Abstract: Novel substituted 2,3-diphenyl-1,2-dihydroquinoxalines are useful for promoting growth and improving feed conversion efficiencies in meat-producing animals. In addition, the novel compounds are useful for controlling coccidiosis in poultry.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in vivo hydrolyzable esters, in whichone of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen,the other of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes an unsubstituted or substituted five-membered hetero-aromatic ring bonded through a carbon atom thereof and having one hetero-atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur and additionally having from one to three nitrogen atoms, andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen or an organic group,are novel compounds with .beta.-lactamase inhibitory and antibacterial properties.

Abstract: 6-(1-Carbamoyl-1-hydroxymethyl)penicillanic acid derivatives are useful as antibacterials and/or beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Abstract: .beta.-Lactam derivatives and analogs are found to be potent elastase inhibitors and thereby useful anti-inflammatory/antidegenerative agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the --CONHR.sup.1 group being present at the 3- or 4-position on the phenyl ring, and esters thereof at the 2-carboxyl group and/or at the 8-hydroxy group, have antibacterial and/or .beta.-lactamase inhibiting activity.

Abstract: 2-Heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl substituted by hydroxy or protected hydroxy, R.sub.2 represents carboxy or functionally modified carboxy, R.sub.3 represents an unsaturated monocyclic azaheterocyclyl radical bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -A- and A represents a lower alkylene radical, optical isomers of compounds of the formula (I), mixtures of these optical isomers and salts of such compounds of the formula (I) that contain a salt-forming group have antibiotic properties. The novel compounds can be used, for example, in the form of antibiotically active preparations for the treatment of infectious diseases. The novel compounds can be manufactured in a manner known per se.

Abstract: Antibacterial penicillins of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R.sup.1 is a heterocyclic group and R is hydrogen, the residue of certian carboxy protecting groups or the residue of an ester group readily hydrolyzable in vivo having activity against resistant organisms.

Abstract: (5R) (Z)-6-(1-methyl,1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-methylene)-penem-3-carboxylic acid and its salts are provided in analytically pure crystalline form, and the salts in hydrated form, for example (5R) sodium (Z)-6-(1-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-methylene)penem-3-carboxylate monohydrate.

Abstract: Certain 2-azacycloalkylthio-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds are useful as antibacterials for treating mammals and have the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R is ##STR2## A is alkylene having 2-4 carbon atoms, alkylene having 2-4 carbon atoms wherein a carbon atom has an oxo substituent or alkylene having 2-4 carbon atoms wherein a methylene is replaced by oxygen, S(O).sub.m, or N--R.sub.3 ;B is carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, methylene or imine;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or forms an ester group which is hydroyzed in vivo;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, N-alkylaminocarbonyl, N-alkylaminosulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl having 2-5 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl, alkyl, or alkyl substituted by aminocarbonyl, alkyl--S(O).sub.m --, hydroxyl, amino, alkylcarbonylamino, formamido or alkylsulfonylamino, wherein each alkyl has 1-4 carbon atoms;R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide and esters thereof readily hydrolyzable in vivo, which comprises oxidation of a 6,6-dihalopenicillanic acid, or an ester thereof readily hydrolyzable in vivo, to the corresponding 6,6-dihalopenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide or ester thereof, followed by dehalogenation (e.g. by hydrogenolysis). The 6,6-dihalopenicillanic acid 1,1-dioxides and esters thereof readily hydrolyzable in vivo are novel intermediates. Penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxide, and esters thereof readily hydrolyzable in vivo, are known compounds which are useful as beta-lactamase inhibitors and for enhancing the effectiveness of certain beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. the penicillins) in the treatement of bacterial infections in mammals, particularly humans.

Abstract: There is disclosed the compound (5R,6S,8R)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(3R-pyrrolidin-2-one-3-yl)thiopenem-3-carb oxylic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters as well as compositions containing them and methods for their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to (5R,6S)-2-aminomethyl-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid in crystalline form and a process for the manufacture thereof. The substance is suitable for treating infectious diseases.

Abstract: Described is a novel process for the preparation of penams and penems useful as antibacterial agents, which comprises the reaction of an appropriate f-substituted-azetidin-2-one with a base, followed by reaction of the thereby formed penam compound with an oxidating agent and an organic or inorganic base.Also described are novel pemam compounds useful as antibacterials which are prepared by the described process.

Abstract: Disclosed are 6-substituted-2-carbamimidoyl-pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acids (I) having the representative structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are, inter alia, independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyl, halo, OH, COOH, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl; A is a direct, single bond connecting the indicated S and C atoms, or A is a cyclic or acyclic connecting group selected, inter alia, from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which define the carbamimidoyl function, are, inter alia, independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl; additionally, said carbamimidoyl is characterized by cyclic structures achieved by the joinder of the two nitrogen atoms via their substituents and by their joinder to connecting group A; additionally, "carbamimidiums" are disclosed by quarternization of one of the nitrogen atoms of said carbamimidoyl.

Abstract: Disclosed are 6-(1'hydroxyethyl)-2-(azacycloalkyl)penem-3-carboxylic acids and salts or metabolizable esters thereof having an absolute stereochemistry of 5R,6S,8R. The compounds are useful and potent antibacterial agents and can be formulated into a variety of forms suitable for oral, parenteral or topical use.

Abstract: Novel .beta.-lactam compounds classified into penem compounds, a process for preparing the same and use of such .beta.-lactam compounds are disclosed. These .beta.-lactam compounds exhibit excellent antimicrobial activities useful as pharmaceuticals or they are important intermediates for the synthesis of compounds having antimicrobial activities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain penem derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl esterifying group, R.sup.1 represents certain unsubstituted and substituted aromatic and heterocyclic groups, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl group.The compound of formula I and salts thereof may be used in the treatment of bacterial infections in man and other animals.

Abstract: Acylcarnitine used as a nasal, buccal, sublingual and vaginal drug absorption enhancing vehicle for poorly absorbed drugs.

Abstract: Antibacterial compounds of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 ' is alkyl or hydroxyalkyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a carboxy protecting group; andY' is a group-S-heterocyclic or pyridyl, which group may be substituted, and pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.

Abstract: Choline ester salts are used as drug absorption enhancing agents for orally and rectally administered drugs.

Abstract: A compound of formula I or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof ##STR1## wherein X represents sulphur or methylene, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, amino or an acylated or carbamylated amino group, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group and R.sub.3 represents an alkoxy group.

Abstract: There are provided compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group optionally substituted from halogen atom or hydroxy group optionally protected, and Q.sup.(+) represents a group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each either: (i) optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or aryl radical or(ii) R.sub.1 is as defined above under (i) and R.sub.2, R.sub.3, taken together, represent an optionally substituted or fused heterocyclic radical or(iii) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, taken together, represent an optionally substituted azonia-bicyclo or tricyclo radical or(iv) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, taken together, represent an optionally substituted fused pyridinium radical or(v) R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, taken together, represent an optionally substituted pyrazimium, pyrazolium or pyridazinium radical, and the pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof.A method of preparation is also provided.The compounds show high antibacterial activity.

Abstract: .beta.-Lactam derivatives and analogs are found to be potent elastase inhibitors and thereby useful anti-inflammatory/antidegenerative agents.

Abstract: Tetrazolyl derivatives of .beta.-lactams are found to be potent elastase inhibitors and thereby useful anti-inflammatory/antidegenerative agents.

Abstract: Choline esters are used as drug absorption enhancing agents for drugs which are poorly absorbed from the nasal, oral, and vaginal cavities.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.a represents an organic radical bonded by a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom, a free, etherified or esterified hydroxy or mercapto group or a halogen atom, R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an organic radical bonded by a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom, or an etherified mercapto group, and R.sub.2 represents a hydroxy group or an R.sub.2.sup.A radical that together with the carbonyl grouping --C(.dbd.O)-- forms a protected carboxyl group, and to salts of such compounds with salt-forming groups, processes for the manufacture of such compounds, pharmaceutical preparations containing compounds of the formula I with pharmacological properties, and their use. The compounds have antibiotic activity.

Abstract: Penem-derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or a carboxyl esterifying groupR.sup.1 is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, pyridyl, quinolyl or isoquinolyl any of which is optionally substituted by one, two or three substituents of the group halogen, cycloalkyl, --NH.sub.2, --CONH.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, --CN, --R.sup.2, --OR.sup.2, --SR.sup.2, --SO--R.sup.2, --SO.sub.2 R.sup.2, --CO--R.sup.2, --CO--O--R.sup.2, --CH.sub.2 --CO--O--R.sup.2, --NHR.sup.2, --NR.sup.2 R.sup.2', --CO--NH--R.sup.2, --CO--NR.sup.2 R.sup.2', --NH--CO--R.sup.2, --NH--CO--NH--R.sub.2, --NH--CO--NH--R.sup.2, --NH--SO.sub.2 --R.sup.2, --CF.sub.3, --CO--OH, --CO.sub.2 --CO--OH wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.2' are the same or different and each represents alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atomsor a salts thereof, process for the manufacture thereof and antibacterial pharmaceutical preparations containing them.

Abstract: 6-substituted-hydrocarbon-2-(substituted-thio)penem-3-carboxylic acids and cogeners having useful antibacterial activity are disclosed. The compounds are prepared in a reaction sequence starting with a 4-acyloxy-2-azetidinone.

Abstract: 6-(1-Acyl-1-hydroxymethyl)penicillanic acid derivatives are useful as antibacterials and/or beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Abstract: Disclosed are 6- and 6,6-disubstituted-2-substituted thio-pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acids of the following structure: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from: hydrogen; substituted and unsubstituted: alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, alkoxyl, alkenyl, aralkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclylalkyl; W is an electron withdrawing group, and, for example, is selected from: --COR.sup.5, --CN, SO.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 ; R.sup.5 is hydrogen; substituted and unsubstituted: alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or R.sup.5 may be --OR.sup.6, --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, and --SR.sup.9 ; wherein R.sup.6 is H; substituted and unsubstituted: alkyl, alkenyl, or a group which defines --CO.sub.2 R.sup.6 as a pharmaceutically acceptable ester wherein R.sup.6 is, for example, phthalidyl, or 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-ylmethyl; R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides a penicillin derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.3-9 acyloxyalkyl, C.sub.8-13 benzyloxyalkyl, C.sub.2-7 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2-7 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.3-8 alkenyloxycarbonyl, C.sub.3-8 alkynyloxycarbonyl, phenyl, amino, cyano, formyl, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.2-6 acyl, carbamoyl, C.sub.2-7 alkylcarbamoyl, benzyloxycarbonylamino, C.sub.2-7 alkoxycarbonylamino; and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, a group for forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a penicillin carboxyl protecting group, with the proviso that both of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen or C.sub.2-7 alkoxycarbonyl at the same time and that when one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, the other is not C.sub.2-7 alkoxycarbonyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, process for preparing the derivative, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative.

Abstract: Described is a novel process for the preparation of penams and penems useful as antibacterial agents, which comprises the reaction of an appropriate 4-substituted-azetidin-2-one with a base, followed by reaction of the thereby formed penam compound with an oxidating agent and a organic or inorganic base.Also described are novel penam compounds useful as antibacterials which are prepared by the described process.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl substituted by hydroxy or by protected hydroxy,R.sub.2 represents carboxy or functionally modified carboxy, andR.sub.3 represents amino, lower alkyl-substituted amino, substituted methyleneamino or protected amino,optical isomers of compounds of the formula I, mixtures of these optical isomers, and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group have antibiotic activity. The compounds of the formula I are manufactured according to processes that are known per se.

Abstract: Certain 2-alkylthio-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds are useful as antibacterials for treating mammals.

Abstract: There are disclosed 2(N-heterocyclyl) penems and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and their use as anti-bacterials.

Abstract: 2-heterocyclythio-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 represents an optionally protected hydroxy group, R.sub.3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy R.sub.3 ', R.sub.4 represents an unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclyl radical that is bonded via a ring carbon atom to the sulphur atom, and m is 2, 3 or 4, and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers, possess antibiotic properties. The compounds are manufactured according to processes known per se.

Abstract: Certain 2-dioxacycloalkylthio-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid compounds are useful as antibacterials for treating mammals and have the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R is ##STR2## A is carbonyl, methylene or thiocarbonyl; B is alkylene having 2-5 carbon atoms;alk is alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms;R.sub.1 is hydrogen or a group which results in an ester which is hydrolyzable in vivo; andn is zero or one.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alpha-hydroxyalkyl group;R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group;R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and n is 1 or 2) and their salts and esters have valuable antibiotic activity and can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new pharmaceutical form for oral use in the nature of delayed action and controlled absorption medicaments.This form comprises an association of miniaturized granules obtained by high to very high compression: (a) with pH control agents, (b) coated with excipients determining the slow penetration of digestive and/or (c) coated with a very thin layer of lipids. These miniaturized granules may contain glucose, nay have pH control agents with different solubilities, and may be in the form of miniaturized granules with a pH gradient.

Abstract: A novel stereocontrolled process is disclosed for converting 6-aminopenicillanic acid to an optically active azetidinone of the formula ##STR1## wherein R" is a hydroxy-protecting group by use of a 6,6-dihaloanhydropenicillin or 6,6-bis(phenylselenyl)anhydropenicillin intermediate.

Abstract: This invention relates to penicillanic acid derviatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which X stands for chlorine, bromine or iodine, to pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts of the compounds of formula I, to pharmaceutically acceptable, easily hydrolyzable esters thereof, including salts of such esters, to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the invention and dosage units thereof, to methods for the preparation of the compounds of the invention, and to methods of using the said new compounds in the human and veterinary therapy.The 6.beta.-halopenicillanic acids of formula I are potent inhibitors of .beta.-lactamases from a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, making the 6.beta.-halopenicillanic acids as well as their salts and easily hydrolyzable esters valuable in human and veterinary medicine.

Abstract: 6-alpha/beta-[(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)Alkoxyaminomethyl and benzyloxyaminomethyl]penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxides, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and conventional esters thereof hydrolyzable under physiological conditions, all of which are useful in medicine as beta-lactamase inhibitors; intermediates and processes therefor; and a process for the conversion of the present compounds to 6-alpha- and 6-beta-(aminomethyl)penicillanic acid 1,1-dioxides and derivatives.

Abstract: There is disclosed 2-(arylalkyl-heterocyclylalkylthio)penems having long serum half-lives and their uses as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A new process is described for the preparation of (5R)-penem derivatives of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a carboxy protecting group and Y represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or an organic group. A 2-thiacephem derivative of the general formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and Y have the meanings/given above is oxidized by means of organic peracids to the corresponding sulphone of the general formula III: ##STR3## which is subsequently submitted to a desulphurative ring contraction by extrusion of SO.sub.2 to give exclusively the desired (5R)-penem derivatives of the general formula I.

Abstract: A penicillin derivative represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or trialkylsilyl; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, trialkylsilyl or COOR.sub.2 ' wherein R.sub.2 ' is hydrogen, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, C.sub.2-7 alkoxymethyl, C.sub.3-8 alkylcarbonyloxymethyl, C.sub.4-9 alkylcarbonyloxyethyl, (C.sub.5-7 cycloalkyl)carbonyloxymethyl, C.sub.9-14 benzylcarbonyloxyalkyl, C.sub.3-8 alkoxycarbonylmethyl, C.sub.4-9 alkoxycarbonylethyl, phthalidyl, crotonolacton-4-yl, .gamma.-butyrolacton-4-yl, halogenated C.sub.1-6 alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy- or nitro-substituted or unsubstituted benzyl, benzhydryl, tetrahydropyranyl, dimethylaminoethyl, dimethylchlorosilyl, trichlorosilyl, (5-substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl or phenyl or unsubstituted-2-oxo-1,3-dioxoden-4-yl)methyl, C.sub.8-13 benzoyloxyalkyl or group for forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt; and R.sub.3 has the same meaning as above R.sub.2 '.

Abstract: Eucalyptol is used to enhance skin permeation of bio-affecting agents.

Abstract: There is disclosed 2-(hydrazonoalkylthio)penems and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters and their use as antibacterials.

Abstract: There are disclosed .beta.-lactam-containing compounds of the formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, trichloroethyl, acetonyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzidryl or a residue that will undergo metabolic activation "in vivo" and have favorable pharmacokinetic properties; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or hydroxyalkyl, with the alcoholic function of the hydroxyalkyl being free or protected; Z is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, amino, carbamoyloxy, mercapto, pyridinium, OR.sup.2, OCOR.sup.2, NHCOR.sup.2, or SR.sup.3 wherein each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is any of lower alkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic ring, each of which may be substituted or unsubstituted, and n is 0 or 1. The compounds have broad spectrum antibacterial activity and .beta.-lactamase inhibiting activity. Processes for the production of the .beta.-lactam-containing compounds and various intermediates in the production of those compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of high purity penicillanic acid-1,1-dioxide comprising subjecting 6,6-dibromo-penicillanic acid-1,1-dioxide to dehalogenation with magnesium in association with an acid in high yields.

Abstract: Acylcarnitines used as drug absorption enhancing agents for orally and rectally administered drugs.