Abstract: 3D moldings are prepared by applying a viscoelastic supportive material comprising a polyether and a particulate rheological additive in at least some positions where a curable structure forming material is not desired, and following completion of the molding, the supportive material is removed.

Abstract: A method of polishing a sapphire substrate is provided, comprising: providing a substrate having an exposed sapphire surface; providing a chemical mechanical polishing slurry, wherein the chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprises, as initial components: colloidal silica abrasive, wherein the colloidal silica abrasive has a negative surface charge; and, wherein the colloidal silica abrasive exhibits a multimodal particle size distribution with a first particle size maximum between 2 and 25 nm; and, a second particle size maximum between 75 and 200 nm; optionally, a biocide; optionally, a nonionic defoaming agent; and, optionally, a pH adjuster. A chemical mechanical polishing composition for polishing an exposed sapphire surface is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing a modified inorganic oxygen-containing particulate material comprising the steps of: a) preparing a mixture of an aqueous suspension of inorganic oxygen-containing particulate material and an alkoxylated alcohol according to the formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-C8 alkyl, C4-C8 cycloalkyl or phenyl, R2 is hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer from 1 to 5; b) optionally adding a first resin and/or a first resin precursor; c) adding one or more coupling agents to the mixture; d) optionally adding a second resin and/or a second resin precursor to the resulting mixture; and wherein optionally water is removed at least partially from the mixture before or during step b), c) or d), or after step d); and optionally converting the first resin precursor into the first resin before, during or after step c) and/or the second resin precursor into the second resin after step d).

Abstract: A filler for a dental resin composition is disclosed, comprising silica particles derived from a nanoparticulate silica sol, the filler material having at least one crystalline phase. The filler material provides improved wear resistance and other properties.

Abstract: An aqueous sol containing silica-based particles which sol has a specific surface area of at least 115 m2/g aqueous sol and a pH of at least 10.5, and an S-value within the range of from 10 to 45% and/or contains silica-based particles having a specific surface area of at least 550 and less than about 1200 m2/g SiO2, and wherein the sol is substantially free from aluminium.

Abstract: An aqueous colloidal silica product, a method of using the aqueous colloidal silica product, and a method of producing an aqueous colloidal silica product, are disclosed. The method of producing the aqueous colloidal silica product incorporates semi-batch addition of alkali metal silicate, which is capable of achieving an aqueous colloidal silica product having desirable physical and chemical characteristics. The aqueous colloidal silica product has been found to be particularly useful as an additive in a papermaking process.

Abstract: A method for producing and using an ultrapure colloidal silica dispersion is disclosed. The ultrapure colloidal silica dispersion has less than 200 ppb of each trace metal impurity disposed therein, excluding potassium and sodium, and less than 2 ppm residual alcohol. The method comprises dissolving a fumed silica in an aqueous solvent comprising an alkali metal hydroxide to produce an alkaline silicate solution, removing the alkali metal via ion exchange to generate a silicic acid solution, adjusting temperature, concentration and pH of said silicic acid solution to values sufficient to initiate nucleation and particle growth, and cooling the silicic acid solution at a rate sufficient to produce the colloidal silica dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silica-based sol having a concentration of soluble silica of less than about 1000 mg SiO2/l, conductivity of at least about 2.0 mS/cm and S-value below about 50%. The invention further relates to a method of producing a silica-based sol comprising subjecting an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution to electrodialysis to form an electrodialyzed sol, and acidifying the electrodialyzed sol to form an acidified sol having a pH in the range of from about 5.0 to about 10. The invention further relates to silica-based sol obtainable by the process and to the use of the silica-based sol as a flocculating agent. The invention further relates to a process for producing paper which comprises providing an aqueous suspension comprising cellulosic fibers, adding to the suspension one or more drainage and retention aids comprising a silica-based sol according to the invention, and dewatering the obtained suspension to provide a sheet or web of paper.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of anionic colloidal silica having a neutral pH which is stable over time and comprises individualized particles of colloidal silica which are not bound to one another by siloxane bonds. The instant suspensions show high storage stability and are particularly useful for the clarification of beer, for the preparation of cosmetic formulations, for the production of ink for printers, for paints and for anticorrosive treatments.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of anionic colloidal silica having a neutral pH which is stable over time and comprises individualized particles of colloidal silica which are not bound to one another by siloxane bonds. The instant suspensions show high storage stability and are particularly useful for the clarification of beer, for the preparation of cosmetic formulations, for the production of ink for printers, for paints and for anticorrosive treatments.

Abstract: Use of silica sols containing sulfonic acid groups and/or mercapto groups as microparticles in paper production, in particular for paper retention.

Abstract: Colloidal silica having a controllable broad particle size distribution and a controllable minimum particle size is disclosed and claimed. Particles below a predetermined size are excluded from the product colloidal silica of the invention. A method for continuously producing the desired colloidal composition is disclosed comprising the steps of providing preformed silica particles having a surface area which controls the particle size of the colloidal silica product, adding a feed silica comprising an alkaline solution and silicate at a feed rate which is less than a nucleation rate.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles which comprises (a) acidifying an aqueous silicate solution to a pH of from 1 to 4 to form an acid sol; (b) alkalising the acid sol at an SiO2 content within the range of from 4.5 to 8% by weight; (c) allowing particle growth of the alkalised sol for at least 10 minutes; or heat-treating the alkalised sol at a temperature of a least 30° C.; (d) alkalising the obtained sol to a pH of at least 10.0; and (e) optionally concentrating the sol obtained according to (b), (c) or (d) to provide an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles and having a specific surface area of at least 90 m2/g aqueous sol; as well as an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles obtainable by the process.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods of preparing stable colloidal dispersions of nanoparticulate size fumed silica particles. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of rapidly wetting and dispersing fumed silica powder for obtaining a coatable dispersion, particularly in the manufacture of inkjet media.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of partly hydrophobic silica exhibit a smooth change in viscosity with pH over a wide pH range, without gelling or exhibiting local maxima. The dispersions have numerous uses, including use in O/W Pickering emulsions.

Abstract: Stable, aqueous dispersion containing silicon dioxide powder having a hydroxyl group density of 2.5 to 4.7 OH/nm2, which is obtained from a silicon dioxide powder produced by a flame hydrolysis process under acid conditions. The dispersion is produced by incorporating the silicon dioxide powder into an aqueous solution by means of a dispersing device. The dispersion can be used to produce glass articles.

Abstract: Stable, aqueous dispersion containing silicon dioxide powder having a hydroxyl group density of 2.5 to 4.7 OH/nm2, which is obtained from a silicon dioxide powder produced by a flame hydrolysis process under acid conditions. The dispersion is produced by incorporating the silicon dioxide powder into an aqueous solution by means of a dispersing device. The dispersion can be used to produce glass articles.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing nanomaterial dispersions, such as nanomaterial concentrates, and related nanotechnology are provided. The nanomaterial concentrates provided can be more cheaply stored and transported compared to non-concentrate nanomaterial forms.

Abstract: A flocculant, a manufacturing method therefor, and a flocculation method using the flocculant are provided such that a suspension of tap water treatment plant, sewage treatment plant, industrial drainage water or other service water or drainage water can be easily, safely, and quickly treated. A flocculant made from a silicon colloidal solution for gelation through dilution and flocculating suspended matter in conjunction with the gelation.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous suspension of anionic colloidal silica having a neutral pH which is stable over time and comprises individualized particles of colloidal silica which are not bound to one another by siloxane bonds. The instant suspensions show high storage stability and are particularly useful for the clarification of beer, for the preparation of cosmetic formulations, for the production of ink for printers, for paints and for anticorrosive treatments.

Abstract: Pyrogenically produced silica powder with a BET surface of 30 to 90 m2/g, a dibutyl phthalate number of at least 80 and a tamped density of no more than 110 g/l. It is produced in that at least one vaporous silicon compound, a gas containing free oxygen and a combustible gas are mixed together in a closed burner and then burnt in a flame in the flame tube of the burner, the solid obtained is separated from the gas mixture and optionally purified, wherein the oxygen content of the gas containing free oxygen is adjusted such that the lambda value is greater than or equal to 1, and the gamma value is between 1.2 and 1.8. It can be used in toner applications.

Abstract: Pyrogenically produced silicon dioxide powder with a specific surface area of between 5 and 600 m2/g and a carbon content of less than 500 ppm, which displays a specific dibutyl phthalate absorption of less than or equal to 1.2 g dibutyl phthalate/100 g SiO2 per m2 of specific surface area and a specific thickening action of less than 15 mPas/m2 of specific surface area. It is produced by supplying vaporous tetramethoxysilane and/or tetraethoxysilane together with air and separately hydrogen to a burner, and allowing the mixture of gases to react in a flame in a reaction chamber connected in series to the burner, and separating the solid reaction product from the gas stream by known means, the lambda value in the burner being between 0.95 and 1.5 and sufficient secondary air also being supplied to the reaction chamber that the lambda value in the reaction chamber is between 0.8 and 1.6.

Abstract: Provided is a pyrogenically prepared SiO2 powder in the form of aggregated primary particles having a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of 10-500 m2/g, a thickening action based on the STSA of 4-8 mPas·g/m2, and a micropore volume of 0.03-0.

Abstract: Pyrogenic silicon dioxde powder with a BET surface area of 30 to 90 m2/g, a DBP index of 80 or less, a mean aggregate area of less than 25000 nm2 and a mean aggregate circumference of less than 1000 nm, wherein at least 70% of the aggregates have a circumference of less than 1300 nm, It is prepared by mixing at least one silicon compound in vapour form, a free-oxygen-containing gas and a combustible gas in a burner of known construction, igniting this gas mixture at the mouth of the burner and burning it in the flame tube of the burner, separating the solid obtained from the gas mixture and optionally purifying, wherein the oxygen content of the free-oxygen-containing gas is adjusted so that the lambda value is greater than or equal to 1, the gamma value is between 1.2 and 1.8, the throughput is between 0.1 and 0.3 kg SiO2/m3 of core gas mixture and the mean normalised rate of flow of gas in the flame tube at the level of the mouth of the burner is at least 5 m/s. The powder can be used as a filler.

Abstract: A delayed gelling system useful in conformance control in the production of petroleum from subterranean formations, especially low permeability formations, is disclosed. The gelling system comprises a basic silica sol, an activator comprising a hydroxyl donor, and an optional syneresis inhibitor. In the disclosed method of using the gelling system, the gelling system may be pumped into formations with excessive water and/or gas production and thermally activated in the formation at downhole conditions to form a hard gel to reduce water and/or gas production.

Abstract: An aqueous sol containing silica-based particles which has an S-value within the range of from 10 to 45%, a viscosity within the range of from 5 to 40 cP, and a molar ratio of SiO2 to M2O, where M is alkali metal or ammonium, within the range of from 10:1 to 40:1, or a silica content of at least 10% by weight. The invention further relates to a process for the production of silica-based particles comprising the steps of: (a) acidifying an aqueous silicate solution to a pH of from 1 to 4 to form an acid sol; (b) alkalising the acid sol at an SiO2 content within the range of from 4.5 to 8% by weight to; (c) allowing particle growth of the alkalised sol for at least 10 minutes, or heat-treating the alkalised sol at a temperature of a least 30° C.; and then (d) alkalising the obtained sol to a pH of at least 10.0.

Abstract: Pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxide with the following physicochemical properties: 1. Average particle size (D50 value) D50?150 nm (dynamic light scattering, 30 wt %) 2. Viscosity (5 rpm, 30 wt %) ??100 m·Pas 3. Thixotropy of Ti (?(5 rpm))/(?(50 rpm))?2 4. BET surface area 30-60 m2/g 5. Compacted bulk=100-160 g/L 6. Original pH?4.5 that can be used for the preparation of dispersions and glass bodies.

Abstract: A process for making a glass matrix containing an active substance or component by charging a carrier molecule with one or more active substances or components and executing a sol/gel process the presence of the charged carrier molecule to form a gel matrix containing the active substances or components. Films, coverings, layers, and/or coatings composed of porous sol/gel glass matrices based on polysilicic acids, silicates, borates, and/or aluminates, the matrix incorporating carrier molecules charged with one or more active substances and/or components. Porous glass matrices based on silicates, polysilicic acids, borates, and/or aluminates, having incorporated therein carrier molecules charged with at least one active substance and/or component.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ceramic coating material which includes stirring a material including a complex oxide in the presence of a catalyst containing platinum group elements. The material is a sol-gel material which includes at least one of a hydrolysate and a polycondensate of the complex oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sol solution and a method for producing this sol solution, which serves as a coating agent for producing glass coatings for electrically conductive materials that can be used in anodic bonding. The sol solution is a mix of an organosol consisting of SiO2 dissolved in at least one n-alkanol or a mixture of a multiplicity of n-alkanols, a tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and/or a triethoxy silane or a trimethoxy silane as well as an acid or a base and water and the mixture being partially polymerized. The sol mixture is distinguished in that the mix contains an alkali alcoholate.

Abstract: The present invention provides the colloidal silica slurry which does not have a bad influence, such as corrosion, to a silicon wafer and wiring material on a silicon wafer and inhibits growth of microbes, and whereof preserving stability is high because stability of particle diameters of a colloidal particle is superior and using for a long period continuously is possible. For providing the above, the colloidal silica slurry wherein hydrogen peroxide from 5 to 100 ppm is added.

Abstract: Disclosed is a colloidal silica composition and a method for producing high-purity silica glass using the same. The colloidal silica composition of the present invention comprise an alkoxysilane compound, an organic solvent, deionized water, and a basic catalyst. The colloidal silica composition further includes a basic organic material for adjusting a hydrogen ion concentration (pH) to prevent the formation of agglomerates when concentrated. Silica glass having high purity and excellent sinterability can be produced using the colloidal silica composition of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making a binder, especially for mineral wool products comprising the steps of dissolving a particulate mineral material having a glassy amnorphous structure in an aqueous solution, nucleating and stabilizing the so obtained solution to form a sol having the desired particle size, and optionally adjusting the dry matter content of the sol. The invention also concerns a method for the production of a mineral wool product using the said binder for binding the fibers.

Abstract: The present invention also provides a process for producing a colloidal dispersion of silica particle agglomerates having a specific surface area, as determined by nitrogen adsorption method, of 100 m2/g to 400 m2/g, an average secondary particle diameter of 20 nm to 300 nm and a pore volume of 0.5 ml/g to 2.0 ml/g, which comprises using a colloidal dispersion of silica particle agglomerates having a specific surface area, as determined by nitrogen adsorption method, of 300 m2/g to 1,000 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.4 ml/g to 2.0 ml/g as a seed dispersion, adding a feed solution comprising at least one of an aqueous active silicic acid solution and alkoxysilanes to the seed dispersion in small portions in the presence of an alkali to grow silica particle agglomerates.

Abstract: A method for production of high purity silica sols comprising the steps: (a) adding a phosphonic acid-based complexing agent to the silicic acid-containing solution forming complexes with metal cations present in said solution; (b) forming in said silicic acid-containing solution a precipitation containing phosphonic acid-based complexing agent and metal cations; (c) removing the precipitation from the solution; and, (d) polymerising the silicic acid in the solution to obtain a silica sol. The invention also relates to silica sols containing at least one phosphonic acid-based complexing agent.

Abstract: A process for the production of an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles which comprises (a) acidifying an aqueous silicate solution to a pH of from 1 to 4 to form an acid sol; (b) alkalizing the acid sol at an SiO2 content within the range of from 4.5 to 8% by weight; (c) allowing particle growth of the alkalized sol for at least 10 minutes; or heat-treating the alkalized sol at a temperature of a least 30° C.; (d) alkalizing the obtained sol to a pH of at least 10.0; and (e) optionally concentrating the sol obtained according to (b), (c) or (d) to provide an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles and having a specific surface area of at least 90 m2/g aqueous sol; as well as an aqueous sol containing silica-based particles obtainable by the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula I where X is 1 or 2; n is from 2 to 18; m and o are each from 2 to 100; k is from 2 to 4; R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical; and R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, or sulfopropyl radical, and to there use as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media.

Abstract: An aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention further relates to a process for the production of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound which comprises incorporating a nitrogen-containing organic compound into a silica-based sol containing silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica. The invention also relates to the use of an aqueous silica-based sol comprising a nitrogen-containing organic compound and silica-based particles with a specific surface area of at least 300 square meters per gram of silica as a flocculating agent in the production of pulp and paper and in water purification.

Abstract: A dispersion comprising fine porous inorganic oxide particles, e.g., silica gel particles, wherein the particles have a median particle size below three microns. The dispersed particles have a porosity after drying in which at least about 0.50 cc/g of pore volume is from pores having a pore size of 600 Å or less as determined by nitrogen porosimetry. Embodiments prepared from silica gel have porosity after drying in which at least about 0.7 cc/g of pore volume is from pores having a diameter of 600 Å or smaller. The particles of the dispersion also can be described as having viscosity derived pore volume of at least about 0.5 g/cc. The dispersion is prepared by forming a dispersion from inorganic oxides having sufficient rigid structure to maintain porosity after milling and drying. After the inorganic oxide is selected, it is milled to have a median particle size of 0.05 to about 3 microns.

Abstract: Silica sols exhibiting desirable yield-dilatancy are fabricated. A mixture comprising silica, water, and a pH-adjusting agent is provided, and the mixture is shear-mixed. The desirable properties of the resultant sol are attained by using a concentration of pH-adjusting agent that provides a viscosity within a particular range during shear mixing. The requisite pH range, however, changes depending on the properties of the silica mixture. A discovered technique for determining this changing pH range is by selecting the pH based on the silica surface area per unit volume of the mixture.

Abstract: A process to purify and classify a dispersion containing stabilized particles having counterions and ions as well as free species is disclosed. The solution may comprise an aqueous media, a solvent media, or a combination of both and can include more than one type of aqueous and/or solvent solutions. The process includes at least the steps, in any order, of substantially removing the particles having sizes above about 1 micron, preferably above 0.5 micron; substantially removing the free species; and exchanging at least a portion of the counterions that are a part of the stabilized particles. The process disclosed is especially useful in purifying dispersions where the ionic stabilized colloidal particles are carbon black having attached organic groups comprising at least one ionic group, or at least one ionizable group, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula (I): wherein x is 1 or 2; n is a number from 2 to 18; m and n are each a number from 2 to 100; k is a number from 2 to 4; R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical which may be substituted by a functional radical; and R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or a sulfopropyl radical. The invention further relates to the use of the phosphoric esters as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media and in particular to methods of forming a highly filled sheet molding compound or bulk molding compound comprising the step of dispersing components of the molding compound with said phosphoric esters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dispersion of silica particle agglomerates having a sharp particle size distribution and capable of forming a porous coating film having a high transparency by drying.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of organically modified aerogels, comprising a) the preparation of a silicic acid sol having a pH of ≦4.0 from an aqueous water glass solution, with the aid of at least one organic and/or inorganic acid; b) polycondensation of the resulting silicic acid sol to a SiO2 gel by the addition of a base; c) washing the gel obtained in Step b) with an organic solvent until the water content of the gel is ≦5% by weight; d) surface-silylating the gel obtained in Step c), and e) drying the surface-silylated gel obtained in Step d), characterized in that at least one acid forms difficultly soluble salts with the cations of the water glass in the silicic acid sol, and that before Step b) the resulting difficultly soluble salts are extensively precipitated and separated from the silicic acid sol.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for homogenizing and micronizing aerosol formulations. The method includes the steps of homogenizing and micronizing an aerosol formulation at ambient temperature in a closed apparatus where the entire apparatus is maintained under elevated pressure. The apparatus includes a closed loop containing a reaction vessel, a homogenizer and a fluid conduit interconnecting the reaction vessel and the homogenizer. The homogenizer includes an interaction chamber and an intensifier pump. The interaction chamber includes a stream splitter for separating a stream of aerosol formulation components into two streams and an impaction chamber for recombining the stream.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous dispersion slurry of inorganic particles which is so stable as not to increase in viscosity, gel or sediment even if stored for a long time and therefore can be used as raw materials for, for example, cosmetics, paint, coating materials and lapping slurry for semiconductor wafers, and production method of such aqueous dispersion slurry. The aqueous dispersion slurry according to the present invention has the number of particles whose a particle diameter of 1.3 .mu.m or more is 180,000 or less per mL in terms of 30 wt % in concentration, and the average particle diameter thereof is in a range of 0.05-0.9 .mu.m. The number of particles having aparticle diameter of 1.3 .mu.m or more is counted by using Particle Sensor KS-60, which is a light extinction type sensor for detecting particles, and Particle Counter KL-11, which is a particle counter, both of which made by the same manufacturer, Rion Electro Corp.

Abstract: The present invention provides production methods for aqueous dispersion slurry of inorganic particles which are so stable as not to increase in viscosity, gel or sediment even if stored for a long time and whose average particle diameter is 0.01 to 2 .mu.m. As such production method, 2 production methods are available:A production method (A) having a preliminary dispersion process in which the inorganic particles are added to ad dispersed in an aqueous medium and a main dispersion process in which dispersed slurry out of the preliminary dispersion process are collided with each other under a pressure of 100 to 3,000 kg/cm.sup.2 ; andA production method (B) in which the inorganic particles are added to an aqueous medium within a kneading tank of a kneader in which mixing blades rotate around respective subsidiary spindles and the subsidiary spindles revolves around a spindle and dispersed at a solid concentration of 30 to 70 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula I where X is 1 or 2; n is from 2 to 18; m and o are each from 2 to 100; k is from 2 to 4; R? is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical; and R? is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, or sulfopropyl radical, and to there use as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media.