Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of ameliorating the drawbacks of anti-platelet drug named clopidogrel. The method of the present invention comprises administration of an (S)oxo-clopidogrel or its derivative of the Formula IIA in its free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for alleviating the symptoms of thrombosis or embolism by inhibiting blood platelet aggregation. Compositions for use in such methods are also provided.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to novel fused pyrimidinediones derivatives of formula (I) which are TRPA (Transient Receptor Potential subfamily A) modulators. In particular, compounds described herein are useful for treating or preventing diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by TRPA1 (Transient Receptor Potential subfamily A, member 1). This invention also provides processes for preparing compounds described herein, intermediates used in their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for treating or preventing diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by TRPA1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating inflammation-associated tissue damage, and particularly transfusion-associated, disorders, by inhibiting or reducing E-selectin mediated signal transduction pathways, such as E-selectin mediated activation of ?M?2.

Abstract: Erectile dysfunction is treated with a combination of propionyl L-carnitine in combination with sildenafil, apomorphine prostaglandin El, pentolamine and papaverine.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides for a compound of Formula I in which in Formula I, the variables X1, X2a, X2b, X2c, R1, B, L, E, A and the subscript n are as defined herein. In another aspect, the present invention provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I as well as methods for using compounds of Formula I for the treatment of diseases and conditions (e.g., cancer, thrombocythemia, etc) characterized by the expression or over-expression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins, e.g., of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL proteins.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the use of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase I, IV and V for the prophylaxis and treatment of prostatic diseases, in particular the use of a) 2-(2-propoxy-phenyl)-8-azapurin-6-one (zaprinast); b) dipyridamole; c) 1-(3-chlorophenylamino)-4-phenylphthalazine (M5445); d) 2-(N-(4-carboxypiperidine-6-chloro-4-(3,4-(methylen-dioxy)benzyl)amino)quinazoline (E 4021, ER 21355); e) 2,3-dihydro-8-hydroxy-7-nitro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-methanol, alpha-nitrate (E 4701); f) 4-((3,4-(methylendioxy)benzyl)amino)-6,7,8-trimethoxy-quinazoline; g) 1-methyl-3-propyl-6-(5-(N-(4-methylmorpholino)sulfonyl)-2-ethoxyphenyl)pyrazole[4,5]pyrimidin-4(5H)one (sildenafil); i) 1-cyclopentyl-3-methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)pyrazolo (3,4-d)pyrimidin-4(5H)-one (WIN 58237); j) 7-(3-(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propyl-phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-2-carboxy-2,3-didehydro-chronan-4-one (FPL-557212); k) quinazolines and their trimethoxy derivatives; l) Pyrazolopyrimidones; as well as pharmacologically compatible salts thereof, qui

Abstract: A family of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives (SPPs) with different substituents on the pyrimidine and pyrazolo rings have been characterized with a panel of tests demonstrating their effects in cell proliferation, toxicity, apoptosis and inhibition of virus replication. We have identified compounds and molecular structures suitable for the treatment of viral infection because they have antiviral activity, anti-proliferative activity or, preferably, both so that, as a single molecule, they both limit T cell hyperactivation and inhibit virus replication. These compounds are not toxic at effective concentrations and are poorly apoptotic. Other nontoxic compounds within this family with excellent anti-proliferative and apoptotic features are potentially effective as anti-cancer drugs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and to phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and the pharmacology of sGC stimulators, sGC activators and PDE inhibitors. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of sGC stimulators and sGC activators in combination with PDE5 inhibitors for preparation of medicaments for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MED) in particular for the MED treatment of difficult to treat patients and patients not or not fully responding to PDE5 inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for diagnosing and predicting the risk and cause of transient ischemic attacks (TIA).

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to novel compounds of Formula (I) pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pro-drugs, biologically active metabolites, stereoisomers and isomers thereof wherein the variables are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula (I) are useful as kinase inhibitors and as such would be useful in treating certain conditions and diseases, especially inflammatory conditions and diseases and proliferative disorders and conditions, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis and asthma.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of formula (I)

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 6-cyclylmethyl- and 6-alkylmethyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines, process for their preparation and their use for producing medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. Methods for the preparation of the compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the Btk inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments are related to new uses for selective active-site mTOR inhibitors in treating or preventing pulmonary fibrosis in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) patients, such as a DPLD of environmental cause, a collagen vascular disease (e.g., scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis), an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia), and sarcoidosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel heteroaryl compounds that are linked to an aryl group via an amine linker. Such compounds are useful for the treatment of cancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a 2,5-dihydroxybenzene derivative of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, isomer, or prodrug thereof for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of, inter alia, psoriasis.

Abstract: Compounds that inhibit phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) are useful to treat glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure. The PDE1 inhibitors may be administered as monotherapy or in combination with additional intraocular-pressure lowering agents. In addition, the invention provides ophthalmic compositions comprising PDE 1 inhibitors and optionally one or more additional intraocular pressure-lowering agents. Topical and systemic therapy may be used.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical compounds and nutritional supplements that are acetylated derivatives of naturally occurring amino acids and acetylated derivatives of peptides derived from naturally occurring amino acids containing hydroxyl groups. They are as useful as anti-platelet drugs, and as nutritional supplements.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds that are antagonists of PI3 kinase, PI3 kinase and tyrosine kinase, PI3 kinase and mTOR, or PI33 kinase, mTOR and tyrosine kinase.

Abstract: (2S)-2-[1-(2-Chloro-6-cyano-phenyl)pyrazolo[4,5-e]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxy-3-[(1R)-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethoxy]-N-(5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)propanamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful in the treatment or prevention of a disease or medical condition mediated through glucokinase (GLK or GK), leading to a decreased glucose threshold for insulin secretion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of pyrazolopyrimidine compounds for the production of pharmaceutical compositions for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases which can be influenced by the inhibition of the kinase activity of Mnk1 and/or Mnk2 (Mnk2a or Mnk2b) and/or variants thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel alkyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines, process for their preparation, and the use thereof for producing medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory.

Abstract: Methods for treating CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, psychosis and cognitive disorders using specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p110 delta (PIK3CD) expression and/or activity are described. Methods of determining risk of CNS disorders and methods of determining treatment response are also described. An integrative systems biology approach to identify a signaling mechanism and genetic network associated with schizophrenia and with schizophrenia-associated risk variation in ErbB4. A risk pathway associated with ErbB4 genetic variation involving increased expression of a PI3K-linked ErbB4 receptor CYT-1 and a specific PI3K enzyme, PIK3CD has been identified.

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies have been used to elucidate genes and/or pathways related to diseases; however, this methodology has yet to be used to understand the phenotype of healthy aging and/or healthspan in humans.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating cancer in a subject using a mTOR inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a modulator of a MNK.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula (I), a polymorph, an enantiomer, a stereoisomer, a solvate, an N-oxide derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: Formula (I), which have inhibitory effect on one or more protein kinases that are involved in cell mitosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides heterocyclic compounds for use as kinase inhibitors and in other applications. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatments of diseases and conditions associated with P13 kinase activity.

Abstract: Optionally substituted (5- or 7-amino)-3,4-dihydro-(optionally 4-oxo, 4-thioxo or 4-imino)-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-2(6H)-ones, Compounds of Formula I, processes for their production, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: Provided herein are fused ring heteroaryl compounds useful in a variety of methods, including reducing the activity of certain kinases and treating certain disease states.

Abstract: A method for preventing stroke in a patient suffering from atrial fibrillation, wherein the patient has at least one risk factor for major bleeding events, the method comprising administering to the patient 110 mg b.i.d. of dabigatran etexilate, optionally in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides chemical entities or compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that are capable of modulating signal transduction by certain protein kinases such as mTor, tyrosine kinases, and/or lipid kinases such as PB kinase in an ocular tissue. Also provided in the present invention are methods of using these compositions to modulate activities of one or more of these kinases, especially for therapeutic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinations of DPP-4 inhibitors with GPR119 agonists, as well as to the use of these combinations for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) and conditions related thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel analogs and derivatives of halofuginone. The invention also provides pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions thereof and methods for using halofuginone analogs in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, dry eye syndrome, fibrosis, scar formation, angiogenesis, viral infections, ischemic damage, transplant and implant rejection, neurodegenerative diseases, and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: Described are 6-cyclylmethyl- and 6-alkylmethyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines of the formula (I): as defined herein, processes for their preparation and their use for producing medicaments for treating impairment of perception, concentration, learning and/or memory.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for treating chronic kidney disease and/or a metabolic imbalance. Specifically exemplified herein are methods involving the coadministration of a RAS inhibitor with a conjunctive agent that improves endothelial NO or endothelial function. Also disclosed are methods of treating a patient exhibiting symptoms of a stage of chronic kidney disease and at least one symptom of a metabolic imbalance, such as one or more diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. Methods for the preparation of the compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the Btk inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination comprising a microtubule active agent; and one or more pharmaceutically active agents; pharmaceutical compositions comprising said combination; methods of treatment comprising said combination; processes for making said combination; and a commercial package comprising said combination.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel alkyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines, process for their preparation, and the use thereof for producing medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory with compounds of formula (I):

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds represented by the general formula (I) and the like. In the formula, Ar1 denotes an aryl or heteroaryl group which may have a substituent; R1 denotes a hydrogen atom, or denotes a C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl group which may have a substituent; R2 denotes an aralkyl group or a group represented by the formula (a); and R3 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group. The compounds of the invention have an excellent Weel kinase inhibitory effect, and therefore are useful in the field of medicine, especially in the field of treatment of various cancers.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of preparing lipid compositions by associating pH sensitive compounds which maybe weak acids, bases or amphoteric compounds with at least one ionisable or pH sensitive group and low water solubility into preformed and standardised lipid particles by pH manipulation. Drug association is carried out in situ by changing the pH of the aqueous medium to pH 6-8 wherein the compound spontaneously partitions into the lipid particles. Drug association may also be carried out by exploiting pH changes in the GI tract. The lipophilic compound is solubilised by the lipid particles and may be used as such for in-vitro and pharmacokinetic assessments or processed for oral, parenteral or topical therapy.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a compound capable of reducing the uric acid level in a mammal for the prevention and/or the treatment of IL-1? driven lung pathology, particularly to treat lung inflammation such as chronic fibrosis, COPD and interstitial fibrosis and other IL-1? driven lung pathologies including those of autoimmune origin. Preferred compounds capable of reducing the uric acid level are selected from the group consisting of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as allopurinol, recombinant enzyme uricase and uricosuric compound capable of enhancing uric acid excretion, such as probenecid. The invention further relates to a method for identifying in vitro whether a patient presents an IL-1? driven lung pathology or is at risk to develop an IL-1? driven lung pathology, or for the screening of a compound for treating an IL-1? driven lung pathology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of General Formula (I) below, among others. In the Formula, Ar1 is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; R1 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl group; R2 is an optionally substituted aryl, aralkyl, or heteroaryl group; and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 alkyl group. A compound of the present invention has an excellent Weel kinase inhibiting effect, and is therefore useful in the filed of medicine, particularly in various types of cancer therapy.

Abstract: A crosslinking reaction and a reaction for reducing molecular weight that take place in a hyaluronic acid-methotrexate conjugate upon irradiation with light are suppressed to improve the photostability of the conjugate. Specifically, a substance having a quenching effect and/or a radical scaveng effect is added to a pharmaceutical composition containing the hyaluronic acid-methotrexate conjugate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity associated with 6-mercaptopurine drug treatment of an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease. The method of the invention includes the step of determining the level of one or more 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in the patient having an immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention related to the administration of bioactive agents via oral fast dispersing/dissolving drug delivery systems for treating illnesses of patient with critical buccal condition, leading to difficulties in swallowing oral medicine forms and thus difficulties in treating said illnesses. Particularly, the present invention discloses the administration of bioactive agents via oral fast dispersing/dissolving drug delivery systems for treating illnesses of patient with dysphagia and/or odynophagia and/or aspiration risk. Another aspect of the present invention is the administration of bioactive agents via oral fast dispersing/dissolving drug delivery systems for the treatment of dysphagia and/or odynophagia and/or aspiration risk.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is an orally rapidly disintegrating tablet characterized in that the tablet can be produced in a conventional tablet manufacturing facility and has a satisfactory level of hardness for practical applications, and the change in properties of the tablet (i.e., decreased in hardness of the tablet, and delay of the disintegration time of the tablet in the oral cavity) are rarely caused by factors such as humidity. The orally rapidly disintegrating tablet has hardness of 40N or more, can be disintegrated in the oral cavity within 60 seconds, and is produced by compressing of a mixture of (a) an active ingredient, (b) an excipient having good water wettability, (c) a water-insoluble polymer that is well compactible and does not substantially cause a decrease in the water wettability of the excipient and (d) a disintegrating agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides screening methods for identifying modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands, e.g., by determining whether a test entity is suitable to interact with one or more interacting sites within the Venus flytrap domains of the chemosensory receptors as well as modifiers capable of modulating chemosensory receptors and their ligands.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method of treating pulmonary hypertension based upon co-administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of an oral therapeutic agent for treating pulmonary hypertension and a pharmaceutically effective amount of an inhaled therapeutic agent for treating pulmonary hypertension. The benefit of the co-administration of these agents is to eliminate or reduce one or more side effects associated with mono-therapy of either agent, as well as one or more side effects associated with other administration routes such as subcutaneous or intravenous administration.

Abstract: Described herein are irreversible Btk inhibitor compounds, and methods for using such irreversible inhibitors in the treatment of diseases and disorders characterized by the presence or development of solid tumors.