Abstract: Room arrangements include at least two superposed prefabricated load-bearing room units. The room units have a ceiling, a floor and at least two walls that are made at least mainly of cellular board. Ships, buildings and methods for constructing a room arrangement are also provided, especially the construction of multi-storey rooms, for example, cabin compartments in ships or block of flats without middle decks or intermediate floors.

Abstract: Off-site load-bearing construction pod (module) that incorporate the vertical structure to carry similar pods placed on top of it and part of the on-site structure built around and above these pods. Hybrid method of construction where buildings are erected by combining standardized pods which incorporate smaller, most labor-intensive rooms and components of the edifice to conventional methods of construction for larger, less labor-intensive rooms and components. The very same mass-manufactured pod that incorporates kitchen, bathrooms, laundry room and most of the plumbing and the electric system of a dwelling can be used to build the top floor of a skyscraper or a single-family house.

Abstract: A prefabricated, transportable, ADA compliant, temporary addition, providing ADA accessible bathing, hygiene, and optional laundry facilities to the disabled occupants, eliminating the need to negotiate stairs to access a second floor bath or basement laundry. The addition is designed to be transported, lifted, connected and disconnected multiple times. The addition contains a walk-in shower with grab bars, ADA sink and sink base, tilt mirror, raised toilet with grab bars, egress door, light, heating unit, and exhaust fan. The addition is supported on a foundation of piers and attached to a ground floor room of an existing home by way of a connecting collar, minimizing the surface area connection to the house. The addition is pre-plumbed and wired with plumbing and electrical access points at the base of the addition that are connected to the existing home's utilities through a hole into the basement.

Abstract: A building includes a wall and a roof. The wall encloses an enclosed area, and the wall comprises a plurality of standardized modules, each having an inner space used as a room. The roof covers the enclosed area. The standardized modules are standardized, and thus very convenient to manufacture. In addition, the standardized modules can be transported quickly and efficiently, therefore, the building as disclosed is convenient and reliable to construct and dismantle.

Abstract: A prefabricated concrete building module comprises two pre-cast concrete end panels interconnected and interlinked to a pre-cast bridging panel providing a utility channel at at least one corner thereof, the channel aligning with a reinforcement formation on each side edge of each end panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system which includes injection molded roof panels, header assemblies and ridge caps having integrated connectors which combine to form a family of variously sized roof assemblies for utility enclosures. The injection molding facilitates integrally formed connectors so that the roof panels, header assemblies and ridge caps interlock with one another without the need for separate connectors.

Abstract: Prefabricated, steel framed, rectangular building modules are joined in groups to form multi-unit residences, or commercial or institutional buildings. The modules are disposed in rectangular groups abutting one another so as to form a central rectangular core bounded by the units. Utilities are connected to each module through the core. Multiple story buildings are formed by similar groups having cores aligned vertically. Alternating stories are rotated relative to one another about the central core axis to produce cantilevered structures.

Abstract: Construction systems for erecting building structures comprise a plurality of prefabricated interconnectable modular building units, each unit comprising a frame shaped as a rectangular parallelopiped and comprised of framing members and a plurality of nodes, each node situated at a corner of said frame for selective interconnection with other units, the frame having at least one attachment point separate from the nodes for selective attachment to the frame of at least one adjacent unit, the nodes and the exterior dimensions of the frame conforming to ISO shipping standards such that each unit is transportable using the ISO intermodal transportation system, and such that when the units are aggregated horizontally and vertically and adjacent units are interconnected, a building structure comprising at least one habitable space is formed.

Abstract: A modular enclosure may include a number of interlocking components, such as panels, that may be interconnected to form sidewalls, roof and/or floor. The panels may be constructed from blow-molded plastic and a first pattern may be disposed on one surface and a second pattern may be disposed on an opposing surface. One or more points of intersection may be located where the first pattern and the second pattern overlie, and a depression may be disposed at the points of intersection. The depressions are preferably sized and configured to increase the strength and/or rigidity of the panel.

Abstract: For establishing a more modern and environmental, inexpensive building, there is disclosed a prefabricated, self-supporting construction element (6) intended chiefly for apartment buildings, where a number of construction elements (6) are placed at the side of one another and on top of one another, and comprising at least two substantially parallel-extending walls (26), where the external side surface (14) is profiled with protruding ribs (16) which, in combination with corresponding external side surfaces (14) of corresponding construction elements (6) along the external side surfaces (14), form a plurality of channels (60) respectively intended for in-situ casting with a (flowing), hardening material (concrete) for the formation of a supporting construction in the form of columns (94) and beams for supporting a plurality of construction elements (6) placed on top of one another, and for the leading of supply pipes and cables to the building, which is characteristic in that the external side surfaces (14) co

Abstract: A modular building is produced from base elements that include skeleton structural elements, from which a skeleton structure is formed, and planar elements with at least wall, floor, and ceiling elements attached to the skeleton structure. The skeleton structure elements are detachably connected to each other to form the skeleton structure and the planar elements are detachably connected to the skeleton structure and to each other. A method for producing a modular building that is produced from base elements, with a skeleton structure and planar elements, which include at least wall, floor, and ceiling elements being produced and/or provided as the base elements. The skeleton structure elements are detachably connected to each other to form the skeleton structure and the planar elements are detachably connected to the skeleton structure and/or to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a module structure and a plant construction method capable of easily attaching a facility device of a plant and shortening a plant construction period. The module structure of the present invention includes a support member which temporarily supports a facility device component to be arranged in a cell constituting a plant at a designed position and which constitutes scaffolding for attaching the facility device component and forming the cell, a box-shaped frame which is possible to be carried into inner space of the cell while fixing the support member, and joint means which is detachably attachable and which temporarily assembles the support member and the frame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of modular building systems. Embodiments of the invention include, a modular building system comprising planar sheets of material and moment connections, which are combined with tool-less or limited tool assembly mechanisms and can be used, for example, as spatial partitions, platforms, structural supports, or supports for articles. Specific embodiments of the invention provide structures having a seemingly homogenous, flowing ribbon structure.

Abstract: A wall module for the construction of a housing module comprises two beams, two primary studs, two bracing members, primary reinforcements and a plurality of secondary studs. The two beams are spaced apart and substantially parallel to each other. The two primary studs are perpendicularly connected between different extremities of the two beams so as to define four wall corners. The two bracing members are connected substantially diagonally between two different opposed wall corners. The primary reinforcements are located at the wall corners and are connect one of the two beams to one of the two primary studs and to one of the bracing members. The secondary studs are attached to the two beams and to at least one of the two bracing members. The wall module may further comprise a sheathing attached to the secondary studs and a finishing sheet attached to the sheathing in between the secondary studs.

Abstract: A rigid self-supporting hollow body (1) having large dimensions and intended for building constructions, wherein the body is of the type including a thin wall (4) having a generally cylindrical shape relative to an axis (5) and two end flanges (6) oriented towards the outside, defining an integral assembly having an inner hollow space (7) with two end openings (8), made of a coating and resistance material containing concrete or the like and reinforced with fibres. The flanges (6) include or define fastening elements (15) that enable, using fastening members (6), the rigid fastening on one and/or the other flanges (6) of the body, of an adjacent flange (6) of a second similar neighbouring body (1) and/or of a blocking wall (3) optionally including one or more openings (3a) so as to build constructions in a modular and flexible manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular construction system to be applied to buildings, comprising a steel structure composed by octagonal tubing that acts as external beams, octagonal tubing that acts as external beams, octagonal tubing that acts as internal beams, structural connections, cross members for the roof structure, a hollow roof ridge member, panels acting as structural walls and partitions, bracing plates to connect the panels, external finishing member and internal finishing member, whereas the whole structure is anchored to the floor. When creating an edge column to connect the panels to the steel structure, internal angular shaped bracing plates are used and external ones with a shape similar to letter “C”, provided with holes along the length for the bolts and connection slot to connect the external finishing member by means of internal clips with a rim for connection to the clamp through the recesses arranged in the interior.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of constructing a building roof made from Expanded PolyStyrene (EPS) which is coated on the inside and outside with Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC). The building roof is designed in a CAD program. The roof is then constructed of beams, such as I-shaped beams, of foam and GFRC.

Abstract: A modular enclosure may include a number of components, such as floor panels, wall panels and roof panels, which may be interconnected to form a structure such as a shed. For example, the shed may include wall panels with connecting portions that are sized and configured to allow adjacent wall panels to be interconnected. The wall panels may also include outwardly extending projections that allow the wall panels to be connected to the floor panels. In addition, the wall panels may include receiving portions that may receive portions of the roof panels, such as an outwardly extending lip. Advantageously, a truss may extend through the receiving portions in the wall panels and the truss may include a channel that is sized and configured to allow any water that enters the shed through a roof panel seam to be removed from the shed.

Abstract: Consideration is given to parameters for providing re-use of worker housing in similar, or the same, applications at other sites or other projects as well as parameters governing re-use for alternate secondary uses usually common to the area of initial use, thereby avoiding transport for long distances or wasteful disposal of worker housing structures. Secondary uses for manufactured worker housing modules according to the present invention can be, for example, smaller or reconfigured dormitory-style housing or residences or family housing.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a modular shelter that is suited for use as a safety chamber in an underground working environment. The shelter includes at least two wall units connected along a substantially sealed seam, a base unit that extends substantially throughout a floor plan of the shelter, and a roll cage that surrounds an outer extent of the shelter above the floor plan. The shelter may be configured to maintain a pressurized state in a closed condition. Each of the at least two wall units may share a substantially common shape and substantially common dimension, and may form a part of a wall, ceiling, and floor of the shelter. The shelter can also include various atmospheric control, circulation, and purge systems, and exterior and soft seal doors to assist in maintaining a livable atmosphere in the safety chamber.

Abstract: A mobile building module comprises rigid load-bearing surface elements and one or more inflatable flexible surface elements connected therewith. In the transport condition, several of the load-bearing rigid surface elements are disposed to form a parallelepiped container having a floor and surrounding rigid walls for accommodating the inflatable flexible surface elements, with the height of the container being lower than the height of the building. A building, which is assembled of several partial modules, which are constructed according to the above-mentioned principles, is also an object of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention is a free standing portable deck for use with recreational vehicles. The deck further comprises a polygonal shape lower support frame. The support frame further comprises a plurality of removably interconnected rails. A flat planar platform portion is being removably mounted upon the lower support frame. A plurality of leg members are being disposed underneath the lower support frame at each corner such that the platform portion is held in a substantially level position at a predetermined height in relation to the recreational vehicle door. Each leg member is removably connected to each corner of the lower support frame. The upper support frame is removably connected to the lower support frame and extends linearly upward. At least one step means provides for ingressing and regressing onto the platform portion. The at least one step means is located at a predetermined distance from the lower support frame and at a predetermined height in relation to the ground level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dwelling module, a roof module, a balcony module, a facade module, a building and a lifting tool for a modular construction system used to form a building from the aforementioned modules. The dwelling module (3) includes a floor (31), a roof (34T) and pillars between the floor (31) and the roof (34T). The pillars contain an embedded multi-purpose part (32) which is used to stack one module on top of another. The roof module is positioned on top of the building, while the balcony module (359) and the facade module (310) can be positioned peripherally to the building. The lifting tool is used to transport and install the dwelling module (3) at the desired site in order to complete a building.

Abstract: A building module has an open-ended box structure and comprises a plurality of interconnected coaxial module segments. Each segment is moulded as an open-ended box structure from a composite material. The segments are held together by elongate tie bars that form part of a lifting frame and extend substantially along the length of the module. The lifting frame comprises end frames that are embedded in end segments of the modules and that are connected to each other by the tie bars.

Abstract: A modular pod assembly capable of being readily assembled and disassembled for transportation includes a plurality of modular panels and a plurality of connectors. Each said modular panel includes a rigid and substantially planar structure delimited along one or more edges by respective coupling portions, each coupling portion formed to define a plurality of preconfigured access points for receiving respective connectors. Multiple connectors are provided to securely fasten a coupling portion of a given modular panel to a coupling portion of another adjacent modular panel at a selected access point. The plurality of modular panels may be provided in an assembled state to include at least one top panel, bottom panel, and a plurality of respective side walls, all securely fastened together at respective coupling portions with the plurality of connectors to form an integrated enclosure.

Abstract: A system of cooperating prefabricated structures comprises a first prefabricated structure including a first shell and a first extension deployed from the first shell, wherein at least one of the first shell and first extension has a frame that forms a channel to communicate one or more of electrical wiring, a supply water duct, and a grey water duct. A second prefabricated structure includes a second shell and a second extension deployed from the second shell, wherein at least one of the second shell and second extension has a frame that forms a channel to communicate one or more of electrical wiring, a supply water duct, and a grey water duct. The electrical wiring of the first prefabricated structure and the second prefabricated structure are connected so that the first prefabricated structure and the second prefabricated structure share a common electrical system.

Abstract: A module for building structure includes a moment frame, a set of four top corner pieces, and a set of two or more composite panels. The moment frame is comprised of beams and columns jointed to form a top, a bottom and four sides. Each top corner piece is located at a corner of the top of the moment frame. The set of two or more composite panels is attached to the bottom of the moment frame to provide a sub-floor of the building structure. A first composite panel, of the set, is adapted to transfer a load to a second abutting composite panel of the set, in response to a deflection of the moment frame. Each composite panel is comprised of a core element encased in a metal frame, which includes two face sheets, two end cap pieces, and two side pieces.

Abstract: The residential building whose majority of components are prefabricated in a factory, includes a foundation supporting a bed, walls erected on the bed, a ceiling supported on the walls and a roof supported on the walls. The foundation is formed of foundation blocks that are cast on-site, in appropriate excavations, and joints by forms of stringers also cast on-site in appropriate excavations. Each foundation block is provided with a vertical pillar prefabricated in a factory, each vertical pillar having a horizontal upper planar face. The upper planer faces of the pillars are arranged along the same horizontal plane, receiving and supporting, at a distance from the ground, the bed of the building. The invention also relates to a method and device used for realizing the wall elements manually or automatically in a continuous manner.

Abstract: A system and method for constructing a log structure includes logs having pairs of parallel spaced apart longitudinally extending grooves on opposing sides of the logs. Inner edges of the grooves may be tapered inwardly to receive lumber support pieces. A wall is constructed by providing a base log having a pair of parallel spaced-apart longitudinally extending grooves on an upper surface of the log, inserting lower edges of a pair of lumber support pieces into the grooves, and positioning the grooves of a log over upper edges of the lumber support pieces. Further lumber support pieces and logs are attached in like manner until the desired height is reached. A corner piece for forming corners of the structure having vertically extending channels for receiving ends of the lumber support pieces is provided.

Abstract: Presented is a passenger terminal that includes modular room units that include facilities necessary for passenger traffic. The modular room units are configured to be shipped in standardized containers by means of ordinary transport vehicles by at least one of land, sea, and air to a predetermined construction site. The modular room units are also configured to be assembled at the predetermined construction site in a short amount of time to produce a functional passenger terminal building according to a predetermined planning grid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for coupling separate series or stacks of structural or shear walls of a multistory building are disclosed. The method comprises constructing a plurality of stacks of shear walls and attaching a rigid coupling member to the top of at least two of the stacks of shear walls between the stacks such that the walls are connected to the rigid coupling member and move together with the coupling member. The apparatus is a rigid coupling member, which may be a beam, such as an I-beam or rectangular beam, made from poured concrete and reinforcing steel. The coupling member may also be a wall of poured concrete and reinforcing steel. The attached rigid member acts to connect the tops of independent stacks of shear walls typically used to build multistory buildings, thereby creating a flexural moment at the top of the building that helps the building resist lateral loads.

Abstract: The modular building system consists of building modules (1) in high resistance, reinforced concrete, to be stacked vertically and placed side-by-side in the construction of preferably residential buildings. Each module (1) forms a monolithic structure or consists of a steel frame (103) and panels (102), with walls, ceiling and floor. These modules (1) include positioning devices (2 and 3) for stacking purposes; side connection elements (5 and 6) between the modules (1); and/or horizontal and vertical tightening bands (104 and 105). These modules are leveled by using leveling sheets and/or non-retraction mortar and/or a method with jacks (108) and tubular sections (109) filled with non-retraction mortar (193) until it sets and the jacks (108) are removed. Each building module (1) includes all the accessories and finishing elements of a home, such as facades, windows, utilities, furniture and interior equipment considered useful.

Abstract: A containerized portable shelter which is small and light enough for helicopter transport but which can also travel through container channels and has increased expandability of the floorspace is provided. It has a fraction (e.g. one-half) the standard ISO width, so that a plurality of modular units can be joined to form a standard ISO container. Two or more modular units can be joined side-by-side and/or end-to-end to form a compound shipping container preferably having ISO freight container characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, or kit, of injection molded panels having integrated connectors which combine to form an enclosure, commonly in the form of a utility shed. The panels are formed of injection molded plastic to interlock with one another without the need for separate I-beam connectors. The ends of the wall panels have cavities to accept both roof and floor outwardly projecting locking bosses for interlocking cooperative engagement which serve to rigidly connect the components together. The symmetry of the wall, roof, floor and door components also minimizes component shapes and simplifies enclosure construction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular construction system to be applied to buildings, comprising a steel structure composed by octagonal tubing that acts as external beams, octagonal tubing that acts as external beams, octagonal tubing that acts as internal beams, structural connections, cross members for the roof structure, a hollow roof ridge member, panels acting as structural walls and partitions, bracing plates to connect the panels, external finishing member and internal finishing member, whereas the whole structure is anchored to the floor. When creating an edge column to connect the panels to the steel structure, internal angular shaped bracing plates are used and external ones with a shape similar to letter “C”, provided with holes along the length for the bolts and connection slot to connect the external finishing member by means of internal clips with a rim for connection to the clamp through the recesses arranged in the interior.

Abstract: Modular system for platform and shelving structures. In an assembled configuration, a module has a central vertical member hingedly-coupled to a second vertical member extending perpendicular to a first side of the central member, and a horizontal member hingedly-coupled to the central member and extending perpendicular to a second side of the central vertical member. The upper edges of the central vertical member and the second vertical member of a first module provide support to a horizontal member of a second module, whereby various structures can be formed from a plurality of modules. Each module is stowable by rotating the second vertical member and the horizontal member about their hinged edges toward the central vertical member. One or more of the members can include key portions adapted to interlock with a member of an adjacent module when in an assembled configuration.

Abstract: Modular system for constructing platform and shelving structures. Each module is configurable in either a stowable or assembled configuration. In the assembled configuration, a module has a central vertical member hingedly-coupled to a second vertical member extending perpendicular to a first side of the central member, and a horizontal member hingedly-coupled to the central member and extending perpendicular to a second side of the central vertical member. The upper edges of the central vertical member and the second vertical member of a first module provide support to a horizontal member of a second module, whereby various structures can be formed from a plurality of modules. Each module is easily stowable by rotating the second vertical member and the horizontal member about their hinged edges toward the central vertical member until they are substantially parallel and adjacent thereto, whereby a plurality of modules in the stowable configuration can be stored in substantially the minimum possible space.

Abstract: A suite of hardened high security steel & concrete modules for protection of people, pets and valuables during a tornado, hurricane, home intrusion or other emergency. A Modular Security Suite [MSS™] is an above ground set of two or more rooms whose steel plate walls extend deep down into a building's concrete or other material foundation and are primarily anchored by the foundation's steel reinforcement rods and the weight of building's concrete foundation. After construction and interior decoration a MSS unit disappears into the home or office floorplan. A MSS unit could include a full bathroom, kitchenette or pantry and a hallway module with built-in bunk beds. Its steel plate walls are filled with concrete and rerod to greatly increase its resistance to serve weather and debris. The design's hallway module and its two steel and concrete pocket doors protect its interior doorways from damage and provides two exits.

Abstract: A new monolithic module structure for construction and its manufacture method to build monolithic constructions. The monolithic modules can be easily-transported and easily arranged on the conceived site for the construction of the edification. The method comprises the stages of: a) manufacture of the necessary number of harnesses for the fabrication of modules and panels; b) manufacture of modules, where the foundations are fabricated over which the module exterior walls will be manufactured; c) manufacture of panels and flat roofs and of interior panels, if required, simultaneously to the modules; d) integration of interior panels into the modules; e) assembly of the flat roof over the module walls; f) transport and storage of the already assembled module for its commercialization and distribution. The method permits to obtain construction modules at high volumes to be used for diverse constructions.

Abstract: A cableway cabin, having supporting elements including a base frame, a roof frame and at least four corner columns connecting the base frame to the roof frame. All these parts are formed only from tubular sections having a circular inner cross-section. The parts are which has three connecting pieces, at least one of which is conical and one of which in each case is pressed into one of the three tubular sections forming a corner. Unless all three connecting pieces are conical, it is expedient to make the non-conical connecting piece or connecting pieces cylindrical and to provide them with a constriction extending over more than 60% of their length and filled with a resilient adhesive.

Abstract: A panel lock building system is provided that includes a plurality of side panels forming an enclosure of a predetermined configuration. The system further includes a first hinge half attached to a first side edge of a plurality of the plurality of side panels and a second hinge half attached to a second side edge of a plurality of the plurality of side panels, such that each first hinge half is interlockingly coupled to a corresponding one of the second hinge halves to couple adjacent ones of the side panels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a kit for making a device for protecting junction boxes on the outside walls of buildings and/or utility service units near the outside walls of buildings from the effects of weather, etc. To create a kit which can be used very quickly and easily to protect the previously mentioned junction boxes and utility service units from the effects of the weather, etc., where the cost of a kit of this type is very low, the kit consists of a U-shaped frame (4), which can be attached to the outside wall (2), and which carries a seal (6) on the side (5) of (4) facing the outside wall (2). A roof (9), which slants downward from the frame (4), can be mounted on the connecting web (7) between the sidepieces (8) of the frame (4). In the area of the front edge (10) of the roof (9), posts (11) are provided, which can be connected to the roof (9) and which are mounted on ground anchors (13) or the like inserted into the ground.

Abstract: A kit for a modular dwelling structure is provided, including a plurality of panels having predetermined dimensions. Each panel is made of a recycled tire material. A plurality of engagement members are also provided for maintaining the panels in a predetermined configuration to form the shape of the dwelling structure. A kit for providing the modular dwelling structure is also provided, as well as a method for assembling the modular dwelling structure.

Abstract: A curb-mounted screen for roof-top equipment has wall structure spaced outwardly from the curb for concealing the equipment from view. Fasteners secured to generally horizontally extending support members are hooked over the curb to secure the screen thereto without attaching the screen to the underlying roof or the equipment thereon.

Abstract: A modular building comprises a support frame for various modules forming the floor, roof and external wall of the building. The floor is provided by floor modules that can be slid or lifted into place within the support frame. Room modules may be incorporated into the floor. Services may be installed in the modules.

Abstract: An electricity transformer station having a foundation and a housing on top of the foundation, the housing comprising walls and a roof. The housing comprises a plurality of identical modules assembled in a row along a longitudinal axis of the housing, each of the modules having two side walls and a roof section connecting the side walls.

Abstract: A self-contained modular home a first section, a second section and a top section, each section having an interior which is 100% complete and an exterior which requires only siding or other exterior finish for completion. The three sections of the self-contained modular home are designed to be transported on a low boy trailer or other transport system to a permanent foundation site. The modular home incorporates a unique steel cable lifting system within the floor system which enables the modules to be set on the foundation with or without the use of a crane. The modular home is bolted to a permanent slab foundation by a steel strap securing arrangement in such a manner that a one and half inch air space is created under the home.

Abstract: A wall panel frame arrangement is provided having vertical and horizontal frame rails for having a common cross-sectional profile which facilitates joining thereof at the corners of the frame. Additionally, an improved light block arrangement is provided as a rail which extends horizontally across the frame, which rail is also adaptable for use with respect to a support assembly for supporting power and data communication circuit components thereon. The bottom of the frame further includes connector arrangements which facilitate mounting of either a base raceway cover or a vertically-enlarged cover tile at the same base location of the panel frame.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated post frame panel having top and bottom boards extending the full width of the panel and outer jack studs inset 1/16 of an inch inside the outer ends of the top and bottom boards.

Abstract: A polyhedral array comprises a plurality of discrete polyhedrons and a connection network comprising connections that connect the polyhedrons. The discrete polyhedrons are spaced apart from each other at equilibrium in a predetermined generally regular pattern, and each polyhedron is comprised of edges, faces and vertices. The connection network at least partially constrains the discrete polyhedrons relative to each polyhedron's six degrees of freedom. In some embodiments, the connections extend along the bias of the array. In other embodiments, the connections extend along radial directions. All implementations can be constructed as regular arrays or in lattice networks.