Abstract: Mixtures of fructose and lactose are useful for reducing caloric intake and glycemic index for individuals who are overweight, glucose-impaired, diabetic, or who just consume too large a fraction of their calories from “added sugars”. The fructose/lactose sweetener is included in the daily diet as a one-for-one replacement for “added sugars” in various edible formulations without sacrificing quality of taste. Sucrose can be used as a replacement for all or part of the fructose in the claimed sweetener to increase sweetness or improve certain functional properties without substantially changing caloric value. The claimed mixtures of fully-caloric sugars work synergistically to reduce available calories and blood sugar concentration. Specifically, fructose interferes strongly with normal small-intestinal absorption of lactose and interferes moderately with sucrose absorption, while lactose interferes with normal small-intestinal absorption of both sucrose and starch.

Abstract: A suitable carrier molecule useful in a nucleic acid precipitation method is modified by coupling a suitable visualizable indicator molecule to the carrier molecule. The conjugated carrier facilitates nucleic acid precipitation because the presence and location of nucleic acid in a sample is readily observed and monitored.

Abstract: Known hydroxyethylated and -propylated starch types for use as colloid osmotic agent in peritoneal dialysis or as volume replacement composition (plasma expander) have the disadvantage that complete degradation by amylase is not possible owing to the more or less extensive substitution by hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups. As a consequence thereof, residual fragments remain in the body and are eliminated only very slowly or are stored in various organs/tissues, especially with relatively high and/or long-term dosage. These disadvantageous properties can be very substantially avoided according to the invention with a highly branched, unsubstituted or low-substituted starch product, i.e. with a starch which has a significantly higher degree of branching than amylopectin, and has the degree of ?-I,6 branching of glycogen, or exceeds the latter and—if substituted—has a degree of substitution MS of only up to 0.3.

Abstract: A cosmetic or dermatological powder, which comprises (i) from 61 to 99.99% by weight is relative to the total weight of the powder of at least one starch modified by a combination of esterification and heat-moisture treatment, (ii) from 0.01 to 29.99% by weight is relative to the total weight of the powder, of an oily phase comprising at least one oil.

Abstract: Methods for treating obesity or obesity related disorders are disclosed. These methods include the use of anti-obesity agents directed to the forebrain in combination with anti-obesity agents directed to the hindbrain.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pectin-modified resistant starch prepared by cross-linking starch with pectin by pectinesterase reaction. Such resistant starch is low amylase digestible and thus is useful in food products, including nutritional supplements, to reduce calorie content and increase fiber content. This invention also relates to a composition containing the resistant starch and a process for the preparation of the same.

Abstract: A modified starch material for biocompatible hemostasis, biocompatible adhesion prevention, tissue healing promotion, absorbable surgical wound sealing and tissue bonding, when applied as a biocompatible modified starch to the tissue of animals. The modified starch material produces hemostasis, reduces bleeding of the wound, extravasation of blood and tissue exudation, preserves the wound surface or the wound in relative wetness or dryness, inhibits the growth of bacteria and inflammatory response, minimizes tissue inflammation, and relieves patient pain. Any excess modified starch not involved in hemostatic activity is readily dissolved and rinsed away through saline irrigation during operation. After treatment of surgical wounds, combat wounds, trauma and emergency wounds, the modified starch hemostatic material is rapidly absorbed by the body without the complications associated with gauze and bandage removal.

Abstract: The present invention relates, generally, to methods of providing long-term minimization of wrinkles or folds in the skin by injecting a bolus of hyaluronic acid deep into the skin. The methods of the present invention are particularly beneficial for improving the contours of the cheeks, filling folds under the eyes, and providing the visual effect of a chin implant, without requiring the use of surgical procedures.

Abstract: A sperm-blocking agent is disclosed. The composition comprises an aqueous solvent a gum which is a polysaccharide having about 0.3 to 10 wt % of the composition, wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of celluloses and their derivatives, hemi-cellulose, fiber, starches and their derivatives, polydextrans and their derivatives, pectins and their derivatives, seaweed polysaccharids, their salts and derivatives and natural gums; and a lubricant being alcohols having about 0.5 to wt % of the composition, wherein the alcohol is at least one selected from polyethene glycol having a molecular weight of over 200, polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) polymers and glycerin; wherein the viscosity of the composition is above 9000 cst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for organ preservation, comprising an inulin type fructan as an active ingredient. The composition for organ preservation can suppress the hypofunction of an organ and damage to a histological structure and can improve the state of preservation of the organ in the course of organ transplantation and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble hydrogenated starch derivatives containing nondigestible dietary fiber, characterized in that they have an ICUMSA coloration value reduced by at least 50%, and a reducing sugar content reduced by at least 30%, and to their method of preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic compositions comprising prebiotic components selected from fructose polymers GFn and Fm, either containing a glucose (G) end-group, or without a glucose end-group, and one or more component of a group of prebiotics consisting of modified or unmodified starch and partial hydrolysates thereof, partially hydrolysed inulin, natural oligofractoses, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), lactulose, galactomannan and suitable partial hydrolysates thereof, indigestible polydextrose, acemannan, various gums, indigestible dextrin and partial hydrolysates thereof, trans-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), beta-glucan and partial hydrolysates thereof, together if desired with phytosterol/phytostanol components and their suitable esters, and if desired other plant extracts, mineral components, vitamins and additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating a subject for a condition or inflammation associated with oedema, excess body fluids or oedema and excess body fluids, or for treating a subject for an abscess, boil, blister or cyst. The method comprises applying to the skin surface covering a body part or region affected by said condition, inflammation, abscess, boil, blister or cyst a composition capable of transdermally attracting fluids from the body part or region or its proximity, wherein said composition comprises at least one adsorptive or absorptive agent, and leaving said composition in contact with the skin for sufficient time to allow said composition to transdermally absorb or adsorb at least a portion of the body fluids from said body part or region. The present invention also relates to compositions for absorbing or adsorbing fluids from a body part or region, and which are capable of transdermally attracting fluids from body parts or regions or their proximity.

Abstract: This document provide materials and methods for treating patients infected with a spore-forming bacteria and materials and methods for preventing development of Clostridium difficile-associated disease.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel polysaccharide. RR1 is an ?-D-glucan polysaccharide composed of a (1?4) linked back bone and (1?6) linked branches, which has been isolated from a medicinal herb, Tinospora cordifolia. RR1 exhibits unique immune-stimulating properties, is non-cytotoxic, and non-proliferating to normal lymphocytes, as well as tumor cell lines. The subject invention also concerns compositions containing an RR1 compound and methods for modulating an immune response in a subject using RR1 compounds. The present invention also provides methods for the use of an RR1 compound in conjunction with an antigen to stimulate an immune response, the RR1 compound providing an adjuvant-like activity in the generation of a Th1-type immune response to the antigen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solution for peritoneal dialysis, consisting of at least two single solutions which are combined after a heat sterilization and are administered to a patient, the first single solution containing an osmotic and the second single solution containing a buffer, and one of these single solutions or another single solution containing electrolyte salts. Glucose-like degradation and hydrolysis is avoided during sterilization and storage, while maintenance of a neutral mixture pH is achieved by the osmotic comprising a glucose polymer and/or glucose polymer derivative, and the pH of the first single solution being between 3.5 and 5.0. The present invention further discloses a twin-chambered pouch consisting of a plastic pouch with at least one first chamber and a second chamber, the first single solution being included in the first chamber and the second single solution being included in the second chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing conjugates of an active substance and hydroxyalkyl starch and to conjugates of an active substance and hydroxyalkyl starch, preferably hydroxyethyl starch, wherein the conjugates are prepared by covalently linking the hydroxyalkyl starch and the active substance by a chemical residue having a structure according to formula (I) or formula (I?) or formula (I?) wherein R1, R2, R2?, R3, R3? and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionally suitably substituted, linear, cyclic and/or branched alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, and heteroaralkyl group, preferably hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of benzoic acid and/or its sodium salt in combination with saccharide(s) as active components in the manufacture of a vaginal composition for modulating vaginal flora and vaginal acidity, thereby maintaining the pH value of vaginal secretion within a range from 3.5 to 4.5; and the present invention further relates to a vaginal composition and a method for modulating and maintaining normal vaginal flora and vaginal acidity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of hyperbranched amylopectin which has an average branch degree of between >10 and 25 mol % and a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 40.000-800.000 Dalton and the derivatives thereof in methods for surgical or therapeutic treatment of human or animal bodies or in a diagnostic method, preferably as a plasma volume expander. Plasma volume expanders based on hydroxy-ethylated amylopectin have, as a result of hydroxy ethylation, hitherto exhibited the disadvantage of incomplete metabolism and thus temporary tissue storage which is linked to side-effects. According to the invention, novel plasma expanders based on polysaccharides which do not exhibit the same disadvantages as the former are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous composition that can alleviate at least one of the problems that conventional aqueous compositions for cosmetics have (e.g., insufficient temporal stability, insufficient viscosity increase, being incapable of being used in a variety of pH ranges and being incapable of providing sufficient thixotropy). The aqueous composition for cosmetics includes: (A) at least one selected from the group consisting of a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5, a cross-linked product of a hydroxyalkyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 5 and an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18 and a cross-linked product of an acyl modified starch with a carbon number of 2 to 18; and (B) a water-soluble polymer material.

Abstract: A free-flowing, hydrophobic starch composition has a near-neutral dry product pH. Methods for making the hydrophobic starch composition by preparing an aqueous mixture comprising a starch, a siliconate, and an acid, where the aqueous mixture has a near-neutral pH, and drying the starch solids to obtain a hydrophobic starch. Novel fuel compositions comprise hydrophobic starch which can be used in internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines. Hydrophobic starch compositions may be used as fuels or fuel components. Novel methods of fueling and operating internal combustion engines use hydrophobic starch as fuel or fuel components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to raw materials for foods, pharmaceuticals, and the like, wherein the raw materials can be effective in preventing and ameliorating various lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, safe, applicable in wide areas, and less deteriorative to texture; and the present invention also relates to a preventive/remedy for obesity, an agent for suppressing fat accumulation in internal organs, an agent for suppressing blood glucose level increase, or a preventive/remedy for diabetes, wherein acetylated starch or starch octenyl succinate is an active ingredient.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a method of treating, reducing the incidence, reducing the severity or pathogenesis of an eye disease or disorder in a subject, including, inter alia, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, glaucoma or retinopathy, comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a lipid or phospholipid moiety bound optionally via a spacer to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer via an ester or amide bond, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical product thereof. This invention also provides a contact lens solution comprising a lipid or phospholipid moiety bound optionally via a spacer to a physiologically acceptable monomer, dimer, oligomer, or polymer via an ester or amide bond, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a pharmaceutical product thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution for peritoneal dialysis, consisting of at least two single solutions which are combined after a heat sterilization and are administered to a patient, the first single solution containing an osmotic and the second single solution containing a buffer, and one of these single solutions or another single solution containing electrolyte salts. The avoidance of a glucose-like degradation as well as hydrolysis during sterilization and storage while maintaining a neutral mixture pH is achieved according to the invention by the osmotic comprising a glucose polymer and/or glucose polymer derivative, and the pH of the first single solution being between 3.5 and 5.0. The present invention further relates to a twin-chambered pouch consisting of a plastic pouch with at least one first chamber and a second chamber, the first single solution being included in the first chamber and the second single solution being included in the second chamber.

Abstract: Dried hemoactive materials comprise both a cross-linked biologically compatible polymer and a non-cross-linked biologically compatible polymer. The cross-linked polymer is selected to form a hydrogel when exposed to blood. The non-cross-linked polymer is chosen to solubilize relatively rapidly when exposed to blood. The non-cross-linked polymer serves as a binder for holding the materials in desired geometries, such as sheets, pellets, plugs, or the like. Usually, the cross-linked polymer will be present in a particulate or fragmented form. The materials are particularly suitable for hemostasis and drug delivery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating infectious diseases, that involves: (a) providing an alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative; and (b) inhibiting the growth of an infectious disease by administering a composition comprising the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative. The alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative represented by the following general formula I, in which: the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative has a degree of quaternary ammonium group substitution of from 0.4 to 2.

Abstract: Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 13146 fermentation with a sucrose:maltose ratio of 2:1 have been discovered to be effective prebiotics in mixed cultures of microbial populations, including cultures from chicken ceca. Surprisingly in mixed microbial cultures this IMO composition proved as effective as FOS. Thus, these IMOs can be used as effective prebiotics for both birds and mammals. Moreover, the IMOs were discovered to be effective non-competitive inhibitors of ?-glucosidase. These IMOs also will be useful, as an ?-glucosidase inhibitor, in a therapeutic application for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, caries, cancer, viral disease such as hepatitis B and C, HIV, and AIDS. A diet with 5-20% IMOs was also shown to reduce the abdominal fat tissue in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a starch composition with high total dietary fiber (TDF) that retains its TDF upon processing. In particular, over 50% of such fiber is retained upon extrusion processing. Such starch is useful in the manufacture of high fiber food products, including extruded products such as breakfast cereals and snacks.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to: the use of an effective inhibitor of a bacterial ?-amylase and/or ?-glucosidase in the manufacture of a composition for the treatment of acidosis; a method of treatment of rumen acidosis which comprises administration of an effective amount of an effective inhibitor of a bacterial ?-amylase and/or ?-glucosidase to a ruminant; a formulation suitable for the treatment of acidosis in an animal which comprises an effective inhibitor of a bacterial ?-amylase and/or ?-glucosidase in admixture with a suitable excipient, diluent or carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical/veterinary/farming practice; screening methods useful in the identification of a suitable inhibitor of a bacterial ?-amylase and/or ?-glucosidase for the treatment of acidosis in a ruminant; a process for improving ruminant milk quality and/or quantity which comprises treatment of a ruminant with an effective amount of an inhibitor of bacterial ?-amyla

Abstract: The present invention relates to monocotyledon plant cells and plants which are genetically modified, wherein the genetic modification consists of the introduction of an extraneous nucleic acid molecule which codes for a protein with the biological activity of an R1 protein. The present invention further relates to means and methods for the production thereof. Plant cells and plants of this type synthesise a modified starch, which is characterised in that it has an increased phosphate content and/or a modified phoshorylation pattern and/or an increased final viscosity in an RVA profile and/or a reduced peak temperature in DSC analysis and/or an increased gel strength in the texture analysis compared with starch from corresponding non-genetically modified monocotyledon plants. Therefore, the present invention also relates to the starch which is synthesised from the plant cells and plants according to the invention, and to methods of producing said starch.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: Compositions of plant carbohydrates for dietary supplements and nutritional support for promotion and maintenance of good health. Defined nutritionally effective amounts of one to eleven essential saccharides, glyconutrients, are used in various inventive compositions as dietary supplements. The dietary composition herein can include phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, and other non-toxic nutrients. The glyconutritional dietary supplement herein provides essential saccharides which are the building blocks of glycoproteins. These compositions, when administered orally or topically, have been found to improve the well being of mammals suffering from a variety of disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polysaccharide conjugates that comprise: a polysaccharide that binds to surface-receptors present on Antigen Presenting Cells, conjugated to one or more compounds having stable carbonyl groups covalently attached, either directly or via a bifunctional linker. The conjugates are useful as immuno-stimulants and adjuvants.

Abstract: A cationic starch product, the making of it and its use. The starch product comprises starch (St) and a cationising reagent, which is made from choline or its synthetic equivalent, whereby the cationising reagent has reacted with a part of the hydroxyl groups of the starch according to the structure formula (VI) or (VII). The structure component A is a hydrocarbon chain. The substituents R are hydrogens; lower or higher acrylic alkly groups, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalklyl groups; substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl groups; lower or higher alkyl groups or non-aromatic heterocyclic groups containing alkoxy groups or other hetero atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of blunting the postprandial glycemic response to a meal by feeding a dual induced viscosity fiber system. The first component of the induced viscosity fiber system is soluble fiber. The second component of the induced viscosity fiber system is water-insoluble, acid-soluble multivalent cations. The third component of the induced viscosity fiber system in lightly hydrolyzed starch. The fiber system will typically be incorporated into a meal replacement nutritional. The present invention also refers to a method of delivering soluble fiber to diabetics and to persons needing to lose weight. Additionally, the invention refers to a method of promoting the feeling of fullness and satiety by feeding a nutritional product containing the induced viscosity fiber system.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules are described encoding a starch granule-bound protein as well as methods and recombinant DNA molecules for the production of transgenic plant cells and plants synthesizing a modified starch with modified viscosity properties and a modified phosphate content. Moreover, the plant cells and plants resulting from those methods as well as the starch obtainable therefrom are described.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising low doses of sensitive complexes between an estrogen and a cyclodextrin are provided with improved stability. In specific embodiments the composition comprises a complex between ethinyl estradiol and ?-cyclodextrin in a granulate preparation and in yet another embodiment the composition comprises a limited amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone since this excipient was found to degrade ethinyl estradiol. Furthermore, a method for improving the stability of an estrogen in a composition and for manufacturing such a stable composition is provided. Essentially, the granulate preparation are manufactured under careful control of the relative humidity.

Abstract: Production of purified, parenterally administrable starch by washing starch containing more than 85% amylopectin in order to remove surface-localized proteins, lipids and endotoxins, dissolving the starch in aqueous medium, molecular weight reduction by shearing, and optionally removal of residual water-soluble proteins, preferably by anion exchange chromatography. Purified starch and microparticles based on such starch.

Abstract: The invention provides a number of methods for enhancing the aqueous solubility of an active ingredient which is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water. In one preferred embodiment, solubilization of the active ingredient is enhanced by combining it with ?-cyclodextrin in an aqueous complexation medium comprising ?-cyclodextrin and a negatively- or positively-charged compound which forms an inclusion or non-inclusion complex with ?-cyclodextrin and its inclusion complexes.

Abstract: The invention provides hemostatic compositions useful to promote hemostasis at active bleeding wound sites. The hemostatic compositions typically include an article containing cellulose, e.g., cotton gauze, and a polysaccharide covalently linked to the cellulose, or a polysaccharide ionically cross-linked and in association with the article. Methods of making and using the hemostatic compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to foodstuff and animal feed which contain resistant starch on the basis of water-insoluble linear ?-1,4-D-glucans. The invention also related to the utilization of resistant starch on the basis of water-insoluble linear ?-1,4-D-glucans as medicaments.

Abstract: Nutritional solutions and methods of making same are disclosed. The solutions include protein, lipid, and a carbohydrate source including high amylose starch and guar gum.

Abstract: A stable form of artemisinin wherein an artelinic acid or artesunic acid is complexed with cyclodextrin analogs, preferably, ?-cyclodextrin. The complexed cyclodextrin artemisinin formulation shields the peroxide portion of the artemisinin backbone from hydrolytic decomposition rendering it stable in solution. Artelinic acid and cyclodextrin are placed into contact with one another to yield a 2:1 molecular species. Artesunic acid and cyclodextrin yield a 1:1 molecular species. The complexed cyclodextrin artemisinin formulation is effective for the treatment of malaria and is stable in solution for long periods of time.

Abstract: Novel arylisothiocyanate compounds are described that are useful for activating alcohol-containing macromolecules, for example polyethyleneglycols and cellulose, for covalent linkage to amino-groups of biomolecules, for example polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and proteins.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of blunting the postprandial glycemic response in a human by feeding an induced viscosity fiber system. The invention also relates to an induced viscosity fiber system and the liquid products that incorporate the induced viscosity fiber system. Further, the invention relates to a method of incorporating soluble fiber into a liquid product without the typical negative organoleptic or physical stability issues. The invention also relates to a method of inducing the feeling of fullness and satiety by feeding the induced viscosity fiber system.

Abstract: A non-synthetic biodegradable starch-based composition is described comprising starch, plasticizer, reinforcing filler, binder, in the presence or absence of alkali or salt, and water. The starch-based composition is subjected to transformation process to produce various foam-liked products, having closed cell structure with dense skin layer. These products are particularly suitable for use as disposal or single-used food packages or containers. These products are to substitute the shape bodies currently used made of plastic or plastic foam. A transformation process of the non-synthetic biodegradable starch-based composition into various foam-liked products is also described. The process is either injecting or compressing the starch-based composition and forming a desired shape in a closed mould at a temperature ranging from 150 to 300 degree Celcius until the gelatinization of starch has been accomplished.

Abstract: A composition for treating a disease affecting the hoof of an animal comprising an active ingredient and a colloid former is described. The active ingredient may comprise zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, an organic acid, an alkali metal salt or a mixture thereof. The composition as disclosed has the advantage that it is more effective at applying an active ingredient to a hoof than a conventional, non-colloid system.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of treating a human subject to prevent leakage of serum proteins from capillary endothelial junctions during a period of increased capillary permeability. The invention also provides a method for preventing the harmful effects of free radicals on cellular membranes and other organelles. The method comprises administering to a subject an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl starch and dextran of varying molecular sizes and at least one member of the group consisting of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, hydroxyethyl rutoside, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and vitamin C. The compositions contain the macromolecules in a molecular size and concentration to effectively stabilize the capillary membrane.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising at least one GHB moiety bonded to at least one physiologically compatible carrier molecule. The compositions can enhance the uptake of the drug, deliver effective therapeutic doses in a time-delayed fashion, or can target specific organs.