Abstract: The photostabilizing electronic excited state energy—particularly singlet state energy from retinoid compounds—has been found to be readily transferred to (accepted by) ?-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds having an alkoxy radical in the four (para) position (hereinafter “alkoxycrylenes”) on one of the phenyl rings having the formula (I): wherein one of R1 and R2 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkoxy radical, preferably C1-C8, more preferably methoxy, and the non-alkoxy radical R1 or R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkyl radical, preferably C2-C20. The alkoxycrylene compounds of formula (I) significantly increase the photostability of retinoid compounds in a composition by at least 3-fold and as much as 10-fold or greater. The ability of the alkoxycrylene compounds to stabilize the retinoid compound is concentration dependent, with the amount of retinoid photostabilization increasing with the concentration of the alkoxycrylene compound.

Abstract: An antifungal composition and penetrating carrier system for topical treatment of dermatophytic infection and secondary bacterial infections. The antifungal composition includes various fungistatic and fungicidal essential oil components, or combinations thereof. The penetrating carrier system may include various ingredients, including a penetration enhancer, such as isopropyl myristate.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient suffering from a wound, ulcer, or inflammation includes providing a topical formulation comprising a carrier and a combination of active ingredients that includes at least one retinoid and at least one blood vessel dilator, and applying the topical formulation to the skin of the patient to cause healing, accelerated healing or prevention of the wound, ulcer or inflammation. Additional active ingredients may include a promoter of mitochondrial function or an antioxidant.

Abstract: A method for treating skin, reducing oxidative damage to a skin cell, reducing lipoxygenase (LO) activity in a skin cell, reducing cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in a skin cell, reducing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) in a skin cell, or reduction matrix metalloproteinase enzyme activity in a skin cell comprising contacting skin or a skin cell with an aromatic skin-active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating a human or other mammal infected with a parasitic microorganism by administering an effective amount in unit dosage form of a C8-C16-alpha, beta-unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde, such as trans-2-dodecenal, to the human or other mammal. The parasitic microorganisms may include trypanosomes, bacteria, fungi and nematodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods to modulate ?-secretase and/or to improve cognitive ability. The invention further relates the improved/enhanced cognitive ability in diseased individuals, particularly Alzheimer's Disease patients, and treatment thereof through increased sAPP production. Macrocyclic lactones (i.e. bryostatin class and neristatin class) are compounds preferred for use with the present composition. The present invention also provides methods for increasing the generation of non-amyloidogenic soluble APP comprising the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by administering an effective amount of PKC activator(s).

Abstract: Methods, combinations and compositions for relieving or preventing the effects of stress are provided. In particular, combinations and compositions comprising cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal and ?-pinene, articles of manufacture impregnated with the combination or composition and methods of relieving stress by exposure to the combination or composition are described.

Abstract: A method for controlling pests and weeds on or around plants, especially crop plants is disclosed. The method includes admixing 2-propenal or other related enal compounds to form an aqueous solution, and applying the aqueous solution to plants, plant seeds, weeds, or soil around the around the area in which the plants grow.

Abstract: A method for controlling pests and weeds on or around plants, especially crop plants is disclosed. The method includes admixing 2-butenal, trans-2-pentenal or other related enal compounds to form an aqueous solution, and applying the aqueous solution to plants, plant seeds, weeds, or soil around the around the area in which the plants grow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for the treatment of pilosebaceous gland inflammations, especially of the hair follicle and its appendages, in particular of Acne Vulgaris and Folliculitis, comprising as active ingredient AIF or chemical compounds which finally release AIF, or combinations of aluminum and fluoride salts which finally release AIF. AIF in accordance with the present invention relates to Aluminum fluoride (Aluminum Trifluoride; Aluminum Fluoride), CAS No 7784-18-1, EINECS No. 232-051-1, having an empirical formula of AIF3. Said compositions have, inter alia, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or quasi-cosmetic properties. The present invention also relates to the use of said compositions in said treatment, and to methods for the treatment of pilosebaceous gland inflammations with said compositions.

Abstract: Highly flexible penetrating liposomal carrier systems are formulated with enhanced skin penetration properties. These specialized formulations of highly flexible penetrating liposomal delivery systems comprise one or more phospholipids, lysophosphatides and hydrophobic photosensitizer. This new formulations can squeeze liposomal particles through intercellular regions of stratum corneum as intact structures, and, in this way, deliver encapsulated photosensitizer to the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and surroundings. The penetrating liposomal formulation provides therapeutically effective amounts of the hydrophobic photosensitizer through topical application with better skin penetration thus improving drug targeting and the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Abstract: A process for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol using a supported transition metal catalyst has been developed. Examples of the transition metals which can be used are copper and palladium, while an example of a support is silica. Optionally, the catalyst can contain a modifier component such as cesium. Generally the process involves contacting a gas stream, comprising methane, a solvent such as trifluoroacetic acid and an oxidizing agent such as air or hydrogen peroxide with the catalyst, at oxidation conditions to produce a methyl ester, e.g. methyl trifluoroacetate. Finally, the methyl ester is hydrolyzed to yield a methanol product stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed method of killing nematodes comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a nematicidal composition comprising a terpene component and compositions suitable for use in the method. The terpene component is preferably in association with water, either as a solution or a suspension. An excipient may also be included, which is suitably hollow glucan particles which encapsulate the terpene component.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for attracting, capturing and killing populations of cotton boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boh.) in boll weevil traps are disclosed. With respect to the attraction and capture of boll weevils with Grandlure, the synthetic pheromone of the cotton boll weevil, there is generally an increased number of boll weevils captured in the trap cylinder when an insecticide dispenser is included in the trap cylinder to kill the weevils and thus prevent their escape. Additionally, dead boll weevils are more accurately counted than live boll weevils. The compound dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or DDVP) is the most preferred among those few insecticides that can be used in traps for killing and preventing weevil escapes. This is also the preferred insecticide when combined with Grandlure in a single dispenser to kill boll weevils or inhibit their ability to develop normally and reproduce.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition and methods of administering the composition, comprising Citronellol and its analogues and derivatives, to humans and other mammalian animals with peptic ulcers induced by alcohol consumption, H. pylori infection, stress and/or intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications.

Abstract: A sustained release microcapsule comprises (a) an interfacially-polymerized polymer shell comprising at least one shell stabilizer; and (b) a fill composition comprising (1) at least one semiochemical and (2) at least one fill stabilizer.

Abstract: Cells are rendered sensitive to stimulation by introducing into a non-photoreceptor cell nucleic acid sequences encoding at least an opsin gene product, an arrestin gene product, and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein of the Gq family. The introduced sequences are expressed by the cell to yield at least the opsin gene product, the arrestin gene product, and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein of the Gq family. Retinal or a derivative thereof capable of bonding with the opsin gene product to form a rhodopsin is provided to the cell. The cell is then irradiated with light having a wavelength capable of converting the rhodopsin to metarhodopsin. The conversion of rhodopsin to metarhodopsin triggers a cascade of intracellular responses within the cell resulting in an increased intracellular concentration of IP3 and calcium ions.

Abstract: This invention features fractionated oxidized carotenoid or retinoid mixtures, and individual components thereof, which are useful as cell-differentiation-inducing, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-tumor agents. The mixtures and compounds of the invention can be used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of abating hydrogen sulfide gas emitted by or generated in landfills. Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to contacting hydrogen sulfide gas with Fuller's earth or other carrier materials and metals such as silver, copper, iron, zinc or mixtures thereof, and other components.

Abstract: A substance delivery device includes a combustible paperboard strip and at least one substance toxic to insects and a perfume. The delivery device can take the form of a coil and includes a flexible backing sheet for supporting the combustible paperboard strip. The flexible backing sheet is not capable of combustion. Additionally, the material of the paperboard strip can include a combustion promoter.

Abstract: A composition including a bait and a borate is used to mitigate a population of target insects and/or mollusca. The composition may include attractive by-products of agriculture and manufacturing with or without semiochemicals or biopesticides prepared as point source units (such as pellets or microcapsules). The by-products attract insects and/or mollusca to a food source for the purpose of mitigating the target organism. The bait is combined with borates and is pelletized and/or encapsulated into micron size particles. The pelletized and/or encapsulated particles are broadcast (spread) over areas infested with the target insect. The insects ingest the composition and regurgitate the composition to the remainder of the insect population. Significant mitigation of the population of the target insects results with little to no effect on the environment. The composition is also passed on to the next generation due to cannibalism of the target insects.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systemic formulations comprising beta-carotene and a solubilizer selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and mixtures thereof. Generally, the formulations are administered to animals in need thereof in therapeutically effective amounts of beta-carotene for the purpose intended. The solubilizers greatly enhance the bioavailability of beta-carotene administered systemically. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for administering beta-carotene to an animal in need thereof by administering the formulation of the present invention. Yet another embodiment is a method for treating an animal in need thereof by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the formulation of the present invention. The invention includes a method for treating an animal suffering from or susceptible to sepsis by administering an effective amount for treating sepsis of the formulation of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention concerns a phytosanitary fungicide, bactericidal or bacteriostatic composition comprising at least a mineral salt, a copper oxide or hydroxide suspended in an aqueous emulsion of at least a terpene derivative.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for stabilizing opsin protein in a vertebrate visual system are provided by administration of opsin-binding synthetic retinoids.

Abstract: A substance for inducing apoptosis represented by specific formulae. A pharmaceutical composition which can be used for an anticancer agent containing said substance.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of polymers derived from acrolein and including poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid), characterised in that the polymers are exposed to the presence of water, whereby such polymers exhibit increased antimicrobial activity. The polymers may be heated in the range of 40 to 150° C. Further, the polymers may be prepared in the presence of polyethylene glycols, polyols and/or alkanols.

Abstract: A combination of volatile components which act synergistically to effectively attract yellowjackets in the Vespula species group is provided. A preferred formulation includes (E)-2-hexenal and linalool in the first component (A) and acetic acid and isobutanol in the second component (B). The two components are combined such that the vapors of the components blend to effectively attract the targeted yellowjackets. A dispenser may be utilized to release the vapors and may also be included within a trap to provide a means for monitoring or controlling the insects.

Abstract: Analogs related to oleamide are employed for potentiating the 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A responses to serotonin (5-HT). With respect to the potentiation of the 5-HT2A receptor response, it is disclosed that, of the naturally occurring fatty acids, the primary amide of oleic acid (oleamide) is the most effective potentiating agent of serotonin and that the potentiating activity of oleamide analogs is highly dependent upon their structural features. In particular, the presence, position, and stereochemistry of the 9-cis double bond is required and even subtle structural variations reduce or eliminate activity. Secondary or tertiary amides may replace the primary amide but follow a well-defined relationship requiring small amide substituents suggesting that the carboxamide serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor but not donor. Alternative modifications at the carboxamide as well as modifications of the methyl terminus or the hydrocarbon region spanning the carboxamide and double bond typically eliminate activity.

Abstract: Chronological aging of human skin can be delayed with the topical application of an MMP inhibitor, preferably a retinoid (an indirect MMP inhbitor); retinoids also normalize procollagen biosynthesis. Chronological aging, or natural aging, is evidenced in elderly (80+ years old) skin by increased MMP levels and decreased procollagen levels when compared with younger individuals. Prophylactic treatment of not yet chronologically-aged skin with a retinoid both inhibits degradation of dermal collagen and restores procollagen synthesis. Biopsied sections from elderly skin show that a single treatment of chronologically-aged skin with a retinoid can increase epidermal thickness, improve the dermal collagen density, and promote the formation of rete pegs and dermal papillae. Such benefits are helpful in preventing bruising, tearing, and ulceration of elderly skin. Accordingly, prophylactic treatment begun much earlier in life with an MMP inhibitor and/or a retinoid delays the onset of such symptoms.

Abstract: Methods of treating cyclooxygenase-2 mediated disorders comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more fluoro-substituted benzenesulfonyl compounds corresponding to Formula I: wherein A, X, n, R1, R2, and R3 are as described in the specification, and novel fluoro-substituted benzenesulfonyl compounds within Formula I.

Abstract: Formulations and methods for prevention and treatment of preneoplasia or neoplasia of the aerodigestive tract and lung by means of inhaled aerosol of retinoids, and 13-cis RA in particular.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions useful for skin and/or hair care that contain a retinoid in which the retinoid remains stable over a sustained period of time.

Abstract: There are provided methods of enhancing the appearance of human skin comprising applying a composition having (i) phytol in an amount about 0.0001 wt % to about 50 wt % based on the total weight of the composition, and (ii) at least one retinoid in an amount about 0.001 wt % to about 1.5 wt % based on the total weight of the composition. Alternatively, the composition used in the method for enhancing the appearance of human skin may have phytol and perilla oil.

Abstract: A method for preventing or combating chapping, tautness and/or redness comprising topical application onto skin or mucous membranes of a composition comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium, preferably from 0.00001 to 0.1% of a retinoid and/or a carotenoid, and preferably from 0.001 to 1% of acexamic acid or a salt thereof is provided.

Abstract: A composition of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenal in a weight ratio of about 50:50 to about 90:10 is a highly effective mating disruptant for the male Orange Tortrix and Omniverous Leafroller moths. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenal is about 75:25. The composition demonstrates biological activity in the form of enhanced mating disruption efficacy that is greater than any discovery or development to date for the Orange Tortrix of the Omniverous Leafroller.

Abstract: This invention features fractionated oxidized carotenoid or retinoid mixtures, and individual components thereof, which are useful as cell-differentiation-inducing, anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-tumor agents. The mixtures and compounds of the invention can be used alone or in combination with other anticancer agents for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: A mating disruption method for the control of insect pests comprises releasing a sex pheromone in a field wherein an adsorption of the sex pheromone to a soil in the field is decreased.

Abstract: A stabilized insect mating disruption pheromone compositions comprising an insect pheromone and 2,2′-Methylenebis(6-t-butyl-p-cresol). Methods of use and microcapsules containing these compositions are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions for repelling insects, particularly biting insects, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and biting flies comprising ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil obtained by flash chromatography or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil. Also provided are compositions for repelling insects comprising ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil further comprising at least one additional insect repellent. Methods of repelling insects, particularly biting insects, are provided comprising topically applying ratite oil, active fractions of ratite oil, or compositions comprising mixtures of fatty acids found in ratite oil; or ratite oil, active fractions thereof, or compositions comprising fatty acids found in ratite oil and further comprising at least one additional insect repellent.

Abstract: Novel bisexual attractants for lepidopterous insect pests isolated from pears or apples. A method for monitoring and control of codling moth and other species of Lepidoptera comprising a lure and kill, mating disruption or mass trapping strategy. A method of using a formulation containing the bisexual attractants with or without an insecticide and/or pheromone for control of the insect pests.

Abstract: Method for rendering a cell sensitive to stimulation. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises introducing, into a cell, nucleic acid sequences encoding at least an opsin gene product, an arrestin gene product, and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein of the Gq family. The introduced nucleic acid sequences are then expressed by the non-photoreceptor cell to yield at least the opsin gene product, the arrestin gene product, and the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein of the Gq family. Retinal or a derivative thereof capable of bonding with the opsin gene product to form a rhodopsin is then provided to the non-photoreceptor cell. The non-photoreceptor cell is then irradiated with light having a wavelength capable of converting the rhodopsin to metarhodopsin. The conversion of rhodopsin to metarhodopsin triggers a cascade of intracellular responses within the cell resulting in an increased intracellular concentration of IP3 and calcium ions leading to an action potential in the cell.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting phospholipase D-mediated degradation of membrane phospholipids comprising administering to the membrane an effective amount of a phospholipase D inhibitor selected from the group of phospholipase D inhibitors consisting of C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols, monoterpene aldehydes and monoterpene alcohols. The phospholipid D inhibitors can be administered to plants, fruits or vegetables to inhibit maturation or ripening.

Abstract: Rosacea is treated with a composition comprising an antimicrobial and at least one of an anti-inflammatory and a non-retinoid inhibitor of at least one of NF-k&bgr;, AP-1, MMPs, adhesion molecules, TLRs, and CD14. The composition may further comprise a retinoid.

Abstract: The composition for hardening, strengthening and restructuring keratin-containing materials and/or for increasing the volume of keratin-containing fibers, such as hair, contains from 0.3 to 50.0% by weight of one or more reductones, each having a —(HO)C═C(OH)— group. The reductone ingredient is preferably ascorbic or isoascorbic acid, a salt of ascorbic or isoascorbic acid, such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, an ester of ascorbic or isoascorbic acid, 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbate, ascorbyl phosphate, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-propenal and hydroxypropanedial. A method of treating keratin-containing materials or fibers to harden, strengthen and restructure keratin-containing materials and/or to increase the volume of the keratin-containing fibers by applying this composition and allowing it to act is described. A method of pre-treating keratin-containing material that is to be subjected to a chemical or physical treatment, such as dyeing or permanent shaping is also described.

Abstract: The use of terpenes for reducing the pheromone action on Lepidoptera and a method which allows terpenes to act on the habitat of the Lepidoptera are described.

Abstract: The use of menthyl 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate as an insect repellent, usually by application to a substrate or into an air space. The menthyl 2-pyrrolidone-5-arboxylate can be used as a composition, which may be perfumed. A useful composition comprises a mixture of menthyl 2-pyrrolidone-5-arboxylate and a known insect repellent or a compound shown to be an effective insect repellent on a test described herein.

Abstract: A method to reduce the gastro-intestinal bacterial load by feeding a diet or a solution containing a terpene, terpene mixture or a liposome-terpene combination 1 to 25 days before slaughter.

Abstract: A method for improving the integrity of the corneal epithelium by introducing into the eye an effective amount of a ophthalmically compatible retinoid sufficient to enhance the integrity of the corneal epithelium.

Abstract: Retinoid compounds which act specifically or selectively on RAR&agr; receptor subtypes in preference over RAR&bgr; and RAR&Ggr; receptor subtypes, posses desirable pharmaceutical properties associated with retinoids, and are particularly suitable for treatment of tumors, such as acute monocytic leukemia, cervical carcinoma, myeloma, ovarian carcinomas and head and neck carcinomas, without having one or more undesirable side effects of retinoids, such as inducement of weight loss, mucocutaneous toxicity, skin irritation and teratogenecity.

Abstract: Skin care compositions comprising a water-in-oil emulsion base containing retinoids and possessing good physical and chemical stability.