Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for treating or preventing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery.

Abstract: Novel oligopeptides, combinations thereof and fusion proteins composed of the above-mentioned oligopeptides are disclosed. Oligopeptides are homologous in amino acid sequence to the selected parts of the amino acid sequence of human myelin basic protein (MBP) and are capable to ameliorate the progression of multiple sclerosis by means of binding to and inactivation of epitope-specific anti MBP catalytic auto antibodies (ESAMBPCAA) involved into binding and catalytic degradation of MBP in course of progression of Multiple Sclerosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor subtype in human central nervous system (CNS) that is pharmacologically distinct from the TRH receptor subtype in human pituitary. The invention provides a means to understand how the central actions of TRH are mediated and to isolate and characterize the novel receptor, as well as methods applicable to research and development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in human CNS disorders.

Abstract: A peptide compound having a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitory activity or a composition containing the peptide compound that can make a contribution to the prevention of the onset of pathology or the progression in diabetes mellitus patients or those at risk of diabetes mellitus can be provided according to the present invention by a simple method using, as a raw material, milt of a fishery product, which has been eaten for ages and has high safety. In the present invention, a peptide compound having a peptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitory activity obtained in a hydrolysate of a milt protein source obtained from a fishery product is used as an active component of a composition for inhibiting DPPIV.

Abstract: A method for producing (2S,5S)/(2R,5R)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid represented by formula (10) below: the method including removing the protecting group from the hydroxyl group in a compound represented by formula (7) below: (wherein P represents a protecting group, R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms) to synthesize a compound represented by formula (8) below: (wherein R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group containing 7 to 20 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A cyclic peptide or a salt thereof of formula (1): X-Leu-Val-Y1-Y2 (1), where X is Lys, Arg, His, Ala, Gly, Ser, or Thr; and Y1 and Y2, which are identical to or different from each other, each represent a group represented by formula (2): where Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group; and n is an integer from 0 to 2. In the cyclic peptide has an ?-amino group at the amino terminus of the amino acid sequence which is linked, via a peptide bond, to the carboxyl group at the carboxyl terminus of the amino acid sequence.

Abstract: An oromucosal solution comprising about 1-8% (w/v) apomorphine or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt thereof solubilised in a non-aqueous carrier containing at least about 50% (v/v) of propylene glycol. A small volume (25-250 ?L) of said solution containing about 1-12 mg apomorphine may be administered upon demand to treat motor fluctuations during off periods in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. The solution may also be used for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Abstract: Inhibition of the VIP signaling pathway using VIP antagonists is contemplated. Methods of treating or preventing a viral infection comprising administering a VIP antagonist to a subject in need thereof are also contemplated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preventing or treating neurological diseases, particularly brain diseases, and improving cognitive functions using a composition comprising stanniocalcin 2 as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An acyl dipeptide derivative represented by the formula (1): wherein an acyl group represented by R1—CO— is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain acyl group having 2-24 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an OH group or an OR5 group, R5 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and R4 is a hydrogen atom, or a saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having 1-6 carbon atoms, or a salt thereof has a superior antimicrobial effect, and a composition containing the compound is superior in the sensory feel.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the use of drugs to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD) in a subject after, before, or during a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In certain embodiments, the drugs are antagonist of vasoactive intestinal peptide signaling. In certain embodiments, the subject has a blood or bone marrow cancer or condition.

Abstract: Novel peptide/peptoid oligomers are disclosed that have a formula represented by the following formula Ia or Ib: The peptide/peptoid oligomers demonstrate the ability to inhibit fibrillization and oligomerization of A? and may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions and used for the prevention or treatment of a variety of conditions in mammals, including humans, associated with A? oligomerization. The present peptidomimetic oligomers are particularly valuable for the treatment of subjects with AD.

Abstract: Peptide 6 and in particular, Peptide 021, may be used to treat tauopathies, such as frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome-17 (FTDP-17) tau, corticobasal degeneration, Pick disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Guam Parkinsonism dementia complex, dementia pugilistica also known as traumatic encephalopathy or traumatic brain injury, ceroid neuronal lipofusinosis, Hallerworden Sptaz disease, Alzheimer's disease, and adults with Down syndrome.

Abstract: The invention provides optimized miRNA sequences and their therapeutic use. The invention provides optimized miRNA constructs for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for treating or preventing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery.

Abstract: A neurotrophic peptide having the sequence VGDGGLFEKKL (SEQ ID NO: 1) may be used to help sustain local microenvironment after mild-to-moderate brain injury. Treatment with the peptide was shown to enhance differentiation of newly born progenitors in the dentate gyrus 30 days after injury and to promote neuronal maturation and survival that is not seen naturally after traumatic brain injuries.

Abstract: The present invention provides agents for inhibiting binding of a pro-neurotrophin to a Vps1 Op-domain receptor, in particular the binding of a pro-NGF or a pro-BDNF to a Sortilin receptor. The invention thus provides agents for the manufacture of a medicament, for treating and/or preventing disease or disorders such as but not limited to neurological, neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases, disorders, and degeneration as well as obesity, diabetes, pain and/or nociception in an individual.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to fibrillar adjuvants. For example, epitopes assembled by a synthetic peptide domain into nanofibers comprising a ?-fibrillization peptide may elicit high antibody titers in the absence of any adjuvant. In certain embodiments, multiple different antigens may be integrated into polypeptide nanofibers, providing biomaterials with modular and precise composition of bioactive proteins.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods for treating or preventing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating or limiting development of age-related macular degeneration, as well as methods for identifying compound suitable for such use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a Compound (a) of a class of peptide Compounds and at least one further Compound (b) for the prevention, alleviation or/and treatment of epileptic seizures.

Abstract: Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors without vomiting of the present invention are compounds or prodrugs or solvates represented by formula (I) wherein R1 is an independent methoxy, bromine and substituted aryl; X is an optionally substituted six-membered heterocyclic ring; Y is —(CH2)n—, —NH(CH2)n—, and —NH(CH2)n—O—, wherein n is any value among 0, 1, 2 and 3; Z is an optionally substituted aromatic ring or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic ring. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor without vomiting of the present invention are novel biphenyl series PDE4D inhibitors, and can be applied to treat depression and Alzheimer's disease, improve cognitive ability and avoid vomiting.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is to improve the safety and efficacy of the administration of GHB or a salt thereof to a patient. It has been discovered that the concomitant administration of an MCT inhibitor, such as diclofenac, valproate, or ibuprofen, will affect GHB administration. For example, it has been discovered that diclofenac lowers the effect of GHB in the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition. Furthermore, it has been discovered that valproate increases the effect of GHB on the body, thereby potentially causing an unsafe condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptide compounds that are capable of stimulating neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth and survival of neural cells, and enhancing synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, methods of treating diseases and conditions of nervous system by administration of compositions comprising said compounds. The compounds and compositions of the invention include peptide sequences that are derived from the sequence of human erythropoietin or proteins that are homologous of human erythropoietin.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment of proliferative disorders including proliferative such as breast, uterine cervical, ophthalmic, and pancreatic cancer by the administration of intravenous synthetic curcumin (S-curcumin) are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention include synthetic compounds (NRP analogues) of peptides termed neural regeneration peptides (NRPs). NRP analogues are made by substituting amino acids in the native peptide sequence, modifying amino acids chemically, by replacing amino acids with synthetic moieties, by stabilizaing ?-turns, acetylation of terminal glycine residues or by cyclization. NRP analogues can be used to treat a variety of conditions involving degeneration of neural cells, and includes treating disorders of the nervous system, including peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: Provided is a method for detecting injury to the brain comprising: a) determining the level of a tight junction (TJ) protein in exosomes isolated from a test sample from a subject, wherein the TJ protein is occludin, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-12, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, JAM-A, JAM-B or JAM-C, or any combination thereof; b) comparing the level of the TJ protein in the test sample to the level of the TJ protein in a control sample, wherein an elevated level of the TJ protein in the test sample relative to the level of the TJ protein in the control sample indicates that the subject has an injury to the brain.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compounds and methods for promoting cell survival and/or plasticity, especially in neuronal cells, by targeting the microtubule End Binding (EB) proteins and other associated proteins (e.g., drebrin). Methods for identifying potential modulators of cell death/plasticity are also described.

Abstract: Potent compounds having combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-radiation and metal chelating properties are described. Short peptides having these properties, and methods and uses of such short peptides in clinical and cosmetic applications are described.

Abstract: Soluble proteins, e.g. Hevin, can trigger synapse formation; and other soluble proteins, e.g. SPARC antagonize this activity. Such proteins are synthesized in vitro and in vivo by astrocytes. Methods are provided for protecting or treating an individual suffering from adverse effects of deficits in synaptogenesis, or from undesirably active synaptogenesis.

Abstract: The present invention includes a novel class of highly specific protease inhibitors. In one embodiment, the inhibitors of the invention are ?-helical in structure. In another embodiment, the present invention represents the first demonstration of a highly specific cysteine protease inhibitor.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fermented infant formulae comprising non digestible oligosaccharides for improving intestinal tract health by decreasing protein digestive effort, by decreasing the amount of endogenously formed proteases concomitant with an increased protein digestion, and a reduced protein fermentation.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting, reducing, and/or treating pathological apoptosis and/or protein aggregation in a subject includes administering to the subject an amount of a therapeutic polypeptide effective to inhibit, reduce, and/or treat the pathological apoptosis and/or protein aggregation. The therapeutic polypeptide including at least one of acetylated ?A-crystallin, acetylated ?B-crystallin, acetylated fragments thereof having molecular chaperone activity, and/or polypeptide mimetics thereof that can inhibit pathological protein aggregation and/or pathological apoptosis.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence which is an analog of human amylin, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these polypeptides, and these polypeptides for use as medicaments.

Abstract: Isolated DJ-1 related peptides are disclosed and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same for treating oxidative stress-related disorder.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds having either agonist or antagonist activities for the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF and represented by monomeric or dimeric substituted dipeptides that are analogs of the exposed portions of loop 1 or loop 4 regions of these neurotrophins near or at a beta-turn of the respective loop. N-acylated substituents of these dipeptides are biostereoisomers of the amino acid residues preceding these dipeptide sequences in the neurotrophin primary structure. The dimeric structure is produced advantageously by using hexamethylenediamine to which dipeptides are attached via their carboxyl groups. The claimed compounds displayed neuroprotective and differentiation-inducing activities in cellular models and enhanced the amount of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase A and the heat shock proteins Hsp32 and Hsp70 in the concentration range of 10?9 to 10?5 M.

Abstract: Methods and compositions used in treating ischemic stroke using a recombinant DR?-MOG-35-55 construct are disclosed. The disclosed methods involve administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising DR?-MOG-35-55 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a subject that has had or is at risk of developing ischemic stroke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide with anti-inflammatory activity, wherein the peptide comprises at least one amino acid sequence among SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179, the peptide has above 80% homology of amino acid sequence with above-mentioned sequences, or the peptide is the fragment of the above-mentioned peptides. The present invention also relates to an inflammatory composition comprising the above mentioned peptides. According to the present invention, the peptides that have at least one amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179 shows outstanding efficacy in both suppressing inflammation and in prophylactic means. Therefore, the composition comprising the peptides of this invention can be used as anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions or as cosmetic compositions, in turn, treating and preventing a variety of different types of inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: Described herein is the identification of primate-specific glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor opposite strand (GDNFOS) transcripts and encoded peptides. In particular embodiments, provided herein are three GDNFOS antisense transcripts, referred to as GDNFOS-1, GDNFOS-2 and GDNFOS-3. The GDNFOS-3 transcript encodes an ORF of 105 amino acids. Compositions comprising the GDNFOS transcripts and peptides are also provided by the present disclosure. Further provided are methods of treating a neurodegenerative or peripheral organ disease in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed GDNFOS nucleic acid molecules, peptides or compositions.

Abstract: Described herein is an isolated polypeptide which is capable of specifically targeting apoptotic cells undergoing apoptosis and consists of the sequence (I): Cys-X1-Val-Ala-Pro-X2 (I), wherein X1 is an amino acid with polar uncharged side chain and X2 is an amino acid with positive charged side chain. The isolated polypeptide of the present invention may be useful for detecting apoptotic cells, as well as detecting and imaging apoptotic cells in tumor tissue, apoptotic myocardial cells in myocardial infarction tissue, apoptotic nerve cells in stroke tissue, and arteriosclerosis site; the polypeptide is useful for targeted drug delivery thereto.

Abstract: GUCY2C receptor ligands conjugated to diagnostic and/or therapeutic moieties, methods of making such GUCY2C receptor ligands conjugates, and methods of using such GUCY2C receptor ligands conjugates, such as in the diagnosis and/or treatment of Parkinson's disease, are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of deriving an induced neural stem cell (iNCS) by nuclear reprogramming of a somatic cell, wherein the method comprises a step of contacting the somatic cell with Oct4 protein or a functionally equivalent analogue, variant or fragment thereof for a limited time period, as well as an induced neural stem cell obtained by this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for modulating the activity of one or more neurotrophins, such as neural growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), in an animal and methods for treatment of a disease or disorder in an individual by modulation of neurotrophin activity. The modulation is carried out by interfering with binding between a neurotrophin and a receptor of the Vps10p-domain receptor family or modulating the expression of a receptor of the Vps10p-domain receptor family. Methods for screening for agents capable of modulating neurotrophin activity and agents selected using these screening methods are also disclosed, as are methods for determining the effect of an agent on one or more neurotrophins in cells. The present invention also pertains to methods for modulating the transport of one or more neurotrophins.

Abstract: Fusion proteins that contain the fusion of (i) a peptide of less than 100 amino acids comprising a first amino acid sequence comprising AASSG (SEQ ID NO: 1) and a second amino acid sequence comprising XAGXDXXTEXPXS (SEQ ID NO: 2), wherein X designates any amino acid, and (ii) a protein transduction domain (PTD) are provided, along with pharmaceutical compositions containing the fusion protein. The proteins can be used to treat Huntington's disease.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises insulin, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In another embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises clioquinol, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a pharmaceutical composition for intranasal administration comprises insulin, clioquinol, dimethyl sulfoxide and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be used to treat or prevent a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and/or traumatic brain injuries and the like, in addition to other systemic and local diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD) by administration of activated-potentiate form of antibodies to brain-specific protein S-100 and activated-potentiate form of antibodies to endothelial NO synthase.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the identification of synaptic vessel glycoprotein SV2 as the BoNT/A receptor and the further identification of various BoNT/A-binding fragments of SV2. The disclosure here provides new tools for diagnosing and treating botulism.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated, compound of Formula (1) or derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also includes all isomeric and tautomeric forms of the compound of Formula (1) or the derivatives thereof. The present invention further relates to processes for the production of the compound of Formula (1) by fermentation of the fungal strain of Actinomycetes (PM0895172/MTCC 684), pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound of Formula (1) as the active ingredient; and use of the compounds or composition containing them in the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods relating to bioactive peptide analogs of PEDF.