Abstract: A panel wall construction method comprising the steps of applying in advance an adhesive agent to the whole of a panel main body surface or to the whole of a decorated sheet back surface, covering the edge of the panel main body surface or decorated sheet back surface with a protective paper sheet which is peelable and which does not decrease the adhesive strength of the adhesive agent, using the panel with the decorated sheet, which is in the form of the panel main body and the decorated sheet bonded together, fixing the panel with the decorated sheet to a panel supporting backing material with a fixing tool (7) in an installation field, superposing the extensions of the decorated sheets and cutting them at a suitable cutting position, removing the cut ends, peeling the protective paper sheet, and sticking the unstuck portion of the decorated sheet to the panel main body; thus, even a layman can finish the wall surface easily and neatly.

Abstract: A plastic building board preferably used in the building of an outdoor deck has first and second opposite sides which are different in color from one another. The board also has a male connector at one of its side edges and a female connector at the other of its side edges. The male and female connectors are symmetrical to allow connection of the board with another corresponding board with either one of the colored sides in an upwardly facing direction.

Abstract: A building panel, such as a flooring panel or wall panel and a method of assembling the same into a floor, wall cladding, etc. The panel is provided with a locking means in the form of groove (6) and tongue (7) forming a tongue/groove joint for assembling of the panels. In a preferred embodiment, the groove (6) and the tongue (7) are made of water resistant material and formed with a snap-together joint.

Abstract: The invention provides a new floor covering panel and floor covering system in which the floor covering panels include first and second generally planar surfaces, first and second side edges containing first and second complementary coupling members, respectively, and a barrier composition selectively applied to at least a portion of at least one of the first and second coupling members for providing a moisture barrier to prevent water penetration below the first surface of the floor covering panel. The barrier composition may be applied to at least one of the first or second coupling members during the floor covering manufacturing process.

Abstract: A construction element having a card like structure and which can be used to build three dimensional structures, the construction element having upper and lower marginal edges, side marginal edges, first and second upper tabs, first and second lower tabs, and a upper recess formed in an upper marginal edge and a lower recess formed in a lower marginal edge, the lower recesses being designed to receive the lower tabs and upper recesses being designed to receive the upper tabs.

Abstract: An arrangement of building elements capable of a snap-fastening interconnection comprises an element, especially the tongue, consisting of a different material from the other building elements. An MDF/HDF panel, is initially milled along the longitudinal and/or transverse sides, and the resulting groove is then provided and/or foam-filled with extrudates. Finally, the free ends of the extrudates are milled to form the profile of the tongue. Alternatively, or additionally, a groove may also be milled into the extrudates.

Abstract: Floorboards with a mechanical locking system having a separately machined strip which is mechanically joined with the floorboard.

Abstract: A modular form panel and a method of employing the same are provided for use when forming a rectilinear concrete column form. The form panel comprises a first side edge and a second side edge, with the first side edge having a plurality of attachment holes arranged in a plurality of vertically oriented gage lines. The form panel also includes a top edge and a bottom edge extending between the first and second side edges, and has a generally planar interconnecting skin, with the skin having a plurality of attachment holes arranged in a plurality of vertically oriented gage lines. Thus, a plurality of like panels may be arranged to define a rectilinear column form of predetermined cross-sectional dimensions by securing the first edge of the panel to the skin of an adjacent like panel by attaching a selected one of the first edge gage lines to a selected one of the skin gage lines on the adjacent like panel.

Abstract: A siding panel is provided including a body portion for covering a structure's exterior, the body portion including a top lock disposed at a first end, a bottom lock disposed at a second end, and a connection member formed in a predetermined configuration; and a fastening hem for supporting the body portion, the fastening hem formed with a channel to receive the connection member to allow the body portion to move relative to the fastening hem during expansion and contraction when the siding panel is exposed to temperature changes. This sliding-type connection allows for rapid installation since the fastening hem can now be fastened tightly to a building exterior using any type of rapid firing-type installation device. Additionally, nailing slots of conventional siding panels are no longer needed since the body of the siding panel will float without movement of the fastening hem.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting adjacent panels includes a first panel and a second panel. Each panel has a connectable edge adapted for connection to a connectable edge of an adjacent panel. At least one first panel interface is disposed on the first panel and at least one second panel interface is disposed on the second panel. Each panel interface is positioned on a surface of the respective panel near the respective connectable edge. First and second interlocking elements are disposed on the respective connectable edges of the panels. The apparatus also includes at least one connector with a base and first and second engaging parts projecting from the base. To connect the panels, the interlocking elements of the connectable edges are interlocked with one another. The connector is mounted to the first and second panels such that the base traverses the connectable edges.

Abstract: A wall system uses panels constituted by a sandwich of two polyolefin sheets and an interior layer of glass fiberboard. Such structural panels are used with a system of steel studs and channels to form walls of high strength and light weight. These walls are particularly suitable for foundations and basements, and exhibits strength, water resistance, and insulating values far in excess of those of conventional foundation walls.

Abstract: An agricultural floor panel and system having a design for improved strength and cleaning is described. The floor panel is designed for support on at least two cross beams. The floor panel has two opposing edges, each edge having a plurality of flanges for supporting engagement on the cross beams and the plurality of flanges defining a plurality of recesses between adjacent flange. The flanges and recesses are adapted for interlocking engagement with corresponding flanges and recesses of an adjacent panel and also include a locking and spacing system for locking adjacent panels together while substantively maintaining a gap between the opposing edges of two adjacent panels.

Abstract: Flooring material including floor boards (1) with an essentially square, rectangular or rhomboidal shape. The floor boards (1) are provided with edges (2), a horizontal lower side (5) and a horizontal decorative upper surface (3). The floor boards (1) are provided with lower joining lips (10) at two adjacent edges (2) while the two remaining edges (2) are provided with upper joining lips (20). The lower joining lips (10) are provided essentially vertical lower lip surfaces 911) arranged parallel to the closest edge (2). The lower lip surfaces (11) are intended to interact with mainly vertical upper lip surfaces (21) arranged on the upper joining lips (20). Two joined adjacent floor boards (1) are hereby locked together in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A reconfigurable office partition system that includes movable rigid panels each comprised of a core panel mounted within a perimeter frame. Said core panel comprised of a matrix of compressed straw or other cellulose-based natural fiber lined by paper or paperboard suitable for accepting a variety of surface treatments, and also suitable for accepting nails, screws or other means for hanging or otherwise attaching articles thereon. Frames comprised of vertical and horizontal rails specially adapted to engage said core panels and further adapted to releasably and slidably attach to a series of specialty connectors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a panel and a locking system (1) for panels (2, 3) with edge profiles provided on at least two opposite edges of the panels (2, 3) for the positive connection of similar panels (2, 3), including an edge profile designed as a groove profile (4), with an upper groove wall (6) and a lower groove wall (7), and an edge profile designed as a tongue profile (5), with a notch projection (12) on the underside of the tongue that engages a notch recess (11) in the lower groove wall (7) of an adjacent panel in the assembled state, where the engaged edge profiles form an articulated joint (G) that acts to restore the panels (2, 3) to their installation plane when deflected either up or down, where the upper groove wall (6) has a flank (21) on the inside that opens towards the free end of the groove wall (6).

Abstract: A structure to fast combine two boards into a box or cabinet by means of a snap catch comprised of a catch piece and a strike piece without using any screw, within, the catch piece being incorporated into a first board and provided with catch-hook while the strike plate being incorporated into a second board provided with recess to receive insertion by the catch from the catch piece to couple both boards to each other, laterally or vertically as required.

Abstract: A panel, particularly a floor-covering panel, is provided that has separate horizontal and vertical locking structures. The panel has a first side edge and a second side edge. The first side edge has a groove and a locking lip, and the second side edge has a tongue and a locking tongue. The first side edge of one panel interlocks with the second side edge of another panel without adhesives or fasteners such that the tongue and groove form a joint that provides a vertical interconnection lock and the locking lip and locking tongue form a joint that provides a horizontal interconnection lock. Advantageously, one or more first side edge surfaces opposite surfaces of the second edge locking tongue have a space between them. The separate horizontal and vertical locking structures reduces, if not prevents, damage to the locking structures during joining of panels.

Abstract: Elevated floor comprising a panel (10) and a metallic cover (14) made of sheets (15),joined by clamping. Said sheets (15) are joined by at least one fold (16) that fits into a corresponding recess at the bottom side of the said panel (10).

Abstract: The present invention is a modular roof covering made up of a plurality of interlocking modular trays having moisture or water absorbing component or medium in the tray to absorb moisture and allow it to evaporate or otherwise dissipate over time. The trays interlock with each other and are held down by weights or other ballast to secure the trays to the roof without having to create a physical connection between the trays and the roof structure. The modular roof covering can be made up of different types of tray assemblies, where some have vegetation growing in the tray, others have merely water absorption and dissipation capability, while others have photovoltaic cells for the collection and use of solar energy. The present invention provides a light weight, low cost roof covering system for extending the life of current roof structures, and to restore and protect the environment, moderate and aid in controlling building temperature, manage stormwater runoff and collect and utilize solar energy.

Abstract: A building panel, such as a flooring panel or wall panel and a method of assembling the same into a floor, wall cladding, etc. The panel is provided with a locking means in the form of groove (6) and tongue (7) forming a tongue/groove joint for assembling of the panels. In a preferred embodiment, the groove (6) and the tongue (7) are made of water resistant material and formed with a snap-together joint.

Abstract: A wall assembly includes at least two panel elements which are configured for contiguous placement adjacent to one another. Each of the panel elements defines a hollow internal passageway. The panels are configured to permit a contiguous placement whereby the respective passageways of the panels are brought into registration with one another. A connection element is positioned within one of the passageways. The connection element is accessible through a slot defined within the sidewall of the panel wherein the connection element resides. The connection element is slidable whereby it may be displaced partially into the second panel element. The connection element is thereafter actuatable whereby its lateral dimension is decreased to form a pressure fit union with the interior sidewalls of the two passageways. In its spatially decreased configuration, the connection element provides a means of interconnecting the two panel elements together.

Abstract: A modular fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) module that interlocks with other similarly designed modules. Specifically, each FRP module has a female, receiver, end and a male, inserter, end such that the inserter of a first FRP module interlocks with, or “snaps into” or “slids into,” a receiver of an adjacent second FRP module. Once interlocked, the two connected FRP modules are further secured by either adhesive and/or thermal connections. An FRP module is made of multiple layers of multi-axial fiber reinforcement and a resin matrix, the layers being continuous throughout the entire shape of the module. An overlay may be placed over the top face of one or more FRP modules joined together to provide a uniform surface. In addition, one or more exterior FRP composite laminates, grids, plates or fabrics may be bonded continuously to the top face.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are panelized wall systems and methods for their construction, wherein the wall systems have elastomeric joints that are resistant to cracking. The walls are constructed with trough-edge building panels. The trough-edge building panels are preferably fiber cement. The front surface of each panel has a trough adjacent to an edge of the panel. Panels are fastened to a frame with the trough-edges adjacent to each other. A joint tape is applied to the seam between the panels such that the edges of the joint tape fall within the troughs of the adjacent panels. The wall is then finished with an elastomeric finish.

Abstract: A building panel, such as a flooring panel or wall panel and a method of assembling the same into a floor, wall cladding, etc. The panel is provided with a locking means in the form of groove (6) and tongue (7) forming a tongue/groove joint for assembling of the panels. In a preferred embodiment, the groove (6) and the tongue (7) are made of water resistant material and formed with a snap-together joint.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin molded post system for joining two thermoplastic molded platforms by means of interference fitting a single cell post half protruding from the inner side of a top platform with a single cell post half protruding from the inner side of a bottom platform, each post half having walls asymmetrically stepped to create a male-female fitting when joined, each post half having a convex round at its free edge and a concave round where the wall is stepped wherein the convex round of the free edge and the concave round of the post half protruding from the underside of the top platform correspondingly engage the concave and the convex rounds of the protrusion form the inner side of the bottom platform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a locking system for mechanical joining of floorboards (1, 1′), a floorboard having such a locking system and a flooring made of such floorboards. The locking system has mechanical cooperating means (36, 38; 6, 8, 14) for vertical and horizontal joining of adjoining floorboards. The means for horizontal joining about a vertical plane (F) comprise a locking groove (14) and a locking strip (16) which is located at opposite joint edge portions (4a, 4b) of the floorboard (4). The locking strip (6) projects from the joint plane (F) and has an upwards projecting locking element (8) at its free end. The locking groove (14) is formed in the opposite joint edge portion (4a) of the floorboard at a distance from the joint plane (F). The locking groove (14) and the locking element (8) have operative locking surfaces (10, 11).

Abstract: A device for connecting and locking structural panels, particularly floor panels, having a groove forming an upper lip and a lower lip over the entire length of at least one lateral border and with a tongue formed on the opposite lateral border corresponding to the groove. To lock panels that have been connected, the tongue is provided with at least one projection and the groove exhibits at least one indentation on the lip that faces the projection, which device is characterized by the indentation being longer than the projection, and on its lateral border (I3, I4) the lip provided with at least one indentation exhibits at least one recess reaching back to the indentation. The length of the recess is at least as great as the length of the projection, and seen in the longitudinal direction, the recess and the projection occupy positions that are staggered, one relative to the other.

Abstract: A floor assembly includes a plurality of floor units each includes two side grooves and two bottom grooves. Any two adjacent floor units are connected side by side by a connection member which has a base plate with two engaging portions extending from a top surface thereof. An upright portion extends from the top surface of the base plate and a horizontal plate extends horizontally from the upright portion. Two ends of the horizontal plate are respectively engaged with two respective side grooves of two adjacent floor units, and the two engaging portions are engaged with the two bottom grooves of the two adjacent floor units.

Abstract: A metal building has panelled walls and roof, being based upon a frame incorporating a water barrier, to guide any water leakage outwardly of the building. The panelling for a major area such as the roof consists of roll-up prefabricated panels in permanently connected relation by way of knuckle joints, each panel portion having a plurality of corrugations to facilitate ready rolling and unrolling of the predetermined length of panel. This type of panelling may also serve as wall panelling, as well as for the roll-up door of the building. Where planar type (non-corrugated) wall panels are used, the panel end or ends may have a flange portion, to preclude bowing of the panel. The wall panels, in combination with corner piers of the building, are load bearing, to support the roof and applied snow loads. The corner piers may consist of two planar panels for easy shipping.

Abstract: A modular fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite deck module having one or more hexagonal components and one or more double trapezoidal components. A hexagonal component is a hexagonal cell with all sides being of equal length and forming a hexagonal space. A double trapezoidal component has a top side, a bottom side, a first trapezoid having a first top and a first bottom, and a second trapezoid having a second top and a second bottom. The first and second trapezoidal components are of equal dimensions and configured such that the first trapezoid is inverted resulting in the first top of the first trapezoid is adjacent to the second top of the second trapezoid, thereby creating a center seam and an extensive bonding surface. The double trapezoidal and hexagonal components are made of multiple layers of multi-axial fiber reinforcement and a resin matrix, the layers being continuous throughout the entire shape of the components.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a siding plank assembly comprising an interlocking feature that allows the siding plank to be stacked with other siding planks in a manner such that a uniform and deep shadow line is created. The interlocking feature sets the gauge of the exposed plank face and allows for leveling of the plank during installation. The siding plank assembly comprises a main plank section securely bonded to a second piece that produces a deep shadow line. In preferred embodiments, the second piece may be a fiber cement butt piece or a plastic spline that is bonded to the main plank section. A lock structure may also be included on the fiber cement butt piece or plastic spline.

Abstract: A fastener including a body having a predetermined axial length, wherein the body includes a screw head at one axial end of the body, a threaded portion at an opposite axial end of the body and an unthreaded shank portion extending between the screw head and the threaded portion, and wherein the shank portion has an axial length in excess of at least one-third of the axial length of the fastener body.

Abstract: A block for use in interlocking with other similar blocks in constructing a building has a block body having a top surface and a bottom surface with an outer block wall defining one side surface of the block body. A head portion extends from the outer block wall toward an opposed side surface. A connecting portion on respective sides of the head arranged to receive at least one correspondingly shaped connection portion of at least one second block in interlocking relationship therewith. Two abutment portions are arranged each at a respective end of the outer block wall and each defining a respective abutment shoulder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a joining system and method for floorboards, e.g. for parquetry. The joining system comprises floor boards intended to be joined with each other, wherein a first board (A) has a protrusion fitting into a recess in a second board (B). The protrusion on the first board comprises hooks (1) with intermediate slots (2) or chamfers. The recess (11) in the second board (B) is delimited on the top side by a solid edge (3), and on the bottom side by an edge having heads (4) dimensioned to be inserted through the slots (2) of the first board (A). The invention will replace the traditional groove and tenon technique. By providing slots or chamfers in the protrusion corresponding to the tenon, and corresponding cuts in the lower limiting edge of the groove, the boards can be joined in a substantially vertical or transversal movement and then be locked by a horizontal movement in the longitudinal direction of the boards. At the same time, the protrusion is shaped like hooks engaging the groove.

Abstract: A threshold system includes modular plastic substrate sections of predetermined lengths that are attachable together end-to-end in a number of configurations to form substrates of various total lengths. A threshold assembly of a desired length is assembled by attaching selected substrate sections together to form a support substrate having a length corresponding to the sums of the lengths of the substrate sections, mounting an extruded aluminum sill to the support substrate, and mounting a threshold cap in the upwardly open channel formed by the attached substrate sections and the sill. A nosing strip may be secured along the inside of the finished threshold to cover the intersections between joined substrate sections and to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance from the inside of a building in which the threshold is installed.

Abstract: A hip and ridge shingle includes a base sheet having colored granules adhered to the top surface. A chip is adhered to the base at the trailing edge of the base sheet. A sealant bead is provided parallel to and adjacent the leading edge of base sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a block (100) comprising a front wall (110); a rear wall (130); first side wall (115); second side wall (120) opposed to said first side wall (115); an upper block planar surface (140); a lower block planar surface (141); wherein said first side wall (115) and said second side wall (120) extend from said front wall (110) to said rear wall (130) to define a central through core (150) extending through the block (100) from said upper block surface (140) to said lower block surface (141), said core (150) having a front upper rim and a first front corner at the plane of said upper block surface, proximate intersection of said first side wall and said front wall; a first lug which extends downwardly from said lower block surface adjacent said first side wall, and has (i) a flat side portion flush with said first side wall and (ii) a front portion which joint said first lug side surface at an angle of 90° or less.

Abstract: A building panel, such as a flooring panel or wall panel and a method of assembling the same into a floor, wall cladding, etc. The panel is provided with a locking means in the form of groove (6) and tongue (7) forming a tongue/groove joint for assembling of the panels. In a preferred embodiment, the groove (6) and the tongue (7) are made of water resistant material and formed with a snap-together joint.

Abstract: A mould for producing reverse building modules includes a lower horizontal bottom from which longitudinal walls and cross walls are emerging. The cross walls are provided with protrusions inside which respective bars are arranged where the ends of longitudinal rods are disposed defining the framework module. Between each protrusion of the cross walls a spring is provided disposed outside the bars and which ends act on the corresponding ends of the longitudinal bars maintaining the distance therebetween.

Abstract: Improvements in a stackable construction panel system are disclosed. The system includes stackable wall forms for receiving a flowable material, each form having a pair of foam panels tied together in a spaced and parallel relationship by connectors. In a first improvement, the connectors have head pieces with transversal terminal surfaces facilitating the stacking and handling of the wall forms on construction sites. In a second improvement, an end panel assembly is provided for mounting an end panel used as a wall stud for the construction of a window or door frame. The end panel assembly has first and second engaging members, each removably engageable with side end portions of the pair of foam panels. The end panel itself is mountable therebetween. In accordance with a third improvement, a corner connector is provided for reinforcing corner wall forms.

Abstract: The present invention concern the fabrication of panels (11) (12) in which the elements (2) are assembled by gussets (3) (13) during the preparation in the mold

Abstract: A modular fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite deck module having one or more hexagonal components and one or more double trapezoidal components. A hexagonal component is a hexagonal cell with all sides being of equal length and forming a hexagonal space. A double trapezoidal component has a top side, a bottom side, a first trapezoid having a first top and a first bottom, and a second trapezoid having a second top and a second bottom. The first and second trapezoidal components are of equal dimensions and configured such that the first trapezoid is inverted resulting in the first top of the first trapezoid is adjacent to the second top of the second trapezoid, thereby creating a center seam and an extensive bonding surface. The double trapezoidal and hexagonal components are made of multiple layers of multi-axial fiber reinforcement and a resin matrix, the layers being continuous throughout the entire shape of the components.

Abstract: A hoarding module 100 is disclosed which cooperates with other modules for erecting a hoarding and includes a substantially rectangular panel member 101 and positioning means in the form of a sleeve set 69, 70 and sleeve 71 which positions the module to adjoin at least one other module along at least one vertical side thereof. Positioning means 69, 70 and 71 cooperate with joining means in the form of pins 80 to hinge together horizontally adjoining modules in a hoarding.

Abstract: A panel connector is disclosed that is used to make a corner in a wall system and a method of installing that component. The panel connector defines two channels into which respective portions of two side panels are inserted, in which the side panels usually serve as forms or walls in forming concrete wall structures. The panel connectors form a corner between the two side panels so that those side panels having a predetermined angle therebetween. It is noted that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to ascertain quickly the subject matter of the technical disclosure. The abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b).

Abstract: A grooved construction lumber element for use in constructing lumber structures such as wall framing, roof trusses, load bearing beams, deck and stair railings, and the like, is described. The construction lumber element is comprised of a straight lumber piece having a plurality of spacing grooves disposed in at least one surface of the lumber piece. The spacing grooves have a predetermined depth and are configured to receive therein an associated further lumber element to construct a specific building structure. At least some of the spacing grooves are disposed at common spaced intervals. The lumber element is preferably an elongated straight wood lumber piece of rectangular cross-section and defines opposed flat parallel surfaces and opposed flat parallel side edge surfaces. The spacing grooves are formed in one of the flat surfaces.

Abstract: In a wall element (1, 2) for a mobile dividing wall with a wall member (3) and a border profile (4), the said profile comprises a base member (G), which is firmly joined to the wall member (3), and a revolving element (10, 10′) mounted therein to turn around its axis (15). The base member (G) comprises two lips (18) bearing substantially against the revolving element (10, 10′). The revolving element (10, 10′) is coated on part of its surface with burr material (16) and is otherwise provided with at least one further surface structure. Depending on the angular position of the revolving element, the burr material (16) or alternatively the different surface structure or one of the different surface structures is exposed externally between the two lips (18).

Abstract: A hollow frame member is constituted by two face plates 11, 12 (21, 22) joined in a truss shape by ribs. End portions of one of the face plates are positioned in the vicinity of an apex of the truss structure of the hollow frame member. End portions of the other of the face plates have a projection extending toward the end portions of the face plates. The face plates are joined by friction stir welding. Due to the presence of the ribs, the load during the friction stir welding time is easily supported.

Abstract: A parquet board with a groove and tongue edge profile comprising a projecting tongue (14) on at least one edge of each parquet board (10,12) and a receding groove (16) on at least one opposite edge of the parquet board. The top edge of the tongue (14) is provided with a projecting locking lip (24) running in the longitudinal direction of the tongue, and there is a corresponding locking recess (26) running in the longitudinal direction of the groove in the bottom edge of the groove-boundary-forming top groove cheek (28).

Abstract: A construction element having a card like structure and which can be used to build three dimensional structures, the construction element having upper and lower marginal edges, side marginal edges, first and second upper tabs, first and second lower tabs, and a upper recess formed in an upper marginal edge and a lower recess formed in a lower marginal edge, the lower recesses being designed to receive the lower tabs and upper recesses being designed to receive the upper tabs.

Abstract: A shingle is formed with a first, or trailing, side edge folded over toward the top surface of the shingle to catch moisture and direct it down to the top surface of the next lower shingle. A second, or leading, side edge of the shingle is not folded. An “S” shaped fold, spaced apart from the trailing edge fold, receives the unfolded leading edge of an adjacent shingle. The tailing edge and S fold form a gutter under the leading edge of the adjacent shingle. The top edge of the shingle is folded-over toward the top surface of the shingle for engagement with the folded-under lower edge of the next higher shingle. The folded-over top edge extends to the right or leading edge of the shingle and slides under the left edge of the folded-over top edge of the next adjacent shingle to the fight side. The folded-under lower edge extends along the lower edge of the shingle but leaves a gap relative to the folded-under lower edge of the lateral adjacent shingle.