Abstract: This invention relates to the composition and method of treating arthritis, repairing of articular joint surfaces and the relief of symptoms associated with arthritis. The composition comprises a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and amino sugars. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor reduces the level of nitric oxide, the free radical believed responsible for the degradation of articular cartilage. Amino sugars are the building blocks of articular cartilage and have anti-inflammatory actions.

Abstract: Provided is a nutraceutical composition including a glucosamine based component. The composition is effective to improve fertility in mammals, including humans and stallions. A method for improving fertility in a mammal using glucosamine based nutraceutical composition is also provided.

Abstract: A method and medical composition for the treatment and/or prevention of a functional Vitamin B12 deficiency in an individual that is brought about as a consequence of oxidative stress on biochemical pathways. The functional Vitamin B12 deficiency may eventually present as dementia, other neuropsychiatric abnormality and/or vascular disease. The method involves the administration of a medical composition that supplies a cobalt-sulphur bond in the upper &bgr;-ligand of an intracellular cobalamin molecule thereby facilitating intracellular processing of cobalamin. The cobalt-sulphur bond may be provided directly by administration of a thiolatocobalamin, such as glutathionyl-cobalamin or indirectly by the co-administration of Vitamin B12 (or a derivative thereof) with a sulphur-containing molecule, such as glutathione or a precursor thereof.

Abstract: A nutritional supplement formulation for the enhancement of blood sugar regulation, prevention and treatment of insulin resistance, prevention and treatment of dysinsulinemia, prevention and treatment of Syndrome X, and reduction of diabetic complications is disclosed. The formulation combines herbs, minerals and vitamins known to reduce insulin resistance with herbs, minerals and vitamins known to reduce blood sugar levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medicament containing an effector of the glutathione metabolism together with &agr;-lipoic acid for treating diabetes mellitus. This medicament enables disturbances of the thiol-disulfide status or those that occur, for example, in diabetes mellitus to be treated simultaneously, separately or in a temporally graduated manner.

Abstract: The formulation includes a combination of a chalcone, specifically, methylhydroxychalcone polymer, in the amount of 6 mg to 24 mg, and chromium, in the amount of 500 mcg to 2000 mcg. The formulation also includes a plurality of vitamins and nutrients, vitamins B6, C, E and K including green tea polyphenols and other nutrients.

Abstract: Use of active ingredient combinations of

Abstract: Use of active ingredient combinations of

Abstract: Perfluorocarbons are used to control nitric oxide metabolism, either to inhibit nitric oxide activity or to potentiate the effects of nitric oxide. Perfluorocarbons can be used, for example, to treat hypotension and vasoplegia in septic shock, to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, to treat hypertension, and to provide antiplatelet effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to a medicament containing an effector of the glutathione metabolism together with &agr;-lipoic acid, its salts and/or prodrugs as a combined preparation for the simultaneous, separate or time-controlled treatment of a defective thiol-disulfide status in kidney replacement therapy and of clinical characteristics, which indicate a disorder of the thiol-disulfide status of immunocytes. The correction of a defective thiol metabolism is of fundamental importance as a basic therapy for treating a large number of diseases of different origin, in particular however in circumstances requiring an essential kidney replacement therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to the field of immunology. More specifically, the invention relates the finding that antibodies can generate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from singlet oxygen. Accordingly, methods and compositions able to increase or decrease oxidative stress are provided. Also provided are screening assays to identify agents that modulate the ability of a antibody to generate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Such agents can be used therapeutically to treat patients in need. Further, the invention provides methods to use antibodies in immunoassays.

Abstract: The instant invention provides compositions and methods for modeling post-Amadori AGE formation and the identification and characterization of effective inhibitors of post-Amadori AGE formation, and such identified inhibitor compositions.

Abstract: Compositions for treating or preventing fat maldistribution or hyperlipidemia resulting from anti-retroviral treatment of HIV-1 infection are disclosed. The compositions contain a conjugated fatty acid or alcohol and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a thiol-containing compound and a bioavailable form of trivalent chromium. Methods of treating a subject suffering from HIV-associated fat maldistribution or hyperlipidemia by administering a composition that includes a conjugated fatty acid or conjugated fatty alcohol and at least one member selected from the group consisting of a thiol-containing compound and a bioavailable form of trivalent chromium are similarly provided.

Abstract: Acne is treated or prevented by the topical application of compositions containing an alkanolamine such as dimethylaminoethanol, tyrosine, and a sulfur ingredient such as lipoic acid or glutathione. Adjunct ingredients such as fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid, e.g., ascorbyl palmitate and &agr;-hydroxy acids may be included in the formulations. Compositions of the invention may be used alone, or, in many preferable embodiments, in combination with conventional acne medications such as anti-acne products containing salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, or a retinoid. In these embodiments, alkanolamine compositions of the invention are applied to affected skin areas first, and then a conventional acne medication is applied. This maximizes the efficacy of the treatment while minimizing skin irritation caused by conventional medications.

Abstract: The invention proposes the use of a selective COX-2 inhibitor and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (a statin) to sensitize cancer cells or chemotherapy or radiopharmatherapy, and preferably a glutathione pathway enhancing and detoxifying compound such as cystine so that cancerous cells are more easily penetrated while normal cells are protected. Timing of therapy and methods are covered.

Abstract: An orally administered, novel dietary supplement or therapeutic composition capable of insulin-like activity in animals, preferably humans, is provided. Contained in the composition are therapeutically effective amounts of vanadyl sulfate, alpha-lipoic acid, taurine, and chromium carnitine. The composition is preferably orally administered on a daily basis for at least about 4 weeks and can be used by normal, healthy individuals as well as diabetics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions without added iron and methods for prophylactic nutritional supplementation and therapeutic nutritional supplementation. Specifically, the method involves administering to an individual a composition comprising carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, pantothenic acid, cobalamin, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, chromium, copper, alpha lipoic acid, and lutein, wherein the composition is free of added iron.

Abstract: Disclosed are 3,4,5-trisubstituted aryl nitrone compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds. The 3,4,5-trisubstituted aryl nitrone compounds have formula (I); where R1-R4 are as defined in the specification. The disclosed compositions are useful as therapeutics for inflammation-related conditions in mammals, such as arthritis, and as analytical reagents for detecting free radicals.

Abstract: A formulation for enteral administration to a patient is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, or to slow the progression of such diseases, or to treat and/or prevent other disorders as disclosed in the specification, by administering to patients, or delivering to the tissues of such patients, oltipraz or related compounds as disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a food composition intended to prevent or restore age-related functional deficits in mammals, which comprises a combination being able to mimic the effects of caloric restriction on gene expression. The combination contains at least one molecule that stimulates energy metabolism of the cell and at least one antioxidant. Also, methods of treating age-related functional deficits in mammals by administering the combination or a food composition containing the same.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing R-&agr;-lipoic acid includes combining R-&agr;-lipoic acid with nicotinamide in a weight ratio between about 10:4 to about 10:8. A composition for treating oxidative stress includes R-&agr;-lipoic acid and nicotinamide in a weight ratio of between about 10:4 and about 10:8.

Abstract: A combination of chemical agents reduces reductive stress by limiting the accumulation of high-energy electrons potentially available to the electron transport chain. A method of metabolic uncoupling therapy comprises: analyzing a specific physiologic process involving reductive stress; identifying a plurality of MUT agents that modulate metabolic pathways by influencing electron flux; and formulating a combination of MUT agents that limits the accumulation of high-energy electrons potentially available to the electron transport chain.

Abstract: The compositions and dosage forms of the invention are clinically useful as methods for increasing the effectiveness, efficiency and safety of biguanides (metformin) and/or sulfonylureas in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, alone or in combination, as a nutrient for humans. The carefully chosen active ingredients of the invention are designed in a modular fashion to prevent and rectify adverse events associated with insulin resistance syndrome and diabetes mellitus, and with the clinical use of biguanides (metformin) and/or the sulfonylureas. These modules are: (1) Mitochondrial Metabolic Group, (2) Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Integrity Group, (3) Nocturnal Group and, (4) Insulin Alternative Group. When used in concert with a biguanide, a sulfonylurea or with a combination of both, the invention will broaden the clinical usefulness of these drugs.

Abstract: Food supplement compositions and their methods of use in increasing lean mass and/or muscle size and/or strength in individuals, particularly, athletes is described. The food supplements described comprise &agr; lipoic acid or a derivative thereof, and an amino acid. Other food supplements described comprise a substance which can enhance and/or mimic activity of &agr; lipoic acid, and a source of amino acid. The food supplement compositions described are suitable for supplementing the diet of an athlete and particularly for enhancing an athlete's muscle size and/or strength.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of &agr;-lipoic acid in reduced or oxidized form or derivatives thereof with intact dithiolane structure in the form of enantiomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, amides, esters, thioesters, ethers or metabolites for the adjuvant therapy of dementias.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for treatment of tumors comprising administering to subject bearing a tumor an effective amount of at least one agent that decreases the [GSH]2/[GSSG] ratio in the malignant cells of said tumor, wherein said at least one agent is administered continuously to said patient for a period of time within the range of from about 15 to about 75 hours.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel lipoic acid derivatives, which have an inhibiting action with respect to NO-synthase enzymes producing nitrogen monoxide NO and/or are agents enabling the regeneration of antioxidants or entities trapping reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intervening in a more general manner in the redox status of thiol groups. The invention also concerns methods for preparing them, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use for therapeutic purposes, particularly their use as NO-synthase inhibitors and/or as agents acting more generally in the redox status of thiol groups.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to chemical compositions of substituted thioacetamides, processes for the preparation thereof and uses of the compositions in the treatment of diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of superficial eye disorders.

Abstract: A controlled release formulation of lipoic acid is disclosed. The lipoic acid is combined with excipient materials in such a way that those materials provide for gradual release of the lipoic acid in a manner which makes it possible to substantially increase the period of time over which therapeutic levels of lipoic acid are maintained relative to a quick release formulation. These features make it possible to use lipoic acid to reduce serum glucose levels and maintain those levels over time thereby obtaining a range of desired therapeutic results.

Abstract: An orally administered, novel dietary supplement or therapeutic composition capable of insulin-like activity in animals, preferably humans, is provided. Contained in the composition are therapeutically effective amounts of vanadyl sulfate, alpha-lipoic acid, taurine, and chromium carnitine. The composition is preferably orally administered on a daily basis for at least about 4 weeks and can be used by normal, healthy individuals as well as diabetics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dietary or food supplement for healthy humans that includes a combination of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and creatine, or nutraceutically acceptable derivatives of these two compounds. The supplement may include additives such as carbohydrates or amino acids. The invention further includes a regimen for supplementing a healthy athlete's diet by administering on a regular basis to the athlete 4-hydroxyisoleucine and creatine, or nutraceutically acceptable derivatives of these two compounds. The invention also provides a method for enhancing the body's absorption and utilization of a nutrient, comprising administering 4-hydroxyisoleucine or a nutraceutically acceptable derivative thereof in combination with the nutrient.

Abstract: Provided is a method of treating or ameliorating a number of indications in an animal, including a human, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the formula I or IA, 1

Abstract: The invention is a cosmetic, dermatological or topical pharmaceutical preparation for use in treating undesired pigmentation of the skin comprising an effective content of one or more of aminoguanidine, derivatives thereof and structural analogs thereof. The invention also includes a method of applying the preparation to affected areas of the skin to treat undesired pigmentation of the skin.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating diabetic retinopathy is disclosed including administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor of retinal pericyte apoptosis. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition which treats and/or prevents diabetic retinopathy comprising as an active agent a therapeutically effective amount of at least one inhibitor of retinal pericyte apoptosis and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors, obtainable by chemical synthesis, inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses.

Abstract: Rosacea is treated by application of a composition containing lipoic acid and/or a lipoic acid derivative such as dihydrolipoic acid, a lipoic or dihydrolipoic acid ester, a lipoic or dihydrolipoic acid amide, a lipoic or dihydrolipoic acid salt, and mixtures of any of these. Preferred compositions further comprise &agr;-hydroxy acids or acid derivatives such as glycolic and/or lactic acid. Other embodiments also contain fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid such as ascorbyl palmitate, and/or tocotrienol.

Abstract: An immunomodulator is provided which is capable of oral intake for improvement, treatment and prevention of human immunological diseases and which is used to treat, improve and prevent human immunological diseases, especially, autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases such as hepatic cirrhosis, hepatitis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and cutaneous atopy, allergic diseases and cancers by a new method that can control the redox state of macrophages or monocytes, and can be incorporated into a drug, a food, a nutrient, and an infusion. The contents of oxidative glutathione and reductive glutathione in macrophages are monitored, and the ratio of oxidative glutathione and reductive glutathione is examined, whereby macrophages are classified into oxidative macrophages and reductive macrophages having different functions. The degree of progression of various autoimmune diseases is analyzed from this standpoint.

Abstract: It is found out that compounds represented by the formula (I): 1

Abstract: A method of treating onychomycosis is described which includes administration of a topical formulation containing an effective amount of urea and an antioxidant to an infected area around a nail of a patient.

Abstract: A dietary supplement for removing or preventing the bio-accumulation of heavy metals in the body includes a primary chelator, a secondary chelator, and optionally a tertiary chelator or a precursor of a tertiary chelator. The primary chelator preferably crosses the blood brain barrier to capture a heavy metal ion from a site in the central nervous system. The primary chelator then crosses back through the blood brain barrier with the entrained heavy metal ion. The secondary chelator binds the heavy metal from or with the primary chelator for removal. In one embodiment, a tertiary chelator such as glutathione or metallothionine assists in moving the chelated heavy metal out into an excretion pathway. Using the dietary supplement limits the accumulation of heavy metals in the body, promotes removal of heavy metals previously accumulated in the body and alleviates the symptoms and conditions associated with heavy metal toxicity.

Abstract: Compounds having the general structure 1

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for preventing and treating loss of, or impairments to, the sense of balance. Specifically, the invention provides methods for preserving the sensory hair cells and neurons of the inner ear vestibular apparatus by preventing or reducing the damaging effects of oxidative stress by administering an effective amount of the following therapeutic agents: antioxidants; compounds utilized by inner ear cells for synthesis of glutathione; antioxidant enzyme inducers; trophic factors; mitochondrial biogenesis factors; and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of lipoic acid, a physiologically acceptable derivative or salt thereof and one compound of the formula I

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating obstructive and ischemic bladder diseases which include administering a compound which includes a cyclic or acyclic disulfide covalently bonded to a lipid-soluble antioxidant or which include administering a reduced sulfhydryl derivative thereof. Also disclosed are compounds that include a benzopyran moiety which is directly or indirectly covalently bonded to a cyclic or acyclic disulfide, as well as reduced sulfhydryl derivatives of such compounds. Methods for making such compounds and reduced sulfhydryl derivatives using tocopherol and lipoic acid starting materials are also disclosed, as are methods for inhibiting oxidative and/or free radical damage in a subject's cells, nerve membranes, sarcoplasmic reticula, mitochondrial membranes, and/or muscle plasma membranes and methods for treating and/or preventing obstructive and ischemic bladder diseases, conditions involving hypoxia, ischemia, and/or reoxygenation injury.

Abstract: A novel salt, creatine taurinate, and the compositions containing same (health foods, dietary supplements or (drugs) are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of lipoic acid, lipoic acid derivatives or salts thereof having an (R)-enantiomer-excess in cosmetic compositions for skin or hair and for the preparation of dermatological compositions for the treatment of skin disorders, to cosmetic and dermatological compositions, and to compositions in the form of commercial packs.

Abstract: Retinoids with retinoid receptor antagonistic activity, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutically acceptable hydrolyzable esters thereof, have been found efficacious in treating T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-mediated immune diseases, such as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases.

Abstract: Food supplement compositions comprise lipoic acid or a derivative thereof and creatine or a derivative thereof. The compositions optionally, but preferably, further comprise dextrose. The food supplement compositions are suitable for supplementing the diet of an athlete and particularly for enhancing an athlete's muscle size or strength.