Abstract: Methods of providing neuroprotection are disclosed comprising administering a non-sedative barbiturate compound in an amount sufficient to achieve neuroprotection in a mammalian subject. Preferred compounds are in the family of diphenylbarbituric acid and analogs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula (I): 1

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula I, which are effective in absorbing ultraviolet radiation and can be used as sunscreen agents: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C2-C18 alkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, or C2-C18 alkyl in which at least one methylene group is replaced by oxygen; R3 is hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkyl in which at least one methylene group is replaced by oxygen, C1-C18 alkyl carbonyl, C3-C18 alkenyl, C3-C18 alkynyl, or a group YS; R4 is hydrogen, C1-C8 alkyl or a group OR3; Y is a linker group; and S is a silane-, an oligosiloxane- or a polysiloxane-moiety.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel compounds that are useful as ultrashort acting hypnotic barbiturates. Specifically exemplified are derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids. They are rapidly metabolized by blood and tissue enzymes to form polar metabolites with no hypnotic activity and which are rapidly eliminated.

Abstract: Novel active compound combinations of compounds of the formula (I) in which Z, X and A are each as defined in the description with known active compounds and their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for obtaining L-dihydroorotic acid by chromatography on an anionic exchange material in a base water mixture under a pressure from about 1.1 MPa to about 40 MPa. The process can be used to investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide, N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxycrontonamide and similar compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions comprising a very low dose of cyclobenzaprine or metabolite thereof for preventing and treating sleep disturbances and illnesses manifested with sleep dysfunction including fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, psychogenic pain disorders or chronic pain syndromes or symptoms thereof. The present invention further relates to methods and compositions for treating sleep disturbances, chronic pain or fatigue in humans suffering from fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, psychogenic pain disorders, chronic pain syndromes using a very low dose of cyclobenzaprine.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is provided for topical administration of a local anesthetic agent. The composition comprises (a) a therapeutically effective amount of a local anesthetic agent and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable, nonliposomal carrier comprised of a monohydric alcohol, a penetration enhancer, and polymer, which may be a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic polymer or a combination thereof. The composition can be in the form of a gel, or it may form a film following application to a patient's body surface and evaporation of the monohydric alcohol. The composition provides rapid onset of local anesthesia as well as penetration of the active agent into the skin. Methods and drug delivery systems for administration of local anesthetic agents are also provided.

Abstract: Active compound combinations comprising a compound of the formula (I) and known fungicidally active compounds, and their use for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, are described.

Abstract: A compound of the formula wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification and solvates and salts thereof useful for treating bone and cartilage diseases.

Abstract: Derivatives of 5,5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4,6-trianones are disclosed. These compounds have antitumor and antimetastatic activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for increasing the efficacy of a therapeutic agent administered to a subject. A sleep restorative agent is co-administered to the subject along with the therapeutic agent, whereby the efficacy of the therapeutic agent is increased.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I, useful as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors, wherein X, Y and Z are each oxygen; R1 is selected from the group consisting of (a) n-octyl, (b) n-decyl, (c) biphenyl and (d) (4-phenoxy)phenyl, wherein the terminal monocycle for moieties (c)-(d) is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of —NH2, —NO2, —SO2NH2, —SO2CH3, acetyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano and halogen; R2 and R3 are each hydrogen; and R4 and R5, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a piperazinyl or piperidyl ring, wherein the piperazinyl ring is substituted in the 4-position with a substituent selected from the group consisting of (a) a 6-membered aromatic monocycle having 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and the remainder of the atoms in the monocycle being carbon and (b) hydroxy-C1-C6 alkyl, wherein the monocycle is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, —

Abstract: A method for blocking IL-12 signaling by administration of the following compound: wherein, R1 is H, CH3, sulfate, phosphate, or salt thereof; R2 is alkyl (C1-12), alkoxyalkyl (C1-11), dialkoxyalkyl, CH2C6H5, —CH2-furan, biotin; and R3 is H, CH3 or CH2C6H5.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the treatment and prophylaxis of viral infection and disease associated with such infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treating selected conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems employing non-synaptic mechanisms. More specifically, one aspect of the present invention relates to methods and materials for treating seizure and seizure disorders, epilepsy, status epilepticus, migraine, spreading depression, intracranial hypertension; for treating the pathophysiological effects of head trauma, stroke, ischemia and hypoxia; for treating or protecting from the pathophysiological effects of neurotoxic agents such as ethanol; and for treating neurophsyciatric disorders and central nervous system edema by administering agents that modulate ionic concentrations and/or ionic gradients in the brain, particularly ion-dependent or cation-chloride cotransporter antagonists. Electrolyte cotransport antagonists and combinations of such compositions with other agents for treating various conditions are disclosed.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel compounds that are useful as ultrashort acting hypnotic barbiturates. Specifically exemplified are derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids. They are rapidly metabolized by blood and tissue enzymes to form polar metabolites with no hypnotic activity and which are rapidly eliminated.

Abstract: An alternate drug delivery system for dissolution of pharmaceuticals in the mouth wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a drug is encapsulated using an encapsulation method. Encapsulation reduces the perceived off flavors of drugs, allowing the active components to dissolve pleasantly in the mouth. This allows more rapid absorption of the active compounds through the oral cavity compared to traditional tablets, which require breakdown and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. The delivery system can be incorporated into a variety of applications, such as breath mint tablets or chewing gum. Benefits of this invention include portability and the ability to take pharmaceuticals without water and without the off taste of chewable tablets, thereby leading to increased patient compliance.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel compounds that are useful as ultrashort acting hypnotic barbiturates. Specifically exemplified are derivatives of barbituric and thiobarbituric acids. They are rapidly metabolized by blood and tissue enzymes to form polar metabolites with no hypnotic activity and which are rapidly eliminated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to barbituric acid derivatives having inhibitory activity for matrix maetalloproteases comprised of formula (I): pharmaceutical compositions thereof, processes for preparing the derivatives, and methods for treating diseases associated with elevated or uncontrolled levels of matrix metalloprotease activity, e.g., cancer, specifically tumor progression and tumor metastasis, inflammation, or as a method of contraception.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions comprising a very low dose of cyclobenzaprine or metabolite thereof for preventing and treating sleep disturbances and illnesses manifested with sleep dysfunction including fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, psychogenic pain disorders or chronic pain syndromes or symptoms thereof. The present invention further relates to methods and compositions for treating sleep disturbances, chronic pain or fatigue in humans suffering from fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorders, psychogenic pain disorders, chronic pain syndromes using a very low dose of cyclobenzaprine.

Abstract: A material which has the ability to effect it's passage, at least in part, and the ability to transport other materials through the blood-brain barrier which includes any one or more pure sugars or pure amino sugars from the group consisting of meso ethritol, zylitol, D(+) galactose, D(+) lactose, D(+) xylose, dulcitol, myo-insoitol, L(−) fructose, D(−) mannitol, sorbitol, D(+) glucose, D(+) arabinose, D(−) arabinose, celloboise, D(+) maltose, D(+) raffinose, L(+)rhamnose, D(+) melibiose, D(−) ribose, adonitol, D(+) arabitol, L(−) arabitol, D(+) fucose, L(−) fucose, D(−) lyxose, L(+) lyxose, L(−) lyxose, D(+) glucosamine, D mannosamine, and D galactosamine; and any one or more amino acids from the group consisting of arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, glutamine, lysine, tryptophan, ty

Abstract: Pesticidally active cyclohexadienyl derivative compounds of the formula I that are esters, oximes or amides are claimed. These compounds may be used as fungicides, acaricides and insecticides in plant protection.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 have the meanings indicated in the specification. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of metalloproteases of the M2, M3 family and the astacin subfamily of M12 and M13.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new pharmacotherapeutical strategy, to an anti-stress, anti-impairment and anti-aging drug and to a process for its manufacturing. The drug has an etio-pathogenic and homeostatic action, was preclinically tested and clinically checked up in geriatric, neurologic, psychiatric and stress-dependent pathology. The drug achieves a synergistic biological, neurometabolic and cell-trophic composition, being elaborated by the association of the following active principles: a) against oxidative and catabolic stress; methionine with aminoethanol phenoxyacetates and/or aminoethyl phenoxyacetamides; b) against anabolic stress; hydroxopyrimidine carboxylates and/or oxopyrrolidine acetamides with potassium, zinc and lithium; c) vasodilative and normolipidemic; nicotinic, alcohol and/or acid, or its derivatives, with magnesium and iodine; d) energo-active and e) anti-toxic; aspartate; fructose; vitamin B1; vitamin B6; monoacid phosphate and sulfate.

Abstract: Ligand inhibitors for increasing levels of free corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the brain are disclosed. Such ligand inhibitors cause release of CRF from the CRF/CRF-bind protein complex. Administration of the ligand inhibitors provide improvement in learning and memory, result in decreased food intake and/or provide treatment for diseases associated with low levels of CRF in the brain, notably Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: A lock unimolecular micelle includes at least one engineered acceptor specifically binding a ligand (or specifically a "key" unimolecular micelle) thereto. A key unimolecular micelle comprises a core molecule and a plurality of branches extending therefrom, at least one of the branches including a shank portion extending therefrom having a terminal moiety at an end thereof for binding to a complimentary acceptor of a lock unimolecular micelle. Together, the lock and key micelles form a unit, either irreversibly or reversibly bound wherein the lock micelles is a soluble receptor engineered to specifically bind to the specifically engineered key micelle.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I, useful as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors, ##STR1## wherein X, Y and Z are each oxygen;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of (a) n-octyl, (b) n-decyl, (c) biphenyl and (d) (4-phenoxy)phenyl, wherein the terminal monocycle for moieties (c)-(d) is unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of --NH.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, --SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2, --SO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, acetyl, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano and halogen;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each hydrogen; andR.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound, form a piperazinyl or piperidyl ring, wherein the piperazinyl ring is substituted in the 4-position with a substituent selected from the group consisting of (a) a 6-membered aromatic monocycle having 0, 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms and the remainder of the atoms in the monocycle being carbon and (b) hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Methods for rapid detoxification of patients addicted to opioid narcotics are provided. The methods include administering nalmefene to induce acute withdrawal, and administering dextromethorphan with nalmefene or other opioid antagonists to reduce the patient's subjective feelings of residual withdrawal symptoms following detoxification. In one method of rapid detoxification, unconsciousness is induced by anesthetizing the patient with desflurane.

Abstract: N-substitued 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A, X, Y and Z have the meanings given in the description, their method of preparation and their use as pharmacological agents.

Abstract: A cryptophycin compound is provided having the structure: ##STR1## Further provided are methods of producing cryptophycins by total synthesis and methods of using cryptophycins in pharmaceuticals. It is a further object of this invention to use cryptophycins to inhibit the proliferation of mammalian cells. Moreover, methods of using cryptophycins to treat neoplasia is also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed compounds and pharmaceutical compositions that are a resolved R or S (preferably R) enantiomer of an .omega.-1 alcohol of a straight chain alkyl (C.sub.5-8) substituted at the 1-position of 3,7-disubstituted xanthine. The inventive compounds are effective in modulating cellular response to external or in situ primary stimuli, as well as to specific modes of administration of such compounds in effective amounts.

Abstract: Mammalian hair growth may be modulated by applying to the skin a compound that induces or activates the conjugation of an androgen.

Abstract: A purine compound, which has a desired and an undesired effect when a dosage sufficient to induce the desired effect is administered to a mammal, is combined with a counteracting agent, wherein the counteracting agent can reduce the undesired effect when the combination containing an effective amount of the purine compound is administered to a mammal. In a preferred embodiment, an adenosine compound is combined in vitro with a catecholamine in a predetermined ratio to form an adenosine composition. Very high dosages of a purine compound, such as adenosine, ATP or their analogs can be administered to a mammal via administration of compositions containing the purine compound and a counteracting agent, while reducing the dangerous, undesired effects associated with administering the same dosage of purine compound without first combining it with the counteracting agent. New catecholamine compositions are also taught.

Abstract: Methods for rapid detoxification of patients addicted to opioid narcotics are provided. The methods include administering nalmefene to induce acute withdrawal, and administering dextromethorphan with nalmefene or other opioid antagonists to reduce the patient's subjective feelings of residual withdrawal symptoms following detoxification. In one method of rapid detoxification, unconsciousness is induced by anesthetizing the patient with desflurane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pyrimidine acyclonucleoside derivatives represented by the following general formula (I), antiviral agents containing the derivatives as the active ingredients and processes of preparation thereof. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is ethyl or isopropyl; R.sup.2 is (3,5 dimethylphenyl)selenenyl; R.sup.3 is phenyl or methyl; X is oxygen; and Y is oxygen.

Abstract: Previously unknown anti-tumor, anti-infectious, immune system modulatory and anti-depressive properties of a family of barbituric acid derivatives are provided herein. Preferred derivatives are 4,6(1H, 5H)-pyrimidinedione, 1,3-dibutyldihydro-2thioxo; and 4,5,6(1H)-pyrimidinetrione, 1,3-dibutyldihydro-2thioxo. These compounds are effective for killing tumor cells, especially carcinoma, lymphoma and leukemia cells; for killing pathogenic organisms, especially viruses; for stimulating T cell formation and for alleviating symptoms of depression and are readily tolerated by the animal being treated.

Abstract: The analgesic effectiveness of a combination drug containing at least one analgesic is significantly enhanced by the addition of a nontoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist thereto.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preventing tissue injury caused by tissue hypoxia and reoxygenation, comprising administering a compound that inhibits signal transduction by inhibiting cellular accumulation of linoleoyl phosphatidic acid (PA) through an inhibition of the enzyme LPAAT (lysophosphatidic acyltransferase).

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds have the formula:(X)j-(core moiety),j being an integer from one to three, the core moiety comprising a core moiety, the core moiety being a heterocycle having one ring or two-fused rings, each ring having five or six ring atoms, A being a carbon atom of the core moiety and attached to a terminal carbon atom of (CH.sub.2).sub.m, and X has a structure and X being a racemic mixture, R or S enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, or salt of: ##STR1## *C is a chiral carbon atom, n is an integer from one to four (preferably from one to three), one or more carbon atoms of (CH.sub.2).sub.n may be substituted by a keto or hydroxy group, and m is an integer from one to fourteen. Independently, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be a hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl of up to twelve carbon atoms in length, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.w R.sub.5, w being an integer from two to fourteen and R.sub.5 being a mono-, di- or tri-substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituents on R.sub.

Abstract: This invention involves a pharmaceutical mixture for preventing or reducing excitotoxic brain damage caused by hypoxia/ischemia (such as stroke) and various other factors. This mixture comprises an NMDA antagonist and a non-NMDA antagonist, both of which penetrate blood-brain barriers (BBB's) and which, in combination, provide greater protection against excitotoxic damage than can be provided by any quantity of either agent by itself. Suitable NMDA antagonists can be either competitive antagonists which bind directy to the NMDA binding site in the NMDA receptor complex, or non-competitive agents that interact with other binding sites such as the PCP, glycine, or polyamine binding sites. Suitable non-NMDA antagonists include a quinoxalinedione compound referred to as NBQX, and a 2,3-benzodiazepine compound referred to as GYKI 52466.

Abstract: Acetal-and ketal-substituted compounds and pharmaceutical compositions thereof have the following formula:CORE MOIETY--(R).sub.j,including resolved enantiomers and/or diastereomers, hydrates, salts, solvates and mixtures thereof. j is an integer from one to three, the core moiety is non-cyclic or cyclic a monocyclic moiety having at least one nitrogen atom within the ring and R may be selected from among hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl C.sub.(1-6), alkenyl C.sub.(2-6), cyclic or heterocyclic groups, and groups having a structure prescribed by formula I. At least one R has the formula I:--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --C--(R.sub.1).sub.3 Iwherein n is an integer from three to twenty; R.sub.1 is selected from among hydrogen; halogen; hydroxide; substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.(1-6) alkyl, C.sub.(1-6) alkoxy, C.sub.2-6) alkenyl, cyclic or heterocyclic group; --OR.sub.2, R.sub.2 being hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.(1-6) alkyl, C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sublingual or buccal pharmaceutical composition comprising trans-5-chloro-2-methyl-2,3,3a,12b-tetrahydro-1H-dibenz?2,3:6,7!oxepino-?4 ,5-c!pyrrole or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries suitable for use in sublingual or buccal compositions, and the use thereof for the manufacture of a sublingual or buccal pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of mental disorders, such as psychosis and schizophrenia.

Abstract: A compound of formula I ##STR1## in which: ring A is one of the five alternative multi-cyclic rings as shown wherein a dotted line adjacent to a bond indicates that a single bond or a double bond may be present at that position; X is nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; R is hydrogen, lower straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic ring of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl optionally mono- or di-substituted with hydroxy, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, or methylenedioxyphenyl; or a stereoisomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.These compounds have .alpha..sub.2 receptor blocking activity and hence find use in the treatment or palliation of elevated intraocular pressure, non insulin-dependent diabetes, male impotence and obesity.

Abstract: Novel compounds are provided that are effective to inhibit the activity of DHUDase or UrdPase. Such compounds have the general formula ##STR1## where X is S or Se; Y H is I, F, Cl, Br, methoxy, benzyl, selenenylphenyl, or thiophenyl, and R.sub.1 is H or an acyclo tail having the general formula ##STR2## where R.sub.2 is H, CH.sub.2 OH or CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 ; R.sub.3 is OH, NH.sub.2, or OCOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H; and R.sub.4 is O, S, or CH.sub.2.The compounds can be used in pharmaceutical compositions, along with various chemotherapeutic agents to increase the efficacy of the treatment. These compounds can also be used in methods of treating patients by coadministering or sequentially administering the enzyme inhibiting compounds with a chemotherapeutic agent effective to treat cancers, or viral, fungal, bacterial, or parasitic infections. The compounds have further utility in enhancing imaging.

Abstract: The present invention is an substance-induced-hemorrhagic stroke animal model. The substance-induced-hemorrhagic stroke animal model is useful in screening therapeutics for the prevention and/or treatment of stroke. The present invention also encompasses magnesium salt for the prevention and treatment of stroke.

Abstract: A purine compound, which has a desired and an undesired effect when a dosage sufficient to induce the desired effect is administered to a mammal, is combined with a counteracting agent, wherein the counteracting agent can reduce the undesired effect when the combination containing an effective amount of the purine compound is administered to a mammal. In a preferred embodiment, an adenosine compound is combined in vitro with a catecholamine in a predetermined ratio to form an adenosine composition. Very high dosages of a purine compound, such as adenosine, ATP or their analogs can be administered to a mammal via administration of compositions containing the purine compound and a counteracting agent, while reducing the dangerous, undesired effects associated with administering the same dosage of purine compound without first combining it with the counteracting agent. New catecholamine compositions are also taught.

Abstract: Previously unknown anti-tumor, anti-infectious, immune system modulatory and anti-depressive properties of a family of barbituric acid derivatives are provided herein. Preferred derivatives are 4,6(1H, 5H)-pyrimidinedione, 1,3-dibutyldihydro-2thioxo; and 4,5,6(1H)-pyrimidinetrione, 1,3-dibutyldihydro-2thioxo. These compounds are effective for killing tumor cells, especially carcinoma (breast and prostate cancer), lymphoma and leukemia cells; for killing pathogenic organisms, especially viruses; for stimulating T cell formation and for alleviating symptoms of depression and are readily tolerated by the animal being treated.

Abstract: Nontoxic substances that block the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, e.g., a morphinan such as dextromethorphan or dextrorphan, or that block a major intracellular consequence of NMDA receptor activation, e.g., a ganglioside such as GM.sub.1 or GT.sub.1b, a phenothiazine such as trifluoperazine or a naphthalenesulfonamide such as N-(6-aminohexyl) -5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, inhibit the development of tolerance to and/or dependence on addictive drugs, e.g., narcotic analgesics such as morphine, codeine, etc.

Abstract: Novel compounds are provided that are effective to inhibit the activity of DHUDase or UrdPase. Such compounds have the general formula where X is S or Se; Y is H, I, F, Cl, Br, methoxy, benzyl, selenenylphenyl, or thiophenyl, and R1 is H or an acyclo tail having the general formula where R2 is H, CH2 OH or CH2 NH2; R3 is OH, NH2, or OCOCH2CH2CO2H; and R4 is O, S, or CH2. The compounds can be used in pharmaceutical compositions, along with various chemotherapeutic agents to increase the efficacy of the treatment. These compounds can also be used in methods of treating patients by coadministering or sequentially administering the enzyme inhibiting compounds with a chemotherapeutic agent effective to treat cancers, or viral, fungal, bacterial, or parasitic infections. The compounds have further utility in enhancing imaging. Further, they can be administered alone to prevent and/or treat disorders of pyrimidine catabolism and other physiological disorders.