Abstract: Flame resistant foams and other compositions containing polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate groups are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of flame retardants, catalysts, blowing agents as well as optionally chain extenders, cross-linkers auxiliaries and additives. The flame retardents comprise a phenol or melamine formaldehyde condensate, pentaerythritol as well as ammonium phosphate and preferably in addition dicyandiamide.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polyurethane products are produced by mixing and reacting a basic salt-forming compound with an acidic salt-forming compound containing phosphorus and/or halogen compounds in a polyol and/or a polyisocyanate, then reacting the polyol and polyisocyanate.The flame-retardant polyurethane products may be used for thermal and sound insulation, as a coating agent, as an adhesive. for caulking, for cushioning and for molding useful objects.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are used for a wide variety of applications including upholstery and bedding. Unfortunately polyurethane foams are inherently flammable. The invention overcomes this problem by using expandable graphite in the polyurethane foam-forming reaction mixture to improve the burning characteristics of the final foam. Expandable graphite is graphite containing one or more exfoliating agents so that considerable expansion will occur at high temperatures.

Abstract: Reaction of an aromatic dianhydride with a polycyclic aromatic primary diamine at a controlled reaction rate yields a diamic acid dianhydride oligomer. The oligomer may be a precursor for an imide foam which forms at low temperature, has outstanding physical characteristics, and is extremely heat resistant. The diamic acid moiety may be converted to diimide, and other modifications of the oligomer are disclosed. Other derivatives of the oligomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams for improved foam stability and molded water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams that are rapidly demoldable with improved green strength. The process involves the use of certain compounds ("foam modifiers") as hereinafter more specifically defined. The foam modifiers consist of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion and an anion of a Bronsted acid having a pKa of greater than 1 (other than: (a) an inorganic alkaline earth metal salt that has a water solubility of less than one gram of salt per 100 milliliters of water at 25.degree. C., (b) alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate and (c) alkali metal sulphate).

Abstract: Process for the preparation of cellular products and laminates based on anhydrous furan prepolymers which possess free OH groups, which is carried out at normal temperature using small amounts of silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride as the crosslinking and expansion agent, characterised in that a combination of a furfuryl alcohol resin and/or a furfural/phenol (phenol and/or bisphenol A) resin with a bishydroxymethylfuran resin is used as the furan prepolymers, without the use of an acid, the silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride being used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the resin employed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making a particulate agent stable to hydrolysis based on free-flowing, pulverulent ammonium polyphosphate by treating the ammonium polyphosphate with a thermosetting, artificial resin being water-insoluble when cured. More specifically, the disclosure provides for the ammonium polyphosphate, an aliphatic alcohol as a diluent, and a melamine/formaldehyde-resin or phenol/formaldehyde-resin to be placed in an autoclave and intimately mixed at room temperature; for the mixture to be heated to a temperature of about 80.degree. to about 180.degree. C. and allowed to remain over a period of 15 to 240 minutes at that temperature and under the pressure corresponding to the vapor pressure of the diluent; for the diluent to be separated and for the product so obtained to be dried.

Abstract: Composite materials useful as hard tissue prosthetics comprising synthetic biodegradable polymers and unsintered calcium phosphate biomaterials optionally porositized by pore-forming agents are described. The composite materials may be ground and blended with a compatible water soluble pore-forming agent and then molded to form dense, shaped objects which may be made porous by leaching out said water soluble pore-forming agent. The composites may be used as hard tissue prosthetics either alone or in conjunction with conventional prostheses.

Abstract: An in situ polymerization process is disclosed whereby an .alpha.-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride is blended intimately and efficiently with one or more calcium phosphate biomaterials. The polymerization proceeds at ambient temperature and pressure without the need for initiators or surface modification of the calcium phosphate biomaterials. The resulting composite material may subsequently be ground and blended with a compatible water soluble pore-forming agent and then molded to form dense, shaped objects which may be made porous be leaching out said water soluble pore-forming agent. The resulting shaped objects may then be used as hard tissue prosthetics either alone or in conjunction with conventional prostheses.

Abstract: Homogeneous storable mixtures containing small quantities of salts and having a high mixed hydroxyl number of mixed hydroxyl/amine number are made by mixing (a) a polyoxyalkylene polyol and/or polyolamine and/or polyamine based on an alkyloxirane having a molecular weight of from 400 to 12,000, (b) a low molecular weight polyol which is not completely miscible with (a) and a solution-promoting additive in quantities such that for every 100 parts of (a), from 1 to 200 parts of (b) and from 0.01 to 10 parts of (c) are present. The solution-promoting additives are salts of cations of Groups IA, IIA and IIIA of the Periodic System of Elements or ammonium or mono- to tetra-alkylammonium ions and anions formed by removing at least one proton from an acid having a K.sub.s -value of at least 10.sup.-7. These mixtures are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: A molded polyurethane foamed shape has finely ground dry fire-retardant particles containing a volatile active fire-retardant component which releases fire-retardant gas when exposed to fire and distributed throughout the shape and encapsulated by the polyurethane so as to protect the component against evaporation until exposed by initial burning of the shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of foams containing urethane groups by reacting polyether polyols with polyisocyanates in the presence of water and in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, a compound containing a labile halogen atom and, optionally, a tertiary nitrogen containing chain extender.The present invention also relates to the foams obtainable by this process.

Abstract: There is disclosed a non-flammable rigid foam on the basis of phenolic resin and furane resin, containing aluminum hydroxide and further components as a filler system. The weight ratio of resin substance:filler substance is at least 1:2.5 and up to 1:3.2 and the bulk density is from 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin compound is the reaction product obtained by the reaction with one another of50-62 weight parts resolic resin0-15 weight parts furanic resin25-40 weight parts furfuryl alcohol0.5-1.

Abstract: The non-flammable rigid foam e.g. used as a building material complies with the requirements of DIN 4102 and which provides a non-toxicity of the combustion fumes according to DIN 53436. It has a mass ratio of resin component: filler of at least 1:2.5 and a bulk density amounting to 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin component is formed by reaction of50-62 mass parts resolic resin0-15 mass parts furane resin25-40 mass parts furfuryl alcohol0.5-11.5 mass parts foam stabilizerincluding 14-17 mass parts per 100 mass parts of resin component plus filler of a curing agent mixture of phosphoric acid, boronhydrofluoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and water. The filler used is a mixture of40-55 mass % aluminium hydroxide10-35 mass parts boric acid2-7 mass parts sodium tetraborate5-10 mass parts manganese dioxide1-5 mass parts copper-II-oxide1-4 mass parts magnesium hydroxysilicate1-2 mass parts aluminium silicate.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a particulate agent based on free-flowing, pulverulent ammonium polyphosphate of the general formulaH.sub.(n-M)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1in which n stands for a whole number with an average value of about 20 to 800 and the ratio of m/n is about 1. The agent reduces the ignitability of combustible substances and constists of(a) about 80 to 99.5 mass % ammonium polyphosphate and(b) about 0.5 to 20 mass % hardened epoxide resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of about 170 to about 220, the epoxide resin enveloping the individual ammonium polyphosphate particles.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a storable polyol pre-mixture for making flame-retardant polyurethane foam plastics consisting of a mixture of a polyester polyol or polyether polyol and an ammonium polyphosphate as a flame-retardant agent. The pre-mixture contains more particularly an ammonium polyphosphate which corresponds to the general formula (I)H.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1 (I)in which n stands for an integral average value of 100 to 1000, m stands for a whole number of up to n+2 and m/n stands for a value of about 1, has an acid number of 0.01 to about 5 mg KOH/g, contains 0.01 to 0.5 mass % water and 0.5 to about 15 mass % water-soluble fractions in water at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A molded polyurethane foamed shape has finely ground dry fire-retardant particles containing a volatile active fire-retardant component which releases fire-retardant gas when exposed to fire and distributed throughout the shape and encapsulated by the polyurethane so as to protect the component against evaporation until exposed by initial burning of the shape.

Abstract: Amino-resin products, which include aminoplast foams, can be modified by reacting an aminoplast precondensate, which contains an excess of formaldehyde or to which supplemental formaldehyde or another lower monoaldehyde or dialdehyde has been added before processing, with a hardening agent or with a solution of hardening agent, surfactant, and foamer in the presence of an additive that consists of one or more mononuclear or binuclear phenols, phenolic ethers, or acenaphthene derivatives with the overall formulas ##STR1## in which X is H, OH, SO.sub.3 H, Cl, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 andR is H or an alkyl radical, with 1 to 9 carbon atoms, at a pH between about 1 and 2, mixed if necessary with aromatic sulphonic acids, at a pH between about 1 and 2. The modified products can be employed wherever free formaldehyde is undesirable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particulate agent based on free-flowing pulverulent ammonium polyphosphates of the general formulaH.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1in which n is an integer having an average value of from approximately 20 to 800 and the ratio of m to n is approximately 1, for impeding the combustibility of combustible materials. The agent is comprised of(a) approximately 75 to 99% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, and(b) approximately 1 to 25% by weight of a hardened water-insoluble polycondensation product of melamine and formaldehyde encasing the individual ammonium polyphosphate particles.

Abstract: The non-flammable rigid foam e.g. used as a building material complies with the requirements of DIN 4102 and which provides a non-toxicity of the combustion fumes according to DIN 53436. It has a mass ratio of resin component:filler of at least 1:2,5 and a bulk density amounting to 50 kg/m.sup.3 to 450 kg/m.sup.3. The resin component is formed by reaction of50-62 mass parts resolic resin,0-15 mass parts furane resin,25-40 mass parts furfuryl alcohol,0,5-11,5 mass parts foam stabilizer including 14-17 mass parts per 100 mass parts of resin component plus filler of a curing agent mixture of phosphoric acid, boronhydrofluoric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid and water. The filler used is a mixture of40-55 mass % aluminium hydroxide10-35 mass parts boric acid2-7 mass parts sodium tetraborate5-10 mass parts manganese dioxide1-5 mass parts kopper-II-oxide1-4 mass parts magnesium hydroxysilicate1-2 mass parts aluminium silicate.

Abstract: The specification discloses a fire retardant composition, a plastic based thereon, a process making for same and a building component based thereon wherein the fire retardant comprises chemicals which when added to the plastic resin composition will undergo fractional, endothermic reactions under the action of high temperatures. The most preferred chemicals disclosed in the specification, and their proportions relative to one another, comprise from about 2 to about 10% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, from about 10 to about 50% by weight of monoammonium phosphate, from about 4 to about 12% by weight of anhydrous borax, from about 12 to about 40% by weight of borax, and from about 12 to about 40% by weight of a urea polymer, preferably melamine. Other additives may be included and are disclosed in the specification.

Abstract: A single-phase, storage-stable, emulsifier-free polyol mixture comprising 100 parts of a relatively high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene polyol of OH number from 20 to 120, which has at least 5% and less than 80% by weight, of terminal oxyethylene blocks; from 1 to 100 parts of a low molecular weight diol mixture which is a reaction product of ethylene glycol, butane diol-1,4, or a mixture of ethylene glycol and butane diol-1,4, with from 0.05 to 0.50 mols of alkyl oxiranes; from 0.1 to 5 parts of solubilizing additives comprising one or more salts, the cations of which are from Groups I, II and III of the Periodic Table, ammonium or mono- to tetra-alkyl ammonium ions, and the anions of which are produced by removing at least one proton from an acid having a K.sub.s value of at least 10.sup.-7 ; and, optionally, other compounds having isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms and other auxiliaries and additives for polyurethane production. Also polyurethanes produced using these polyol mixtures.

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester foams having fine and uniform cells are prepared at an atmospheric temperature from an admixture which comprises in combination a liquid unsaturated polyester resin, a hydrazide compound, a cobalt compound and a powdered inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of percarbonates, perborates and perphosphates.

Abstract: Various surfaces are polished by buffing with compositions comprising a foamed polymeric material and a finely divided abrasive material. The abrasive material has a particle size number and a valley abrasion number the product of which falls within a predetermined range sufficient to provide good polishing upon buffing. Such compositions can be fashioned into articles of manufacture which are capable of buffing various surfaces.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in the preparation of high resilience polyurethane foam. The improvement resides in the use of a select reaction mixture which includes a polyol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a cross-linking agent to stabilize the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to improve the rupture stability of polyurea foam materials to such a level that they can be applied on a commercial scale. This is achieved by incorporating 0.5 to 50 parts by weight of at least one alkanolamine having at least one amino group, one hydroxyl group and a molecular weight of from 47 to 2000 per 100 parts by weight of polyisocyanate used for the preparation of said polyurea foam materials. Preferably the foam material prepared is cut into pieces by cutting it in the rise direction, more particularly in the rise direction that is perpendicular to the machine direction of the foam, and subsequently crushing said pieces at least once.

Abstract: In the preparation of conventional or high resiliency flexible polyurethane flame retarded foams by reacting organic polyisocyanates with polyols containing vinylic polymers and employing flame retardant compounds, less flame retardant compound is required to pass the California Bulletin No. 117 flame test when the particle size of the vinylic polymers is greater than 0.5 microns.

Abstract: A select polyether polyol is used in preparing flexible polyurethane foam having desirable physical properties. The select polyether polyol is an oxypropylated, oxyethylated triol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material. The resulting foam is of utility in various applications, such as cushioning.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams are described which are the product of reaction under foam producing conditions of a combination of (a) an aromatic polyisocyanate; (b) a polyether polyol with the optional use of a minor amount of a cross-linking polyol; (c) antimony oxide; (d) a polyhalogenated aromatic compound; and (e) a hydrated inorganic salt.The foams have flame retardant properties superior to those of the prior art while at the same time having physical properties equal or superior to the prior art materials. Accordingly, the foams of the invention meet very stringent tests for fire retardance required of seat cushioning, mattresses, and like materials in aircraft, institutions such as hospitals, convalescent homes, and the like.

Abstract: A method and material for cementing solid animal tissue in situ is disclosed. Fractured and broken bones, roots of teeth, prosthetic devices and the like are cemented in place and by means of a composition which, when mixed and applied, foams to form a porous cement and cures in place having effervescent, adhesive and partially reabsorptive properties.

Abstract: A low reactive pressure flame-retardant polyurethane foam made by reacting together a polymeric isocyanate, a polyol, an aqueous solution of a carbohydrate, calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and a flame retardant. A blowing agent may be present.

Abstract: Polyol compositions containing effectively dispersed particulate material featuring critical dispersion characteristics are used to stabilize foam reaction in high resilience polyurethane foam.

Abstract: A method of producing cross-linked unsaturated polyesters from a solution of a linear unsaturated polyester in a cross-linking agent, wherein a reaction medium comprising said solution and containing free hydroxyl radicals is brought in contact, at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure, with at least one hydrolyzable chlorine-containing derivative in an amount from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on said solution.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers and which produces a char when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming an aldehyde or an aldehyde generator.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: A polyimide foam is provided which has improved resistance to crumbling and to high temperatures. The foam is produced by reacting polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI) with benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) in the presence of furfuryl alcohol and concentrated phosphoric acid (PA). The ratio of PA to PAPI, (PA/PAPI), must be approximately 20 to 26% by weight.

Abstract: Styrene polymers are prepared by suspension polymerization using, as suspension stabilizers, mixtures of(A) a sparingly soluble inorganic metal compound and(B) a fine polymer dispersion.The styrene polymers may be used, together with blowing agents, for the manufacture of foams.

Abstract: A fire-retarding polyurethane foam is applied to the interior surfaces of a mine such as mine shafts, entries and tunnels. The coating is applied by spraying a mixture of foam-forming ingredients including a hydrophilic polyoxyalkylene urethane prepolymer and a large amount of an aqueous slurry containing a phosphorous compound, alumina trihydrate and a char-forming material such as starch or wood cellulose. The foam coating acts as a protective sealant, and it can also be applied on other surfaces where insulation and fire retardancy are desired.

Abstract: Furan-modified rigid isocyanurate foams are taught herein. The foams herein are prepared by either (1) the in situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and/or furfural during the foam formation reaction, or (2) the catalytic condensation of a furfuryl alcohol-blocked organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Improved hydrophilic crosslinked polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting (a) an isocyanate-capped polyoxyethylene prepolymer with (b) at least 20 moles of water per mole of NCO groups in the presence of (c) alumina hydrate, (d) a phosphorus fire-retardant additive and (e) an organic carbon compound which serves to react with phosphate anions at high temperatures (e.g., in the presence of a flame) and reinforces the char provided by combustion of the foam.

Abstract: Covers a water-modified diisocyanate mixture obtained from water-treating a diphenylmethane diisocyanate to provide a diisocyanate mixture comprising 3-25 percent by weight of diphenylmethane biuret isocyanate and 75-97 percent diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Also covers the use of said water-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate in preparing an improved polyurethane or polyisocyanurate polymer. Also covers said polymers.

Abstract: Normally flammable halohydrocarbon polymer compositions containing combustible plasticizer are rendered flame-retardant or self-extinguishing by incorporating therein elemental phosphorus having a specific gravity greater than two.

Abstract: There is provided an intumescent composition comprising a cyclic nitrogen compound, a phosphorus polyol, a phosphorus acid, and water.

Abstract: An intumescent composition comprising a polymeric binder, a mineral acid catalyst, a source of carbon, and a blowing agent in which the polymeric binder is a solution of a plasticized unsaturated polyester in an unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: Flame and temperature resistant polyimide foams are prepared by the reaction of an aromatic dianhydride, e.g., pyromellitic dianhydride, with an aromatic polyisocyanate, e.g., polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate (PAPI) in the presence of an inorganic acid and a lower molecular weight alcohol, e.g., dilute sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and furfuryl alcohol.The exothermic reaction between the acid and the alcohol provides the heat necessary for the other reactants to polymerize without the application of any external heat. Such mixtures, therefore, are ideally suited for in situ foam formation, especially where the application of heat is not practical or possible.

Abstract: An insoluble phosphorus-nitrogen-silica flame retardant composition having a crystal structure similar to Form V ammonium polyphosphate.

Abstract: Production of foamed plastics with improved combustion characteristics by condensing aqueous solutions of aminoplast precondensates with at least bifunctional organic isocyanate whereby an acid curing catalyst and an accelerator for polyurethane formation is used. For performing the condensation, the aqueous solution of the precondensate is added to the mixture of isocyanate and the accelerator at the same time as but separately from the acid curing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides particular phenol/formaldehyde resoles which are especially useful as foamable resins, and further provides cellular phenolic products having physical properties which are especially attractive for end-use application as construction foam. The resoles are characterized by a particular relationship between their viscosity and water content, expressed as the area bounded by certain points on a plot of resole viscosity on a logarithmic scale, as a function of water content of the resole, the particular area depending upon the mole ratio of formaldehyde-to-phenol at which the resole has been condensed. It has been found that phenol-formaldehyde resoles having the defined viscosity/water relationship are capable of providing phenolic foam having acceptable foam processability, a foam density from about 1.90 to about 3.

Abstract: An improved flame and fire retardant composition is obtained by reacting the appropriate ingredients in liquid form, drying the product to cake form and pulverizing to obtain a fire and heat retardant powder. This powdered form is advantageous in that it may be readily handled and may be associated or used with fire unstable materials that would be adversely affected by a liquid composition. The powdered form has a low bulk density and can thus create economies in the weight of material used to provide effective fire and heat retardant properties.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting an active hydrogen-containing organic compound with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and an amylaceous material which has been stabilized (a) by treating with a stabilizing agent containing an effective amount of an antioxidant capable of inhibiting the formation of oxidation products in the amylaceous material upon exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere or (b) by removing substantially all, or at least a major portion, of the oxidizable materials, particularly fatty acids or fats, from the amylaceous material.

Abstract: A low reactive pressure flame-retardant polyurethane foam made by reacting together a polymeric isocyanate, a polyol, an aqueous solution of a carbohydrate, calcium acid phosphate, sodium aluminum sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and a flame retardant. A blowing agent may be present.