrally incorporates silane-coupled abrasives and a gelled aqueous phase and a textile sheet which covers a surface of the foam sheet and is bonded thereto.

Abstract: The sol-gel process for forming dense, alumina-base ceramics, the process comprising1. preparing a dispersion of aluminum oxide monohydrate containing a precursor of a modifying additive in the form of a soluble salt;2. gelling the dispersion;3. drying the gel dispersion to form a solid;4. calcining the solid; and5. sintering the calcined solid,is improved by adding to the dispersion at least about 10 weight percent, based on the oxide equivalent of the soluble salt precursor, of at least one densification aid selected from the group consisting of alcohols, glycols and polyether compounds having a vaporization point in excess of the temperature at which the dispersion is dried. This improved process is particularly useful for manufacturing abrasive grains.

Abstract: An electrodeposited grinding tool having an electrodeposited abrasive layer formed by electrodepositing abrasive grains to an electrodeposition thickness at least three times as large as the diameter of the abrasive grains. Pores are dispersed in the electrodeposited abrasive layer in a volume ratio of 10 to 70%.

Abstract: A coated abrasive product which comprises a fabric backing, a layer of abrasive grain and at least one layer of resin between the backing and abrasive grain. Hollow microspheres are present and at least partly and usually entirely embedded in the resin layer. In general, such hollow microspheres comprise hollow spherical bodies which may be of glass or plastic materials such as a phenolic resin, which have a diameter of from about 5 to about 500 microns and an average diameter of from about 25 to about 150 microns. Such hollow microspheres generally have a shell thickness which averages from about 5 to about 20 percent of the diameter of the microsphere. Such microspheres are usually incorporated into the resin layer in an amount of from about 5 to about 20 percent by weight of the resin layer.

Abstract: Particles of agglomerates of abrasive particles held in a porous glassy matrix are produced by mixing abrasive grits with known porous-glass forming compositions. In the resulting product the abrasive grits are held encapsulated within the thin walls of the porous body and tend to concentrate at the periphery of the body.

Abstract: A sanding tool (8) or surface finishing tool for sanding or finishing a work piece such as profiled moldings or edges of panel type work pieces has a foam material body (17), at least one surface of which has a contour corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the surface to be sanded or finished. A sanding or finishing belt (11) is secured to the contoured surface of the foam material body. The tool is produced in a simple, economical manner by casting or molding. For this purpose a profiled body having a surface configuration corresponding to that of the work piece is inserted into a mold. A length of sanding belt or sandpaper is inserted into the mold so that the rough surface faces the profiled body. The mold is then filled with a foam material which, after curing, is intimately bonded to the sanding belt or paper with the desired contour.

Abstract: Use of fine-grained pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol or a mixture of these compounds as a pore forming additive in porous ceramic products such as ceramic abrasive wheels and ceramic filters.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus for superfinishing magnetic disk substrates using a non-friable polishing pad including a high density polyurethane foam binder in which at least 50 per cent by weight of classified hard particles are retained. Polishing occurs by rotating the pad against the surface to be ultrafinished in the presence of a water soluable liquid vehicle maintaining a minimum pressure of 5 pounds per square inch at a rotational speed that achieves the desired aggressiveness of the polishing media. The method and apparatus contemplate both the ultrafinishing of newly prepared substrate disks and the restoring of previously coated disks to a ultrafinished substrate condition without producing substances or conditions toxic to the ecology or the operator.

Abstract: The grinding media is formed of a concentration of agglomerate free hard particles exceeding 50 percent by weight of the media, wherein the particles are chelated by a dispersing agent, surface treated with a surfactant, mixed with polyether polyol and polyisocyanate plus a catalyst and water and thereafter rapidly cured in a closed mold which has been preheated to a temperature exceeding 50.degree. C. and a pressure of 60 to 120 PSIG. The water reacts during curing to create a polyurea linkage and release CO.sub.2 as a blowing agent. The resulting media has a low elastic modulus with particles retained in a polyurethane-urea binder system. The media composition may also include an inorganic filler such as glass fibers not exceeding 30 percent by weight of the media.

Abstract: An abrasive or polishing sheet has indicia carried on its rear face overlaid by a translucent textile material providing a surface engageable by hooks, the material being adhered to the said indicia and their information content remain discernible through the said material. The sheet can be secured to a hooked surface of a carrier unit and can be removed therefrom and reused. The grit size indication is provided without needing to print the fabric.The textile material is a brushed, knitted nylon having less than 20 loops or curls per square mm. A carrier pad has a material to which the sheet can be attached. The material of the pad has inclined stalks extending therefrom which have unhooked ends. These features result in a very low peel strength between sheet and pad.