Abstract: The invention involves the formation of a prodrug from a fatty acid carrier and a neuroactive drug. The prodrug is stable in the environment of both the stomach and the bloodstream and may be delivered by ingestion. The prodrug passes readily through the blood brain barrier. Once in the central nervous system, the prodrug is hydrolyzed into the fatty acid carrier and the drug to release the drug.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating or preventing rosacea, comprising topical administration, of a pharmaceutical preparation comprising a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a taste masked liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically active agent and a taste masking composition. In particular, the taste masking composition comprises a taste masking effective amount of an artificial sweetener.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel method of reducing microbial infections, especially bacterial infections, of animals, especially of aquatic animals such as fish maintained in tanks or aquaria. The present invention provides bathing and dipping methods for reducing a microbial infection of an animal with an antibiotic solution of enhanced antimicrobial activity comprising at least one chelating agent and at least one antibiotic effective against the microbial infection. The present invention also provides a method for reducing a microbial infection of an animal comprising bathing or dipping an animal having a microbial infection in an antimicrobial solution comprising the chelating agent EDTA, and at least one antibiotic, and optionally a pH buffering agent. The immersion of the aquatic animal in the antimicrobial solution containing the EDTA, antibiotic and pH buffering agent may be repeated until the microbial burden of the animal is eliminated.

Abstract: Provided is, among other things, a method of treating in an animal infection or neoplasm of cerebrospinal tissue characterized by a risk of death, the method comprising: (a) injecting a physiologically acceptable fluid for cerebrospinal perfusion into a first catheter into the cerebrospinal pathway, which fluid for cerebrospinal perfusion has an therapeutically effective amount an agent, the agent selected for effectiveness against the infection as identified or diagnosed; (b) withdrawing fluid at a second catheter into the cerebrospinal pathway to create a flow and flow pathway between the first and second catheters; and (c) maintaining the flow for a period of time adapted to perfuse at least 1 CSF volume.

Abstract: A solid mixture or aqueous solution of amoxicillin antibacterial agent with a material that aids in its dissolution in water to render it ingestive and palatable.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for promoting neural cell growth and/or regeneration. The general methods involve contacting with an activator of a cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase a neural cell subject to growth repulsion mediated by a neural cell growth repulsion factor. The activator may comprise a direct or an indirect activator of the protein kinase; the repulsion factor typically comprises one or more natural, endogenous proteins mediating localized repulsion or inhibition of neural cell growth; and the target cells are generally vertebrate neurons, typically injured mammalian neurons. The subject compositions include mixtures comprising a neural cell, an activator of a cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and a neural cell growth repulsion factor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for preventing or treating inflammatory bowel disease by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a composition comprising between about 60% to 90% iduronylglycosaminoglycan sulfate and between about 10% to 40% dermatan sulfate, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, or clathrate thereof. In a particular embodiment, a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a composition comprising sulodexide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, or clathrate thereof is administered. The composition to be administered may also comprise one or more additional active ingredients selected from the group consisting of steroids, aminosalicylates, short-chain fatty acids, thioguanine derivatives, antibiotics, biological agents, antidepressants, and pain-relievers.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula and the salts, esters and amides thereof wherein Z is S, SO, SO2 or O; each of R1, R2 and R3 is independently H or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (1-10C), substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl (2-11C), substituted or unsubstituted aryl (6-14C), substituted or unsubstituted arylcarbonyl (7-15C), substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl (7-15C), substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl wherein substituents on any alkyl, alkenyl, or acyl moiety are selected from the group consisting of halo, and RO, wherein R is H or alkyl (1-6C), and substituents on any aryl or pyridyl moiety are selected from the group consisting of halo, and RO, where R is H or alkyl (1-6C), —CN and —CF3; with the proviso that R1 is not H and R1 and R3 are not identical and with the proviso that in formula (1), the B ring may contain one double bond that is located between positions 2 and 3, and in formula (2), the B ring may contain one double bond tha

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the treatment and/or prevention of recurrence of a gastrointestinal disorder associated with Helicobacter pylori in a patient requiring said treatment and/or prevention, which comprise administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a first antibiotic which is an ansamycin and a therapeutically effective amount of at least a second antibiotic or antimicrobial agent. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions for use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Disclose herein is a novel recombinant mutant protein of human Group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2) which has enhanced antibacterial activity when compared to the wild-type human Group IIA PLA2, pharmaceutical formulations comprising the protein and methods of use thereof. Additionally, the formulations may comprise other bioactive compounds, such as, e.g., conventional antibiotics, that act additively or synergistically with Group IIA PLA2 in order to promote bacterial killing.

Abstract: Bacterial infections may be treated using a high dosage regimen of amoxycillin and potassium clavulanate.

Abstract: Synthetic polymer compositions contain antibiotics as antidegradants. Antibiotics from classes of glycopeptides and &bgr;-lactams have been found to prevent or inhibit synthetic polymer degradation.

Abstract: The broadest aspect of the invention is a composition and method of treatment of fungal pathologies of the oral cavity or fungal growth on the surface of dentures. A preferred embodiment of the is a pharmacologically effective amount of a peptide selected from the group of peptides with a C-terminal sequence consisting of KPV, HFRWGKPV, and SYSMEHFRWGKPV in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a fungicide selected from the group consisting of: itraconazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and fluconazole. Another embodiment of the invention is a method for treating fungal pathologies of the of oral cavity and dentures by application of a pharmacologically effective amount of a peptide selected from the group of peptides with a C-terminal sequence consisting of KPV, HFRWGKPV, and SYSMEHFRWGKPV in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a fungicide selected from the group consisting of: itraconazole, econazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and fluconazole.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compositions and methodologies for the utilization of probiotic organisms in therapeutic compositions. More specifically, the present invention relates to the utilization of one or more species or strains of lactic acid-producing bacteria, preferably strains of Bacillus coagulans, for the control of gastrointestinal tract pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant gastrointestinal tract pathogens, and their associated diseases by both a reduction in the rate of colonization and the severity of the deleterious physiological effects of the colonization of the antibiotic-resistant pathogen. In addition, the present invention relates to the utilization of therapeutic compounds comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria and anti-microbial agents such as antibiotics, anti-fungal compounds, anti-yeast compounds, or anti-viral compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safe antibacterial composition for topical administration which stably contains a penem antibiotic having a broad-spectrum and potent antibacterial activity while otherwise being chemically susceptible to hydrolysis, oxidation, photoisomerization or the like. The compositions of the present invention comprise an antibacterial composition for topical administration comprising a penem antibiotic or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a non-aqueous base.

Abstract: Formulations are provided herein which allow for a once daily dosing regimen for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of secondary metabolites by fungi. More particularly, the invention relates to improvement of production of commercially important secondary metabolites by fungi. The invention provides methods for improving secondary metabolite production in a fungus, comprising modulating the expression of a gene involved in regulation of secondary metabolite production.

Abstract: Infections potentially caused by DRSP may be treated by a method which comprises administering a pharmaceutical formulation comprising either: for an adult or older child patient from 800 to 1100 mg amoxycillin and from 100 to 150 mg clavulanate in a weight ratio between 6:1 and 10:1 inclusive; or for a paediatric patient from 30 to 40 mg/kg body weight of amoxycillin and from 3 to 8 mg/kg body weight of clavulanate in a weight ratio between 6:1 and 10:1 inclusive; in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, three times a day(tid).

Abstract: Compound of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and n have any of the values defined in the specification, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are useful for inhibiting &bgr;-lactamase enzymes, for enhancing the activity of &bgr;-lactam antibiotics, and for treating &bgr;-lactam resistant bacterial infections in a mammal. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions, processes for preparing compounds of formula I, and novel intermediates useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a mammal for hearing impairments involving neuronal damage, loss, or degeneration, preferably of spinal ganglion neurons, by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist, particularly a neurotrophin, more preferably NT-4/5. Also provided are improved compositions and methods for treatments requiring administration of a pharmaceutical having an ototoxic side-effect, wherein the improvement includes administering a therapeutically effective amount of a trkB or trkC agonist to treat the ototoxicity.

Abstract: Novel neuroprotectant methods are described. &bgr;-Lactamase inhibitors are used to prevent or reduce loss of neuronal cells and neuronal cell function in patients afflicted with or susceptible to disease states or conditions known to result in or cause neuronal tissue insult.

Abstract: Paediatric aqueous liquid suspension formulations comprising amoxycillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate in a ratio of from 6:1 to 8:1 are provided for use in a BID dosage regimen for treating bacterial infection.

Abstract: Methods for treating vascular conditions associated with localized imbalance in vascular tone, which are hypothesized to be largely due to elevated endothelin (ET) are provided. The methods involve administration of nitric oxide (NO), agents which are able to provide NO, such as NO donors, agents which activate guanyl cyclase, such as YC-1, or agents which prolong the actions of endogenous NO or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; a 2nd messenger molecule), such as phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. According to the invention, such agents are administered in minimal doses or microdoses by any route known in the art, so as to provide dosages which are about one half to about one twentieth (½ to {fraction (1/20)}) of those known to induce vasodilation in “normal” circulations.

Abstract: Acid-labile active compounds are prepared in suppository form, particularly for rectal administration.

Abstract: A tablet formulation which comprises a core containing a pharmaceutically active material, coated with a release retarding coating, surrounded by a casing layer which includes a second pharmaceutically active material.

Abstract: The present invention is related to methods and compositions for susceptibility testing of bacteria containing mycolic acid structures using betaine-like detergents, and inducing the susceptibility of such bacteria using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of identifying an agent useful in treating Crohn's disease. This method is practiced by culturing P. fluorescens under conditions that support growth; contacting the P. fluorescens with an agent; and assaying for reduced growth or viability of the P. fluorescens as compared to the growth or viability in the absence of the agent, where the reduced growth or viability of the P. fluorescens indicates that the agent is an anti-P. fluorescens agent useful in treating Crohn's disease. Also provided by the invention is a method of preventing or treating Crohn's disease in an individual by administering to the individual an effective dose of an anti-Pseudomonas vaccine.

Abstract: Syrup formulations comprising water and compacted granulates which are mixture of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid, together with an intra-granular disintegrant.

Abstract: A method of treating a specific site in a mammal with a drug comprises (a) providing a carrier material which reflects or absorbs or emits electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations enabling the monitoring of the carrier material, (b) providing a drug associated with the carrier material, (c) providing a targeting agent associated with the carrier material, the targeting agent being capable of binding to the specific site in the mammal, (d) delivering the carrier material and the drug to the specific site in the mammal, and (e) monitoring the mammal to detect arrival of the carrier material at the specific site.

Abstract: Catechol derivatives of general formula (I) in which R1 denotes O-acyl and R2 represents amino acid residues in the 3- and/or 4-position function as siderophores and/or as biological chelating agents for iron in gram-negative bacteria. Conjugates with antibiotics improve penetration into bacterial cells, thereby increasing antibacterial efficacy of the cells.

Abstract: This application relates to a stable pharmaceutical composition and methods for the cleansing of skin to facilitate the prevention, treatment, and management of skin conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, folliculitis, rosacea, perioral dermatitis, acne, impetigo and other inflammatory skin conditions, and the like, including a sufficient amount of an acidic component of a hydroxyacid or tannic acid, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to exfoliate a portion of the skin, a sufficient amount of stabilized hydrogen peroxide to facilitate cleansing of the skin without substantial irritation thereof, and an antimicrobial agent including at least one of an antibacterial agent, antimicrobial agent, antiviral agent, anthelmintic, or a combination thereof, in an amount sufficient to inhibit or reduce microorganisms on the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a safe antibacterial composition for topical administration which stably contains a penem antibiotic having a broad-spectrum and potent antibacterial activity while otherwise being chemically susceptible to hydrolysis, oxidation, photoisomerization or the like. The compositions of the present invention comprise an antibacterial composition for topical administration comprising a penem antibiotic or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a non-aqueous base.

Abstract: A stable fixed dose oral pharmaceutical formulation is provided. The formulation contains at least one anti-infective agent and at least one susceptible microorganism as active ingredients. At least one of the active ingredients is coated to provide a protective barrier around the active ingredient, the active ingredients being contained in a single pharmaceutical formulation. The formulation may be a tablet, a capsule, or a powder which may be made into a stable liquid. The protective barrier protectis the susceptible micro-organism from the effect of the anti-infective agent to maintain the susceptible micro-organism in a viable form for a period of at least three months. The anti-infective agent can be an antibiotic such as an amoxycillin and the microorganism can be Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Abstract: A method of treating an individual exhibiting at least one symptom of a mental disorder is provided which comprises administering to the individual an antimicrobial composition in an amount effective to inhibit or eliminate the at least one symptom of the disorder. This invention also pertains to a method of treating an individual exhibiting at least one symptom of a mental disorder by administering a probiotic mixture to replenish gastrointestinal microbes.

Abstract: An antibiotic product for delivering at least two different antibiotics that is comprised of three dosage forms with different release profiles with each antibiotic being present in at least one of the dosage forms.

Abstract: A novel rapid-melt, semi-solid molded composition, including methods of making the same, and methods of using the same for the delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic active materials to a mammal wherein the prophylactic or therapeutic active is a psychotropic, a gastrointestinal therapeutic or a migraine therapeutic.

Abstract: Bacterial infections may be treated using a high dosage regimen of amoxycillin. Preferably, the dosage is provided by a bilayer tablet.

Abstract: The antibiotic TKR2999 having the physicochemical properties described below and its pharmacologically acceptable salt: (1) FAB-MS m/z 971 [M+H)]+, (2) the molecular formula: C44H78N10O14, and high-resolution FAB-MS m/z 971.5776 [M+H]+, (3) the ultraviolet absorption spectrum in methanol has an end absorption, (4) the infrared absorption spectrum by KBr method shows the major absorption wave numbers at 3320, 2920, 1680, 1540, 1210, 1140, 840, 800, and 720 cm−1, (5) aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, alanine, &bgr;-alanine, and ornithine are detected by the amino acid analysis using ninhydrin reaction, and (6) the solubility is that it is soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in hexane, chloroform, and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing liquid pharmaceutical formulations on demand from tablets and capsules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for stimulating the growth of neurites in nerve cells. The compositions comprise a neurotrophic amount of a compound which binds to the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) and a neurotrophic factor, such as nerve growth factor NGF. The methods comprise treating nerve cells with the above-described compositions or compositions comprising the FKBP binding compound without a neurotrophic factor. The methods of this invention can be used to promote repair of neuronal damage caused by disease or physical trauma.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical dosage form such as a capsule capable of delivering therapeutic agents into the body in a time-controlled or position-controlled pulsatile release fashion, is composed of a multitude of multicoated particulates (beads, pellets, granules, etc.) made of one or more populations of beads. Each of these beads except an immediate release bead has at least two coated membrane barriers. One of the membrane barriers is composed of an enteric polymer while the second membrane barrier is composed of a mixture of water insoluble polymer and an enteric polymer. The composition and the thickness of the polymeric membrane barriers determine the lag time and duration of drug release from each of the bead populations. Optionally, an organic acid containing intermediate membrane may be applied for further modifying the lag time and/or the duration of drug release.

Abstract: The present invention includes a formulation which comprises an antibacterial substance and an antiulcer substance, wherein at least either of them is formulated into a gastrointestinal mucosa-adherent solid preparation. The formulation of the present invention shows long retention time in the gastrointestinal tract because of adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract mucosa, synergetically enhances the pharmaceutical effects of an antibacterial substance, specially antibiotic against Helicobacter pylori (HP) and an antiulcer substance, with very low doses of active ingredients, particularly the anti-HP antibiotic with low prevalence of side effects. The present agent is useful as an antiulcer agent, showing potent anti-HP activity.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical formulations comprising amoxycillin and clavulanate in a ratio of from 10:1 to 20:1 are of use in the emperic treatment of infections potentially caused by DRSP.

Abstract: A solid mixture or aqueous solution of amoxicillin antibacterial agent with a material that aids in its dissolution in water to render it ingestive and palatable.

Abstract: A novel screening system for detecting a non-antibiotic compound having &bgr;-lactam-sensitivity-inducing activity comprising a non-antibiotic compound and a &bgr;-lactam antibiotic two times serially diluted series and a pharmaceutical composition having anti-MRSA activity comprising a flavone derivative and a &bgr;-lactam antibiotic.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the preparation of aqueous formulations containing azithromycin for ophthalmic use, as well any formulations obtained by this process and their topical use in the ocular bacterial infections, more preferably in the treatment of conjunctivitis, keratitis and blepharitis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to penem antibacterial agents in which the releaseable liphophilic aromatic side-chain, tethered to the carbapenem nucleus via a methylene linker, necessary for anti-MRSA activity replaces the non-releaseable liphophilic side-chains found in 2-aryl and 2-benzothiazolylthio carbapenem compounds. The compound is further substituted with various substituent groups including at least one cationic group. The compounds are represented by formula I: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are also included.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for promoting neural cell growth and/or regeneration. The general methods involve contacting with an activator of a cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase a neural cell subject to growth repulsion mediated by a neural cell growth repulsion factor. The activator may comprise a direct or an indirect activator of the protein kinase; the repulsion factor typically comprises one or more natural, endogenous proteins mediating localized repulsion or inhibition of neural cell growth; and the target cells are generally vertebrate neurons, typically injured mammalian neurons. The subject compositions include mixtures comprising a neural cell, an activator of a cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and a neural cell growth repulsion factor.

Abstract: The invention provides a medicament for topically treating acute bacterial infections in the oral mucosa, and methods of use. The medicament comprises a dry dosage (such as a troche or powder) of one or more antibacterial agents and, preferably, one or more polyvalent metal compounds. The medicament is directly applied to the site of the infection and dissolves in saliva, within about 5 to about 15 minutes, thereby directly delivering a supratherapeutic dosage of the antibacterial agent to the infected oral tissue. Further, in a preferred embodiment the medicament directly delivers a therapeutically high concentration of a polyvalent metal compound in suspension to the infected area, thereby forming a protective barrier over the infected oral tissue.