Abstract: The present invention provides a composition, and a method of use thereof, that is pesticide-free and yet is capable of cleansing an individual of a pest infestation. The composition of the present invention consists essentially of an acid, an alcohol, an aqueous detergent and water. The composition is used in the removal of pests and their ova from infested individuals. Preferably, the composition of the present invention takes the form of a shampoo and is used to cleanse individuals of lice infestations. In use, the composition is applied to hair and allowed to remain in contact with the hair and scalp for a period of time, called the residence time. After the residence time, the composition is rinsed from the hair. Then, the hair is combed with a suitable nit comb. These treatment steps may be repeated as necessary and appropriate to effectuate the removal of the pest infestation.

Abstract: A plant of the species Leptospermum liversidgei which is able to block the carbon dioxide message to mosquitoes and/or fleas within the vicinity of its locus. The present invention also provides a crude or refined essential oil extract from the said plant. Another aspect of the invention provides a method for repelling mosquitoes and/or fleas comprising the cultivation of the said plant. A further aspect of the invention provides another method for repelling mosquitoes and/or fleas comprising the use of the said essential oil extract from the said plant.

Abstract: Novel bisexual attractants for lepidopterous insect pests isolated from pears or apples. A method for monitoring and control of codling moth and other species of Lepidoptera comprising a lure and kill, mating disruption or mass trapping strategy. A method of using a formulation containing the bisexual attractants with or without an insecticide and/or pheromone for control of the insect pests.

Abstract: Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid primary amide that possesses sleep-inducing properties in animals and has been shown to effect seratonergic systems and block gap junction communication in a structurally specific manner. Certain agents can serve both as an oleamide agonist and as an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase. Fatty acid amide hydrolase is responsible for the rapid inactivation of oleamide in vivo. The structural features of oleamide required for inhibition of gap junction-mediated chemical and electrical transmission in rat glial cells are defined. Effective inhibitors fall into two classes of fatty acid primary amides of which oleamide and arachidonamide are the prototypical members. Of these two, oleamide constitutes the most effective and its structural requirements for inhibition of the gap junction are well defined.

Abstract: Pest infestations of plant materials are controlled by the application of vaporized organic aldehydes of 3 or more carbon atoms, with at least the initial part of the exposure being performed under a subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Disorders of the skin and mucous membranes that have a disrupted or dysfunctional epidermal barrier are treated or prevented by topical application of compounds that are either activators of the farnesoid X receptor, activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &agr;, and oxysterol activators of the LXR&agr; receptor. The same compounds are also effective in treating disorders of epidermal differentiation and proliferation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for attracting, killing, and/or neutering populations of boll weevils and other insects which spend the winter in areas with thick vegetation are disclosed. With respect to boll weevils, certain plant compounds, when presented along with Grandlure, the synthetic pheromone of the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boh.), increase the capture of boll weevils by as much as 50% as compared to Grandlure alone. The compounds, beta-caryophyllene, eugenol and myrcene, are among those present in leaves in overwintering sites favored by boll weevils. With respect to controlling boll weevil populations, the compounds can be used alone, in combination with Grandlure, and/or in combination with compounds which are toxic to boll weevils or which inhibit their ability to develop normally or reproduce.

Abstract: Pesticides for the extermination of terrestrial arthropods are disclosed which comprise formulations of a combination of terpenes in aqueous solutions which may be used together with citral. No resistance to the formulations of the invention has been seen. When used on the scalp or body for lice infestation no extended dwell time is required. The formulations do not have unpleasant odors. The formulations are directed towards providing topical preparations which may be used on the skin, scalp and hairy body parts of humans and animals, sprays for use directly against terrestrial arthropods, a dipping solution for combs and a laundry additive, amongst others.

Abstract: The present invention provides an composition for attracting noctuid and/or other lepidopteran species. Liquid and solid formulations are provided, along with methods for their use, for controlling or eliminating noctuid and/or other lepidopteran species, and/or protecting plants susceptible to noctuid and/or other lepidopteran species damage.

Abstract: The instant invention is concerned with acetylphenols which are useful as antiobesity and antidiabetic compounds. Compositions and methods for the use of the compounds in the treatment of diabetes and obesity and for lowering or modulating triglyceride levels and cholesterol levels or raising high density lipoprotein levels or for increasing gut motility or for treating atherosclerosis are also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-toxic arthropod control composition is disclosed for application to foliage for plant protection. The composition includes behavior interfering compounds, agricultural oil and/or surface active compounds and diluents. The behavior interfering compounds may be any known conventional compound capable of interrupting or altering the normal behavioral sequences of the target. The agricultural oil can be a vegetable oil.

Abstract: Somatic mammary cells are defended from an action of glucocorticoid hormones by an insect pheromones of non-steroid nature, its derivative or a synthetic analog.

Abstract: Sarcodictyin A and B, eleutherobin, and bioactive analogs thereof synthesized using solid phase and solution phase chemistries. The synthetic method employs an attachment of common precursors, e.g., compounds 1880 or 200, on a solid support for generating conjugates 230 and 240, followed by standard chemical manipulations. A combinatorial library of sarcodictyins and eletherobin analogs was constructed with modified C-8 ester, C-15 ester and C-4 ketal functionalities and was screened for activity with respect to tubulin polymerization and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, including Taxol-resistant lines. Compounds 600, 610, 630, 660-700, 730, 760, 850, and 920 were identified to be of equal or superior biological activities as compared to their corresponding natural product.

Abstract: For the first time, certain retinoids with a side chain terminal CH.sub.2 OH group or ester or ether thereof or aldehyde rather than a side chain terminal COOH group and substitution at the 4-position have been indicated to bind to nuclear receptors and to be biologically active in inducing cell differentiation of normal and tumor cells. These compounds activate gene expression through binding to nuclear receptor proteins. These compounds induce differentiation in normal and cancer cells and are useful for treating leukemias, and lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, deep (cystic) acne, psoriasis and photodamaged or aging skin. These compounds have stability and in vitro half-life advantages over and solubility differences from all-trans-retinoic acid and activity advantages over 13-cis retinoic acid.

Abstract: Acrolein-releasing emulsion homopolymers release acrolein in aqueous systems. They are produced by adding acrolein, at least 95% by weight pure, to a solution of an alkali hydroxide, with the temperature not exceeding 25.degree. C. during the addition, and then adjusting the pH to 5 to 7 by adding a mineral acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pesticidal composition with an extraordinarily lethal effectiveness that can also be used to remove and repel parasites, such as lice. The pesticidal composition preferably contains a cleansing agent and a pesticidal agent such as citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl or a mixture thereof. The composition more preferably utilizes citronellyl acetate as the pesticidal agent. The compositions can be administered topically to humans, animals or any infested areas.

Abstract: Closely related formulations of GRAS food additives serve as insect repellents, insecticides and larvicides. The ingredients of the repellent, insecticide and larvicide also exhibit useful disinfectant properties against vector-borne pathogenic micro-organisms.

Abstract: Described is a composition which is both an insect repellent and a perfume containing:Para-isopropylcyclohexanol;3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al;5,9-dimethyl-4,8-decadienal;p-mentha-1,8-diene;o-methyl-betaphenylethyl alcohol; and4-cyclooctenyl methyl carbonate.Also described is a method of using such formulation in order to repel insects.

Abstract: Biowaste treatment agents for treating biowastes in a manner which: (a) keeps noxious and toxic substances from being released from the biowaste, and (b) neutralizes such substances released during the course of stabilizing the biowaste. The treatment agents include a surfactant in an amount of from 1.0 to 99 percent of the treatment agent, a metal component in an amount from 0.5 to 85 percent of the treatment agent, the metal component including a source of zinc, or copper, or a combination of copper with aluminum or iron, and an aldehyde in an amount from 0.1 to 80 percent of the treatment agent.

Abstract: A composition which is capable of releasing acrolein and is easy to handle contains (i) an acetal of acrolein with a C.sub.1-6 alcohol with 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups and (ii) an acid soluble therein and chemically compatible with a pK.sub.s value of less than 4 and (iii) is anhydrous. A preferred composition contains 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane as acetal, anhydrous oxalic acid, fumaric acid or maleic acid or a mixture of mono- and di(C.sub.1 - to C.sub.3 -)alkyl phosphate as acid and, in addition, a non-ionic surfactant. The acrolein is released at the site of use upon contact with for example water for the purpose of combatting microbial, vegetable and animal pests.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting the production of mycotoxins in plants, crops, animal feedstuffs and foodstuffs are described. Also described are methods of treating microbial infection in plants.

Abstract: Described is a method of repelling Aedes aegypti for a finite period of time from a three-dimensional space inhabited by Aedes aegypti consisting essentially of the step of exposing a three-dimensional space to an effective Aedes aegypti-repelling concentration and quantity of an unsaturated aldehyde or alcohol derivative-containing composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(i) a mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR1## and (ii) a compound having the structure: ##STR2##

Abstract: A composition and method of inhibiting tumor growth and treating malignant melanoma without toxic side effects are disclosed. Betulinic acid or a betulinic acid derivative is the active compound of the composition, which is topically applied to the situs of tumor. Betulinic acid is obtained by the steps of preparing an extract from the stem bark of Ziziphus mauritiana to mediate selective cytotoxic profile against human melanoma in the subject panel of human cancer cell lines, conducting a bioassay-directed fractionation based on the profile of biological activity using cultured human melanoma cells as the monitor, and obtaining betulinic acid.

Abstract: Closely related formulations of GRAS food additives serve as insect repellents, insecticides and larvicides. The ingredients of the repellent, insecticide and larvicide also exhibit useful disinfectant properties against vector-borne pathogenic microorganisms.

Abstract: Skin care compositions comprising a water-in-oil emulsion base containing retinoids and possessing good physical and chemical stability.

Abstract: An insect repellent is provided and includes terpineol, citronella, and one or both of rhodinol extra and geraniol as actives provided in a conveying medium. The actives are used in small percentages, e.g. as little as 0.01%, preferably at between 0.05% and 0.08%, and preferably less than 1%, yet are synergistically efficacious, particularly against ticks carrying Lyme disease. The conveying medium can be a cosmetic moisturizer lotion, with or without a sun screen. For a spray, the conveying medium can be water or alcohol based. An attractive fragrance is preferably provided as approximately 0.4% of the insect repellent The lotion or spray is safely applied in liberal quantities to humans and animals without unpleasant side effects such as stinging.

Abstract: Insect repellent blends, lotions, and sprays are provided. The insect repellent blend includes citronella, geraniol, crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol (Chinese crystal), and terpineol and/or rhodinol. Preferably, the blend is dissolved or dispersed in a conveying medium so that the resulting product has weight percentages of approximately 0.05% citronella, approximately 0.06% geraniol, approximately 0.08 to 0.5% crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol approximately 0.06% terpineol and/or approximately 0.08% rhodinol (extra). Four embodiments were tested against the efficacy of the individual ingredients and against an inert control. The interaction of ingredients in each of the embodiments was found by statistical analysis to be synergistic. The embodiments containing higher concentrations of the crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol were found to have greater efficacy than the embodiments containing lower concentrations of crystalline 3,8 P-menthanediol.

Abstract: The present invention provides antimicrobial compositions, especially compositions comprising an antimicrobial (microbiocidal or microbiostatic) compound and a potentiator of antimicrobial activity. Compositions of the invention combining an antimicrobial compound and a potentiator are able to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms using much lower concentrations of the antimicrobial compound. The potentiator also enhances the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds against resistant strains of the microorganism.

Abstract: Biowaste treatment agents for treating biowastes in a manner which: (a) keeps noxious and toxic substances from being released from the biowaste, and (b) neutralizes such substances released during the course of stabilizing the biowaste. The treatment agents include a surfactant in an amount of from 1.0 to 99 percent of the treatment agent, a metal component in an amount from 0.5 to 85 percent of the treatment agent, the metal component including a source of zinc, or copper, or a combination of copper with aluminum or iron, and an aldehyde in an amount from 0.1 to 80 percent of the treatment agent.

Abstract: Skin care compositions comprising a water-in-oil emulsion base containing retinoids and at least one imidazole in a free base form and possessing good physical and chemical stability.

Abstract: The use of active gibberellins for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of prostatitis. The method results in a decrease in prostate mass.

Abstract: A method is described for alleviating the symptoms of non-rheumatoid arthritis by administering to the afflicted subject a therapeutically effective amount of cetyl myristoleate either orally, topically, or parenterally.

Abstract: Skin care compositions comprising a water-in-oil emulsion base containing retinoids and possessing good physical and chemical stability. The retinoids suitable for use in these skin care compositions include Vitamin A alcohol, Vitamin A aldehyde, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising in combination, a retinoid and a sterol inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol, is disclosed wherein a synergistic effect, principally in the treatment of disorders of epidermic keratinization, disorders of epidermic or epithelial proliferation and/or disorders of sebaceous function, is exhibited.

Abstract: Therapeutic as well as preventive measures to improve cosmetic conditions and to alleviate the symptoms of dermatologic disorders with retinal and its derivatives is disclosed. Cosmetic conditions and dermatologic disorders in humans and domestic animals in which retinal and its derivatives may be useful include age spots, wrinkles, warts, eczema, seborrheic keratoses, acne, oily skin, psoriasis, dandruff, xerosis, inflammatory and pruritic skin, disturbed keratinization, skin changes associated with aging and possibly viral infections. Retinal and its derivatives include their stereoisomers, for example, all-trans, 13-cis, 11-cis, 9-cis, 7-cis, 11,13-cis and 9,13-cis vitamin A aldehydes, their hydrate, hemiacetal and acetal forms, and their adduct compounds. Compositions containing retinal or its derivative may be administered systemically such as orally, or topically to the affected areas of the skin.

Abstract: Retinoids are effective to lower plasma levels of Lp (a) in mammals.

Abstract: Alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates are more effective than their saturated aldehyde sulfoxylate counterparts as systemic pesticides for protecting plants.

Abstract: Derivatives of long-chain fatty alcohols, and methods of obtaining them, are provided, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing derivatives and their uses, in particular in treating or preventing neuro-degenerative illnesses, conditions linked to skin ageing, the phenomena of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, and immune deficiencies.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel class of anti-androgenic compounds including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, their derivatives, and synthetic analogs, according to the following formula:CH.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.a --(CR.sub.1 R.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH).sub.b --(CH.sub.2).sub.c --COOH,wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each either hydrogen or a halogen; wherein a and c are integers from 0-9; wherein b is an integer from 1-6, provided that12<a+c+(3.times.b).ltoreq.22.Also disclose are methods of synthesis of these compounds, and their use in treating disorders associated with androgenic activities. Also disclosed is the use of known compounds not previously known for their anti-androgenic activity in treating disorders related to androgenic activities.

Abstract: Synthetically prepared pheromone compositions, prepared from various mixtures of (Z)-3,3-dimethyl-.DELTA..sup.1,.beta. -cyclohexane ethanol, (E)-3,3-dimethyl .DELTA..sup.1,.beta. -cyclohexane ethanol, (Z)-3,3-dimethyl-.DELTA..sup.1,.alpha. -cyclohexane acetaldehyde, (E)-3,3-dimethyl-.DELTA..sup.1,.alpha. -cyclohexane acetaldehyde, (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol were found to be attractive to both male and female pepper weevils. The compositions will greatly enhance pepper growers' ability to control these destructive pests.

Abstract: Described is the use of a mixture of aldehydes and ketones having the structures: ##STR1## containing from 45-60 mole percent of the compound having the structure: ##STR2## from 15-20 mole percent of the compound having the structure: ##STR3## and from 25-35 mole percent of the compound having the structure: ##STR4## in repelling Aedes aegyptae.

Abstract: Biowaste treatment agents for treating biowastes in a manner which: (a) keeps noxious and toxic substances from being released from the biowaste, and (b) neutralizes such substances released during the course of stabilizing the biowaste. The treatment agents include a surfactant in an amount of from 1.0 to 99 percent of the treatment agent, a metal component in an amount from 0.5 to 85 percent of the treatment agent, the metal component including a source of zinc, or copper, or a combination of copper with aluminum or iron, and an aldehyde in an amount from 0.1 to 80 percent of the treatment agent.

Abstract: An insect repellent is provided and includes terpineol, citronella, and one or both of rhodinol extra and geraniol as actives provided in a conveying medium. The actives are used in small percentages, e.g. as little as 0.01%, preferably at between 0.05% and 0.08%, and preferably less than 1% yet are , synergistically efficacious, particularly against ticks carrying Lyme disease. The conveying medium can be a cosmetic moisturizer lotion, with or without a sun screen. For a spray, the conveying medium can be water or alcohol based. An attractive fragrance is preferably provided as approximately 0.4% of the insect repellent. The lotion or spray is safely applied in liberal quantities to humans and animals without unpleasant side effects such as stinging.

Abstract: Disinfectant mixture containing water soluble lubricating and cleaning agents comprising a water-based polymer serving as a water-based lubricant, a disinfectant and deionized water.

Abstract: A composition for preventing or limiting the attack and infestation of trees by pine bark beetles, by inhibiting the response of the beetles to their aggregation pheromones. The composition comprises a green leaf volatile selected form six carbon alcohols, aldehydes, their derivatives such as acetates, and mixtures thereof. The green leaf volatile may be employed alone or in combination with an additional, known inhibitor of the pheromone response of the beetle.

Abstract: An insect repellent is provided and includes terpineol, citronella, and one or both of rhodinol extra and geraniol as actives provided in a conveying medium. The actives are used in small percentages, e.g. as little as 0.01%, preferably at between 0.05% and 0.08%, and preferably less than 1%, yet are synergistically efficacious, particularly against ticks carrying Lyme disease. The conveying medium can be a cosmetic moisturizer lotion, with or without a sun screen. For a spray, the conveying medium can be water or alcohol based. An attractive fragrance is preferably provided as approximately 0.4% of the insect repellent. The lotion or spray is safely applied in liberal quantities to humans and animals without unpleasant side effects such as stinging.

Abstract: Therapeutic as well as preventive measures to improve cosmetic conditions and to alleviate the symptoms of dermatologic disorders with retinal and its derivatives is disclosed. Cosmetic conditions and dermatologic disorders in humans and domestic animals in which retinal and its derivatives may be useful include age spots, wrinkles, warts, eczema, seborrheic keratoses, acne, oily skin, psoriasis, dandruff, xerosis, inflammatory and pruritic skin, disturbed keratinization skin changes associated with aging and possibly viral infections. Retinal and its derivatives include their stereoisomers, for example, all-trans, 13-cis, 11-cis, 9-cis, 7-cis, 11,13-cis and 9,13-cis vitamin A aldehydes, their hydrate, hemiacetal and acetal forms, and their adduct compounds. Compositions containing retinal or its derivative may be administered systemically such as orally, or topically to the affected areas of the skin.

Abstract: This invention relates to the generation of acrolein from an acetal of acrolein via exposure to a sulfonic acid reusable catalytic material. The acrolein acetals have the following general structures; ##STR1## where R may or may not be equal to R' and R/R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons; and ##STR2## where R is a cyclic diol derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol hexoses or polysaccharides.

Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing synthesis gas for hydrocarbon synthesis includes autothermally reforming a natural gas (CH.sub.4) feed with oxygen, steam and recycled carbon dioxide and, optionally, recycled hydrocarbon by-products from the hydrocarbon synthesis step. The reforming is carried out in an autothermal reformer comprising a first monolithic catalyst zone utilizing a palladium and platinum containing catalyst followed by a second platinum group metal steam reforming zone. The product of the autothermal reformer comprises hydrogen, carbon oxides and water. Carbon dioxide and water are removed from the reformer effluent and recycled to the reformer. The resulting synthesis gas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a selected ratio for passage to, e.g., a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Light and heavy hydrocarbon by-products of the Fischer-Tropsch process may be recycled to the autothermal reformer.

Abstract: Compounds useful in treating or preventing gastrointestinal ulcers and in treating cardiovascular disorders such as thrombosis, hypertension and atherosclerosis are depicted in formulas (1), (2) and (3): ##STR1## wherein: A is --C.tbd.C--, trans --HC.dbd.CH--, trans --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --;X is lower alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms;Y is hydrogen, exo-(lower alkyl) or endo-(lower alkyl);n is an integer from 2-4;R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.2 OH, --CHO, --CO.sub.2 R or --CO.sub.2 H, and the olefin formed by the R.sub.1 (CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.dbd. moiety is either (E) or (Z);R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl, or optionally --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 when A is trans --CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --; andR.sub.3 is linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having 5-10 carbon atoms, ##STR2## --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -phenyl or CH.sub.2 O-phenyl; in which each phenyl may be optionally substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, or halogen.