Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, i.e. which have amphiphilic character, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one film former and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: The invention discloses an efficient and convenient method for the preparation of an aqueous emulsion of an organopolysiloxane having long-chain alkyl groups bonded to the silicon atoms. Instead of dispersing and emulsifying an organopolysiloxane modified in advance with long-chain alkyl groups in an aqueous medium, as is the case in the prior art method, an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms and a long-chain &agr;-olefin compound are co-emulsified in an aqueous medium containing a surface active agent and this aqueous emulsion is heated under agitation with addition of a catalytic platinum compound so as to effect the in situ hydrosilation reaction between the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane and the ethylenically unsaturated bonds in the &agr;-olefin compound. The aqueous emulsion prepared by the inventive method exhibits excellent stability against long-term storage, dilution with water and mechanical shearing force.

Abstract: In a water-continuous system and a polymerization method, the water-continuous system comprises a polymerizable aromatic compound as an oil, water and a non-ionic surfactant, wherein the polymerizable aromatic compound is a component from the group consisting of: thiophene, furan and alkyl, alkoxy or alkylenedioxy derivatives of thiophene and furan. The non-ionic surfactant is an alkyl polyethoxylate and/or an alkyl polyglucoside.

Abstract: A polymer encapsulated solid-liquid or a solid-solid phase change material for use in a fluid coolant heat exchange system is disclosed. The resulting coolant has a higher heat transfer rate than a conventional fluid due to the utilization of the heat of fusion of the material. Thus provided, the improved coolant will allow down sizing of the coolant pump and subsequent reduction of parasitic loading. Engine heat up time can be increased due to the lower coolant flow rate and heat transfer capability at below operating range temperatures.

Abstract: Animal attractant bubbles are formed utilizing a bubble forming solution which includes a sufficient amount of a surface active agent to form the bubbles and a sufficient amount of a animal attractant agent, such as natural or artificial female animal estrous, to provide the attractant characteristic of the bubbles. The animal attractant agent may be natural or synthetic extracts, oils, olifactory agents, perfumes, and fragrances of plants.

Abstract: An oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion (O/W/O) comprising a first oil-in-water emulsion dispersed in a second oil, and a method of preparing the same. The O/W/O emulsion can be used as a drive fluid in an enhanced oil recovery process. The O/W/O emulsion of this invention may also be used as a lubricant, and has the beneficial property of being resistant to shear forces.

Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrocarbon in water emulsion, comprising the steps of providing a liquid additive that tends to gel when mixed with water at temperatures less than a gelling temperature TG; providing a stream of water at a temperature TC less than the gelling temperature TG; feeding said stream to a mixer having a mixer inlet so as to impart energy to the stream; adding the liquid additive to the stream downstream of the mixer inlet, whereby the liquid additive mixes with the stream and the energy inhibits gelling of the liquid additive so as to provide a substantially homogeneous solution of the liquid additive in the water; and mixing the solution with a hydrocarbon in a mixer so as to form a hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion. In further accordance with the invention, different emulsions can be formed and combined so as to provide a combined emulsion having desired properties.

Abstract: Provided is a curable fluid with relatively low viscosity capable of forming a polymeric composition, subsequent to exposure to cure conditions. Also provided are coated articles made of substrates coated by such compositions, and further provided are composite articles made of substrates bonded by such compositions; further provided are methods of making such coated and composite articles.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for emulsifying, without grinding, a silicone in water in the presence of a surfactant, at a temperature less than 60° C. and under shearing at less than 100 s−, comprising steps which consist in: a) preparing a primary oil-in-water emulsion including said surfactant and said silicone under shearing at less than 100 s−, by adding an aqueous phase to an oily phase comprising said silicone; b) enriching the resulting emulsion with an enriching oily phase comprising said silicone by mixing, under shearing at less than 100 s−, and c) if required, repeating one or several times the operation at step b) until the desired concentration in surfactant and/or silicone in the final emulsion is obtained and/or until the desired particle size distribution is obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing a hydrocarbon in water emulsion, comprising the steps of providing a liquid additive that tends to gel when mixed with water at temperatures less than a gelling temperature TG; providing a stream of water at a temperature Tc less than the gelling temperature TG; feeding said stream to a mixer having a mixer inlet so as to impart energy to the stream; adding the liquid additive to the stream downstream of the mixer inlet, whereby the liquid additive mixes with the stream and the energy inhibits gelling of the liquid additive so as to provide a substantially homogeneous solution of the liquid additive in the water; and mixing the solution with a hydrocarbon in a mixer so as to form a hydrocarbon-in-water emulsion. In further accordance with the invention, different emulsions can be formed and combined so as to provide a combined emulsion having desired properties.

Abstract: A process for preparing a bimodal emulsion of viscous hydrocarbon in water includes the steps of providing a stream of water at ambient temperature providing at least one liquid additive that tends to gel when mixed with water at temperatures less than a gelling temperature TG heating said stream to provide a heated stream at a temperature Tc which is greater than ambient temperature and less than said gelling temperature TG feeding said heated stream to a mixer having a mixer inlet so as to impart energy to said heated stream adding said liquid additive to said heated stream downstream of said mixer inlet, whereby said liquid additive mixes with said stream and said energy inhibits gelling of said liquid additive so as to provide a substantially homogeneous solution of additive in water dividing said solution into a first portion and a second portion mixing said first portion with a viscous hydrocarbon in a first dynamic mixer so as to provide a first hydrocarbon in water emulsion having a first average drop

Abstract: A method for in situ forming of an unstable oil in water emulsion includes the steps of providing a mixture of an aqueous alkali salt solution and a surfactant, and pumping the mixture down a well containing a crude hydrocarbon having an API gravity of less than or equal to 26 so as to provide an unstable emulsion in the well, the unstable emulsion having the hydrocarbon as a dispersed phase and the solution as a continuous phase and having a ratio by weight of the hydrocarbon to the solution of at least about 50:50.

Abstract: Topically applicable, cosmetic/dermatological artificial tanning emulsions devoid of certain flavylium salts include (a) at least one aqueous phase and (b) at least one fatty phase, (c) an effective artificial tanning amount of at least one sorghum extract, and (d) at least one organomodified silicone.

Abstract: Internal softness and surface smoothness are obtainable for textiles on treating them with a composition containing amino-functional polyorganosiloxanes. The composition may be prepared by simply mixing two separately prepared polysiloxane emulsions. Each emulsion contains an amino-functional polyorganosiloxane having a certain minimum content of nitrogen. One of the two separately prepared emulsions is a macroemulsion, the other a microemulsion.

Abstract: A production process for a trialkylsiloxy silicate emulsion is provided. In this process, (A) an organodisiloxane, and (B) a tetraalkoxysilane and/or a partial hydrolysis-condensation product thereof are added to an aqueous solution including a surfactant, so that the molar ratio of R3SiO0.5 units within the constituent (A) relative to SiO4/2 units within the constituent (B) is within a range from 0.5 to 2.0, and subsequent polymerization is then conducted at 30 to 90° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel emulsion formulations which comprise oil bodies. The invention also provides a method for preparing the emulsions and the use of the emulsions in products for topical application to the skin. The products are very mild to the skin and may be easily formulated into a wide variety of personal care and dermatological products.

Abstract: An emulsion comprising an organic discontinous phase which is distributed through a continuous aqueous phase, wherein the organic phase comprises a light sensitive active ingredient, and the emulsion is stabilised by a water soluble stabilising material in the aqueous phase, wherein the water-soluble stabilising material is a water-soluble stabilising polymer which has a plurality of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups and is selected from partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate and addition copolymers formed from (i) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters and (ii) at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, and wherein the organic phase further comprises, a) an organic solvent which is a liquid at 25° C. and/or b) an organic phase stabilising material comprises hydrophobic moieties and is a material which is more soluble in the organic phase than the aqueous phase.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of aqueous floor covering adhesives without the addition of solvents, high-boiling solvents, or plasticizers and with the use of a non-carboxylated styrene/butadiene (SBR) dispersion and of an agent providing initial adhesion, a melt of the agent providing initial adhesion, for example a resin with a melting point of 45 to 98° C., is added to the SBR dispersion under high shear forces for the purpose of obtaining a durably stable emulsion which provides not only high initial adhesion, but also high final strength.

Abstract: An inorganic composition comprises an inorganic matrix, wherein an inorganic layered compound is contained in the inorganic matrix. The inorganic matrix is preferably a metal oxide glass produced by a sol-gel method, and the inorganic layered compound is preferably swelling synthetic mica. A method of producing a film includes the steps of: hydrolyzing, dehydrating, and condensing an organic metal compound to obtain a reaction product; adding and dispersing the inorganic layered compound in the reaction product; coating the reaction product containing the inorganic layered compound on a substrate surface; and heating the substrate surface coated with the reaction product at a temperature of not more than 200° C. to vitrify the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel emulsion formulations which comprise oil bodies. The invention also provides a method for preparing the emulsions and the use of the emulsions in products for topical application to the skin. The products are very mild to the skin and may be easily formulated into a wide variety of personal care and dermatological products.

Abstract: Oral care compositions comprising chlorine dioxide and excipients, including flavoring agents and ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil having ethoxylation numbers from about 35 to about 60. The flavoring agents become bound to the hydrophobic end of the ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil molecule and become encapsulated within the molecule as the hydrophilic end of the ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil wraps around the flavoring agent. The flavoring agent does not undergo oxidation. The oral care compositions do not develop either a chlorine odor or yellowing discoloration. The oral care compositions can be packaged, stored, sold and used in a single package.

Abstract: Subterranean formation treating fluid concentrates, treating fluids and methods are provided by the present invention. The treating fluid concentrates are basically comprised of water and a substantially fully hydrated depolymerized polymer. The treating fluids which are formed by adding water to the treating fluid concentrates are basically comprised of water, a substantially fully hydrated depolymerized polymer and a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the hydrated depolymerized polymer.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aqueous colloidal dispersion of the aqueous colloidal nanometric type wherein the mean colloidal particle diameter is not more than 6 nm, said dispersion comprising: (1) at least a metal M compound, said metal M being a majority metal in the dispersion, selected among the group consisting of aluminium, zirconium and metals or the periodic table whereof the atomic number is between 22 and 31; and (2) at least a complexing agent having a pKs(M) (cologarithm of the dissociation constant of the complex formed by the complexing agent and the cation of said metal M) more than 2. The invention also concerns the method for preparing said dispersion. The resulting dispersion can in particular be used for preparing anti-UV filters, in catalysis, or as reinforcement of polymeric or mineral matrices.

Abstract: A composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion containing, in a physiologically acceptable medium, an oily phase dispersed in an aqueous phase, the aqueous phase containing particles of a noncrosslinked silicone copolymer and at least one amphiphilic surfactant capable of forming liquid crystals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising ubiquinone having superior dispersion-stability in an aqueous solution and high bioavailability.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer composition for flexibilizing building materials, in the form of their aqueous dispersion or of powder redispersible in water, containing a) at least one water-insoluble, film-forming polymer of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free radical polymerization, b) at least one compound from the group consisting of the water-soluble polymers of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free radical polymerization, and the ionic and nonionic emulsifiers, and c) a mixture of at least two organosilicon compounds, at least one of which is an amino-functional organosilicon compound present in salt form.

Abstract: Method and compositions are provided for preparing concentrated emulsions of organic compounds which are recalcitrant to aqueous solubilization. The compositions are useful for increasing the practical utility of aqueous-recalcitrant compounds for a variety of established functions. The highly concentrated emulsions are prepared through a two step mixing process. The invention is exemplified by preparation of stable saponin-based emulsions containing greater than 50% by weight benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, cedryl acetate, D- or L-limonene, cinnamic aldehyde, and vanillin.

Abstract: The cross-linked hydrosilylation reaction product of an alkenyl functional silicone compound, a silylhydride functional silicone compound, and one or more allyl started, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or acyl terminated polyether compounds exhibits stability, compatibility with polar organic solvents and is useful as a component in personal care compositions.

Abstract: A hydrophilic powder such as silica, adapted for dispersion in organic solvents and polymers, is provided with a coating over the outer surface of the powder particles to modify the surface characteristic from polar to non-polar or organophilic, whereby the thus coated powder is readily dispersible without agglomeration or enlargement of the powder particles. Preferred are nano-sized powders.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for forming stabilized atomized microemulsions from different liquids which are normally immiscible; the apparatus according to the invention comprises a primary chamber and a sequence of at least two cavitation chambers arranged in succession, means for feeding primary and secondary fluids into the primary chamber, and means for the exit of the formed microemulsion from the last cavitation chamber, the primary chamber and the cavitation chambers being fluid-connected to each other by way of fluid passage means which are adapted to produce a velocity of the fluids, during passage through the passage means, which gradually increases from the primary chamber toward the last cavitation chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aqueous emulsion comprising (1) at least one resin comprising at least one unit T, of formula MaDbTc(O1/2R)e or DbTc(O1/2R)e, (2) a reaction product of (a) ammonia or polyfunctional aromatic or aliphatic amine, (2) a carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (3) a non-ionic, anionic, or amphoteric surfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous dispersions of sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble organic UV filter substances, which comprise at least one sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble organic UV filter substance as colloidally disperse phase in amorphous or partially amorphous form.

Abstract: An emulsifier mixture comprising an emulsifier I of the formula 1

Abstract: The present invention provides stable, high solids, aqueous emulsions of high viscosity masked (poly)isocyanates, water, surface active agents, and, optionally, thickening water-soluble polymers. The emulsions of the present invention are formulated in as little as 20 parts by weight water or less. The present invention further provides processes for forming such emulsions.

Abstract: A lubricant for the lubrication of extrusions, preferably strips 4, 4a, made of a biopolymeric substance, in particular of gelatin, in a work process and a method of manufacturing soft gelatin capsules, wherein the lubricant is water-soluble and contains one or more polyglycerols having 2-28 monomeric units, preferably 2-10 monomeric units. The advantage of the hydrophilic lubricant is that it becomes obsolete to remove the residual lubricant on the capsule's wrapper before the drying of the capsules 8 as well as the possible recycling of the lattices of waste 14.

Abstract: Disclosed are skin care compositions that are emulsion formulations comprising an aqueous phase, an oil phase, at least one emulsifier, and an epichlorohydrin cross-linked glyceryl starch.

Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula II R3(EO)n(PO)mOH  (II) wherein R3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions useful for inhibiting the formation of gummy residues on equipment in processing operations which liberate tiny adhesive particles having a tendency to agglomerate into larger particles and/or films. The compositions comprise a complex or adduct formed from styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer and calcium ions. The compositions according to the invention may be added to a processing system at any point, either upstream or downstream from the location at which residues are formed. Compositions according to the invention may be applied by spray techniques.

Abstract: A pigmented emulsion cosmetic composition for reducing the shiny appearance of skin and cosmetically improving the appearance of skin imperfections comprising a cosmetically effective amount of mushroom extract and a method for reducing the shiny appearance of skin and cosmetically improving the appearance of skin imperfections comprising applying to the skin an emulsion cosmetic composition containing mushroom extract.

Abstract: A fragrant potpourri gel mixture is disclosed for dispensing fragrance to the air from a container, with the mixture lacking free liquids and being pourable into or out of the container. The fragrant potpourri gel mixture is prepared by providing an aqueous-based liquid, adding a bittering agent, and combining a coloring agent to form an aqueous-based mixture. An oil-based compound having a volatile fragrance oil component is added to the aqueous-based liquid. An absorbent polymer is mixed in by agitation or stirring to absorb the aqueous-based liquid within a gel mixture and to emulsify the oil-based fragrance component throughout to form a heterogeneous gel mixture having a plurality of micro-droplets of oil fragrance components and air pockets suspended therein. The heterogeneous gel mixture is prepared at room temperatures without heating. The volatile fragrance components of the micro-droplets volatilize from the surfaces of the micro-droplets when exposed to the air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stable water-in-oil emulsion for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or hygiene use, comprising an aqueous phase and a fatty phase comprising a silicone oil, characterized in that it comprises at least one &agr;,&ohgr;-substituted oxyalkylenated silicone, the emulsion having a viscosity ranging from 100 cps to 200 poises, at 25° C. and at a shear rate of 200 s−1. The invention also relates to the compositions comprising such an emulsion, and to its applications in the cosmetics field.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions for defoaming aqueous media, comprising as defoamers urea derivatives of the formula I where R1 is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 30 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 24 carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and one carbonyl group, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R4 is an organic radical, preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is from 0 to 5; in the form of solid particles, which are obtained by crystallization from a clear homogeneous melt dispersed in a carrier medium, and a process of preparation thereof.

Abstract: The disclosed invention relates to polyisocyanate derived adducts and to emulsifiable polyisocyanates formed from those adducts. The invention further relates to emulsions which include the emulsifiable polyisocyanates. Emulsions which employ the emulsifiable polyisocyanates have greatly increased stability.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel emulsion formulations which comprise oil bodies. The invention also provides a method for preparing the emulsions and the use of the emulsions in products for topical application to the skin. The products are very mild to the skin and may be easily formulated into a wide variety of personal care and dermatological products.

Abstract: Disclosed are skin care compositions that are emulsion formulations comprising an aqueous phase, an oil phase, at least one emulsifier, and an epichlorohydrin cross-linked glyceryl starch.

Abstract: In a process for producing stable emulsions of at least two substantially immiscible fluids, particularly emulsions of a liquid fuel with water, a considerable increase in the efficiency of the emulsion-formation process is achieved by injecting the fluids to be emulsified into an emulsification chamber provided with an injection system which imparts to the fluids a motion in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the general direction in which the fluids travel through the emulsification chamber. This injection system can be provided by means of a diffuser having an inlet hole, through which a stream of liquid is fed in a substantially axial direction, and at least one outlet hole, which leads into the chamber and whose axis lies on a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the inlet stream.

Abstract: A method employing a ultrasonicator apparatus to emulsify a pressurized multi-component liquid. The apparatus includes a die housing comprising a chamber adapted to receive a pressurized multi-component liquid, an inlet adapted to supply the chamber with the pressurized multi-component liquid, an exit orifice defined by the walls of a die tip, and a means for applying ultrasonic energy to a portion of the pressurized liquid. The method for emulsifying a pressurized multi-component liquid comprising supplying a pressurized multi-component liquid to the apparatus, applying ultrasonic energy to the pressurized liquid but not the die tip while the exit orifice receives pressurized liquid from the chamber, and passing the pressurized liquid out of the exit orifice in the die tip so that the multi-component liquid is emulsified, wherein the means for applying ultrasonic energy is excited, it applies ultrasonic energy to the pressurized liquid without applying ultrasonic energy to the die tip.

Abstract: In a process for producing stable emulsions of at least two substantially immiscible fluids, particularly emulsions of a liquid fuel with water, a considerable increase in the efficiency of the emulsion-formation process is achieved by injecting the fluids to be emulsified into an emulsification chamber provided with an injection system which imparts to the fluids a motion in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the general direction in which the fluids travel through the emulsification chamber. This injection system can be provided by means of a diffuser having an inlet hole, through which a stream of liquid is fed in a substantially axial direction, and at least one outlet hole, which leads into the chamber and whose axis lies on a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the inlet stream.

Abstract: The present invention provide novel emulsion formulations which comprise oil bodies. The invention also provides a method for preparing the emulsions and the use of the emulsions in products for topical application to the skin. The products are very mild to the skin and may be easily formulated into a wide variety of personal care and dermatological products.

Abstract: An injectable physiologically acceptable aqueous phase fluorocarbon emulsion, which has substantially no free fluorocarbon, has an excellent stability is prepared by a process of the invention. Typically, more than about 99.8 wt. % of the fluorocarbon remains in the size range of about 0.2 to 0.4 microns even after being stored at room temperature for one year or more in sealed containers under a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The emulsion is useful in medical applications, for example, coronary angioplasty, cancer therapy, among others.