Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein and these antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated disease and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with a LFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseases treated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods for identifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein and these antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated disease and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with a LFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseases treated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods for identifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein and these antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated disease and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with a LFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseases treated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods for identifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein and these antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated disease and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with a LFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseases treated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods for identifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds and methods for the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. In particular, LFA-1 antagonists are described herein and these antagonists are used in the treatment of LFA-1 mediated diseases. One aspect of the invention provides for diagnosis of an LFA-1 mediated disease and administration of a LFA-1 antagonist, after the patient is diagnosed with a LFA-1 mediated disease. In some embodiments, the LFA-1 mediated diseases treated are dry eye disorders. Also provided herein are methods for identifying compounds which are LFA-1 antagonists.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dietary compositions comprising reduced level of methionine, tryptophan, all amino acids, or protein, dietary compositions comprising glycerol as a substitute for monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and hypocaloric or calorie free diets with reduced level of energy, carbohydrates, or protein. Also disclosed are methods of using these compositions and diets, as well as fasting, to protect subjects against chemotherapy, radiotherapy, oxidative stress, or aging.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a slow-release formulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and a serotonin-enhancing compound. The pharmaceutical compositions for use according to the invention are contemplated particularly useful for combating CNS disorders, including depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, obesity and pain.

Abstract: The invention features compositions and methods for inhibiting the Pin1 protein, and the treatment of disorders characterized by elevated Pin1 levels.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds useful as insect repellents, compositions comprising such repellents, and methods of repelling an arthropod using such compounds and compositions. The disclosure further provides insect traps and method for identifying ligands and cognates for biological molecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new pharmaceutical composition containing nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, tryptophanor related compounds for positively influencing the intestinal microbiota. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is partially or entirely released into the small intestine or large intestine.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to nutritional and nutraceutical compositions which comprise novel mixtures of two or more indole-based dietary supplements such as L-tryptophan and melatonin, together with selected minerals and vitamins that stimulate tryptophan metabolism in the direction of serotonin and melatonin, and to their use in a preferred embodiment of the invention in a readily ingested beverage form, optionally combined with a range of other natural ingredients designed to improve the health and state of mind of human subjects. Alternative dosage forms, such as tablets for oral dosing, and dosage forms for buccal and sublingual administration, including thin films, are also incorporated in the present invention. Health improvements include the treatment of disorders of circadian rhythm, such as shift work disorder and jet lag, the induction of relaxation and a restful frame of mind, as well as providing restorative sleep function.

Abstract: The present invention provides materials and methods to induce cell death by methuosis, a non-apoptotic cell death mechanism, to induce vacuolization without cell death, or to induce cell death without vacuolization. Small molecules herein are useful for treating cell proliferation disorders or anomalies, particularly, but not exclusively, cancer. Methods related to the research and pharmaceutical use of the small molecules are also provided herein.

Abstract: A composition and a method of treatment utilizing a combination of statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors), a class of drug used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, with mixtures of an omega-3 fatty acid formulation containing about 90% or more omega 3 fatty acids by weight including a combination of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a weight ratio of EPA:DHA of from 5.7 to 6.3, wherein the sum of the EPA, DHA and DPA represent about 82% by weight of the total formulation and about 92% of the total omega 3 fatty acid content of the composition are taught.

Abstract: Indole-3-propionic acid as a marker and for treatment for Huntington Disease.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition, a method of producing same, and a method of providing cancer therapy therein comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier and a compound Formula 3 as follows: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are optionally substituted and are hydrogen, haloalkyl, aryl, fused aryl, carbocyclic, a heterocyclic group, a heteroaryl group, C1-10 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, carbocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, nitroalkyl, cyanoalkyl, acetamidoalkyl, acyloxyalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, acetoxy, amino, alkylamino, acetamido.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions associated with aberrant pyruvate metabolism, and symptoms thereof, in a subject. Disclosed herein are methods of detecting an aberrant pyruvate metabolism-associated condition, and symptoms thereof, in a subject, by the expression level of MPC1 or MPC2. Disclosed herein are methods of detecting an aberrant pyruvate metabolism-associated condition, and symptoms thereof, in a subject, by the activity level of MPC1 or MPC2. Disclosed herein are methods of determining responsiveness to a treatment for an aberrant pyruvate metabolism associated condition, and symptoms thereof, in a subject.

Abstract: A dipeptide derivative as formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist is provided. The dipeptide derivative is represented by formula (I), wherein: the chiral centers in formula (I) are S and R configurations respectively; each of RK and RT is selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkyl-substituted hydroxyl group, a C1-C4 alkoxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a C1-C4 alkyl nitrile-substituted, C1-C4 alkyl-substituted or C1-C4 alkoxyl-substituted amido group, a C1-C4 alkyl-substituted ester group and a benzoyl group having a C1-C4 alkyl-substituted benzene ring; and each of RM and RS is selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a phenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a C1-C4 alkoxyl substituted ester group, and a benzoyl group having a hydroxyl-substituted, a halogen-substituted, a C1-C4 alkoxyl-substituted or a C1-C4 alkyl-substituted benzene ring.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for wound healing and scar reduction. The compositions and methods of the invention include at least one EP4 agonist set forth herein. Wounds and or scars that can be treated by the compositions and methods of the invention can arise from events such as surgery, trauma, disease, mechanical injury, burn, radiation, poisoning, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for treating anthrax, inhibiting anthrax toxins and inhibiting anthrax toxin-induced cytotoxicity. Carboxylic acid-containing small molecules can be used in the methods and compositions disclosed herein, for example, sulindac and derivatives thereof may be used. Methods of screening for carboxylic acid-containing small molecules that can be used to treat anthrax are disclosed. Targeting the anthrax toxin reduces the risks of anthrax spores.

Abstract: The invention provides indole and indoline derivatives and slats thereof, compositions comprising them and uses thereof for the treatment of diseases and disorders.

Abstract: Compounds and associated methods for inhibiting a protein tyrosine phosphatase. By a combination of experimental and virtual screenings of the NCI Diversity Set chemical library, NSC-87877 and NSC-117199 have been identified as Shp2 PTP inhibitors. Significantly, NSC-87877 is active in cell-based assays and has no detectable off-target effects in the EGF-stimulated Erk 1/2 activation pathway. Additionally, a number of analogs of NSC-117199 have been produced. These analogs exhibit enhanced protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition and are found to be potent and/or selective inhibitors of Shp1 and/or Shp2 protein tyrosine phosphatases.

Abstract: The present invention provides analogs of a Lysofylline (LSF), and synthetic methods for the preparation of such analogs. The have the active side chain moiety (5-R-hydroxyhexyl) of LSF and can have greater potency and oral bioavailability than LSF.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and compositions and their application as pharmaceuticals for treating, preventing, or reversing injury to skeletal or cardiac muscles, for treating or preventing diseases relating to the structure and function of skeletal or cardiac muscle, and for inducing regeneration or restructuring of skeletal or cardiac muscle as a means of treating diseases relating to abnormalities in skeletal or cardiac muscle structure and function in a human or animal subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for regulating hair growth. Specifically, the invention relates to regulating hair growth by regulating the activity one of the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptors, DP-2 (GPR44). Compositions and methods for regulating hair growth include inhibiting hair growth by administering a DP-2 agonist, or stimulating hair growth by administering a DP-2 antagonist.

Abstract: Novel use of small molecules, particularly indolyl and indolinyl hydroxamates is disclosed herein. The indolyl and indolinyl hydroxamates are useful as lead compounds for manufacturing a medicament or a pharmaceutical composition for treating a patient suffering from heart failure or neuronal injury.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for contributing to the local treatment of pain. More specifically, the disclosed systems and methods contribute to the local treatment pain by inhibiting the NF?B family of transcription factors.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a slow-release formulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and a serotonin-enhancing compound. The pharmaceutical compositions for use according to the invention are contemplated particularly useful for combating CNS disorders, including depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, anxiety disorders, obesity and pain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound that is structurally similar to curcumin and has a suppressive effect on A? aggregation, a degradative effect on A? aggregates, an inhibitory effect on ?-secretase, and a protective effect on neurons. The novel compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (Ia) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 represents a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group or the like, and R2 represents a 1H-indol-6-yl group or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medicament, for treating and improving the restorative quality of sleep, in a patient suffering from primary insomnia, which comprises at least one compound selected from melatonin, other melatonergic agents, melatonin agonists and melatonin antagonists, in an effective amount within the range of 0.0025 to 50 mg, and optionally one or more other therapeutically active agents.

Abstract: Treatment and diagnostic methods are provided for pulmonary disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Various pro-inflammatory mediators are elevated in a model of COPD that can be used predict the presence of COPD and/or subtypes of COPD in human patients. Profiles of these mediators can also predict the responsiveness of some patients to certain therapies, including thromboxane receptor antagonist treatment. Methods are provided for diagnosing a subject as a pulmonary disease candidate that include determining leukocyte expression in the subject of at least one pro-inflammatory mediator and identifying the subject as a pulmonary disease candidate when leukocyte expression in the subject of the pro-inflammatory mediator is increased compared to leukocyte expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator in a healthy individual. The pulmonary disease candidate can also be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a thromboxane receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present specification discloses pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods and uses of treating a cardiovascular disease in an individual using such pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides molecular entities that bind with high affinity to PPARG (PPAR?), inhibit kinase-mediated, e.g., cdk5-mediated, phosphorylation of PPARG, but do not exert an agonistic effect on PPARG. Compounds of the invention can be used for treatment of conditions in patients wherein PPARG plays a role, such as diabetes, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, or inflammation. In methods of treatment of these conditions using a compound of the invention, the compound can avoid producing side effects of significant weight gain, edema, impairment of bone growth or formation, or cardiac hypertrophy, or any combination thereof, in the patient receiving the compound. Methods of preparation of the compounds, bioassay methods for evaluating compounds of the invention as non-agonistic PPARG binding compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Radioprotector compounds including 3,3?-diindolylmethane (DIM) analogs, are provided. Further provided are methods for their use in reducing or preventing radiation damage, killing a tumor cell and protecting a non-tumor cell, and treating cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds for the treatment or prevention of pain in mammals, in particularly in human beings, and also to a process for preparing these compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is an animal feed composition that comprises free indole acetic acid (free IAA) or a derivative thereof. Also disclosed is a method for enhancing animal growth by feeding the animal with a composition according to the invention. Further disclosed is the use of free IAA or a derivative thereof in a method of therapy of animals in need of a growth-promoting treatment, such as immunocompromised animals, animals with a growth deficit or slow-growing animals. Disclosed is the use of free IAA or a derivative thereof for the preparation of a therapeutical composition for increasing the growth rate and/or the feed conversion rate and/or the immunity of animals in need of such a treatment, in particular, immunocompromised or slow-growing animals. A composition may be in the form of a food or feed supplement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to indole and indazole compounds of Formula (I) that activate 5? adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods for treating or preventing diseases, conditions, or disorders ameliorated by activation of AMPK.

Abstract: The discovery of clonally pure populations of serosal cancer stem cells (CSCs) as well as methods of producing CSCs, culturing the CSCs and using them in screening assays, has lead to the development of methods of treating serosal and ovarian cancers by targeting removal or inhibition of the glycocalyx coat surrounding such cells, and includes combination therapies using particular chemotherapeutics in conjunction with glycocalyx inhibitors, as well as the same new chemotherapy treatments without targeting the glycocalyx, where the chemotherapeutic agent is any one of LBH-589 (Panobinostat), NVP-AUY922, LAQ824 (NVP-LAQ824, Dacinostat), colchicine, brefeldin A, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, any combination thereof or another agent identified herein. These treatment methods of the invention can also be used in combination with radiation treatment or other conventional cancer therapy.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of pharmaceutical agents to manipulate serotonin in animal mammary glands. Use of the serotonin agents results in increased PTHrP levels, resulting in the release of calcium from the bone, which improves lactation.

Abstract: The use of a compound of general formula (I), where: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are identical or different and each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an —OR? radical in which R? is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C16 hydrocarbon radical, wherein at least one group from among R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 does not represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; X is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated optionally substituted C1-C14 hydrocarbon radical, or an —OR? radical in which R? is a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated optionally substituted C1-C14 hydrocarbon radical; and Z is a covalent bond or a spacer arm, or of one of the salts thereof, in a cosmetic composition for stimulating the cellular anti-aging functions of the skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates methods to increase the expression of fatty acid desaturases (FADS) and increase cellular and tissue levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) by modulating one or more of the FADS via the action of specific classes of drugs (e.g., statins and LXR agonists). The present invention also relates to methods of treating conditions (e.g., tumor and cancer) involving deficient function of FADS by administering statins and/or LXR agonists. The present invention further relates to methods of determining the need for statins or dietary LCPUFA in subjects.

Abstract: Provided are methods for screening a subject for cancer. The methods involve obtaining a blood sample from the subject and determining a level of Bridging Integrator 1 (BIND isoforms comprising exon 12a in the sample. Optionally, the method involves determining a level of 12a+/13? BIN isoform (comprising exon 12a but lacking exon 13) in the sample. An elevated level of 12a+ (e.g., 12a+/13?) BIN1 isoforms in the blood sample indicates the subject has cancer. Also provided are methods for determining efficacy of a cancer therapy in a subject and methods of treating cancer. Isolated antibodies that selectively bind human 12a+ BIN1 are also provided as well as kits for determining 12a+/13? BIN1 isoforms.

Abstract: The invention is compounds of formula (I), and salts thereof, compositions thereof, and methods of use therefor. In particular, disclosed herein are certain compounds that can be useful for inhibiting protein kinase, including Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), and for treating disorders mediated thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preventing the development of cancer or neurodegenerative diseases by administering N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), melatonin, or a combination thereof. The present invention also relates to methods for diagnosing cancer and/or neurdegenerative disease by detecting or determining the amount of dopamine metabolites, 4-CE, 2-CE, methylation of CE or CE-Q conjugates.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a compound which is useful as an agent for preventing and/or treating renal diseases. [Means for Solution] The present inventors have conducted extensive studies on compounds having a trypsin inhibitory action, and as a result, they have found that a guanidinobenzoic acid compound has a trypsin inhibitory action, thereby completing the present invention. The guanidinobenzoic acid compound of the present invention can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating renal disease as an agent which will substitute low-protein diet therapy, and an agent for preventing and/or treating trypsin-related diseases, for example, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hepatic encephalopathy, influenza, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds useful for antagonising angiotensin II Type 2 (AT2) receptor. More particularly the invention relates to pyrrolidine and azetidine compounds, compositions containing them and their use in methods of treating or preventing disorders or diseases associated with AT2 receptor function including neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, conditions associated with neuronal hypersensitivity, impaired nerve conduction velocity, cell proliferation disorders, disorders associated with an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation and disorders associated with aberrant nerve regeneration.

Abstract: To provide a plant disease control composition having excellent control effect against plant diseases. A plant disease control composition comprising an amide compound represented by formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the description, and captan has excellent control effect against plant diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides specific small molecule compounds that allosterically regulate the activity or modulate protein-protein interactions of AGC protein kinases and the Aurora family of protein kinases, methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions comprising same, and their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to abnormal activities of AGC protein kinases or of protein kinases of the Aurora family.

Abstract: Indolyl or indolinyl compounds of formula (I): wherein bond, n, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6, are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating cancer with these compounds.

Abstract: A method for treating an abnormal polyglutamine-mediated disease is disclosed, wherein indole and an indole-based compound contained in a pharmaceutical composition used in the method of the present invention can reduce the polyglutamine aggregation through decreasing reactive oxygen species production and increasing the activity of chaperone and autophagy.

Abstract: New uses of safinamide, safinamide derivatives and MAO-B inhibitors in novel types of treatment for Parkinson's Disease are described. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for treating Parkinson's Disease through the administration of safinamide, a safinamide derivative, or a MAO-B inhibitor, in combination with other Parkinson's Disease agents or treatments, such as levodopa/PDI or dopamine agonists.