Abstract: A polyisocyanurate foam insulation product is produced from an isocyanate component and a polyol-containing component including a blowing agent. The polyol-containing component comprises one or more polyols, a fire retardant, and a hydroxyl-containing low-molecular-weight additive effective to increase the R-value per inch of the insulation product as measured at 40° F., as compared with an otherwise-identical formulation lacking the hydroxyl-containing low-molecular-weight additive. The polyisocyanurate foam insulation product may have an R-value per inch of at least 6.0 when measured at 40° F. and may have an R-value per inch of at least 5.5 when measured at 25° F. Suitable hydroxyl-containing low-molecular-weight additives may include triethanolamine, trimethylolpropane, N-methyldiethanolamine, 1,4 butanediol, or another suitable multi-functional alcohol or combination of multi-functional alcohols.

Abstract: A reaction mixture and a process for making a polyisocyanurate comprising rigid foam having a density in the range 50-500 kg/m3 is disclosed, said process having a cream time >35 seconds and a snap cure behaviour.

Abstract: The invention relates to foam materials that are resistant to high temperatures, to the production of same from aromatic polyisocyanates and polyepoxides, and to the use of said foam materials.

Abstract: A multi-layered ballistic material can include a polyurethane foam layer and a ballistic impact absorption layer. The polyurethane foam can be formed from an isocyanate and a polyol; a polymerization reactor initiator that is an isoprenoid compound; and a polymerization reaction accelerator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethanes where (a) polyisocyanate, (b) polymeric compounds having groups reactive toward isocyanates, (c) catalysts, (d) sulfur-carbon compounds selected from the group consisting of sulfinic acid derivatives of the general formula (I) and/or sulfonic acid derivatives according to the general formula (II) where R1 and R2 can be identical or different and are respectively any desired substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon moiety, with the proviso that the carbon atom bonded to the sulfur atom is an aliphatic carbon atom, and optionally (e) blowing agent, (f) chain extender and/or crosslinking agent, and (g) auxiliaries and/or additives are mixed to give a reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture is allowed to complete a reaction to give the polyurethane. The present invention further relates to polyurethanes produced by this process and to the use of these polyurethanes in the interior of means of transport.

Abstract: A first aspect of the present invention is an adhesive composition comprising one or more polyisocyanates and one or more phosphate-functional polyols. A second aspect of the present invention is a method of bonding two substrates together to form a bonded article, said method comprising the steps of applying a layer of the composition of the first aspect to one of said substrates, contacting said layer of the composition of claim 1 to a second substrate, and curing or allowing to cure the composition of claim 1. A third aspect of the present invention is a bonded article formed by the method of the second aspect.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams which are highly flame resistant are described, as well as the production of such polyurethane foams by the reaction between a natural polyol, such as sucrose or a blend of mono- or disaccharides in place of the standard hydrocarbon-based polyol component, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable polyurethane forming catalyst and a non-halogenated flame retardant, and optionally one or more components such as surfactants and/or emulsifiers. The resultant polyurethane foam has a bio-based solid content ranging from about 17% to 30%, may be formulated in a variety of foam densities for a variety of applications, and exhibits a high degree of fire and burn resistance, as exhibited by the flame spread index, flash over resistance determination, and the smoke spread values.

Abstract: Embodiments include oxazolidone ring containing adducts obtainable by combining an aliphatic epoxy compound, an aromatic epoxy compound, and a diisocyanate. Embodiments further include a curable powder coating composition including a resin component and a hardener component, where the resin component includes the oxazolidone ring containing adduct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame-resistant composition, a fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite comprising the flame-resistant composition and the use thereof. In particular, the invention describes a flame-resistant polyurethane-composite forming composition and a combustion-modified, fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite comprising the flame-resistant polyurethane-composite forming composition, for applications in vehicles and for building products. The invention also describes a long-fiber injection molding process for the preparation of the combustion-modified, fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite. The fiber-reinforced polyurethane composite of the invention show improved fire-reaction behavior, measured as Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), and a reduced smoke production.

Abstract: A composition comprising: a) one or more isocyanate functional prepolymers; and b) one or more compounds containing one or more hydroperoxide groups; wherein components a) and b) are kept separate until cure is desired. The composition can be used in the form of a two part adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing composite parts comprising a thermoformable rigid polyurethane foam and a covering material, wherein a thermoformable polyurethane foam is provided and adhesively bonded to covering material, where a moisture-curing polyurethane adhesive which is cured by bringing into contact with an alkaline, aqueous alkali metal solution is used as adhesive. The present invention further relates to a composite part which can be obtained by such a process and to the use of such a composite part in vehicles.

Abstract: A method of making hydroxymethylphosphonate comprising heating paraformaldehyde in a solvent to a desired reaction temperature, wherein the solvent is present in at least an amount necessary to solvate or suspend the paraformaldehyde; adding at least one alkyl phosphite to the heated paraformaldehyde, to provide hydroxymethylphosphonate, the alkyl phosphite being added to the heated paraformaldehyde at a rate which will avoid or inhibit the production of a significant exotherm and resulting high/significant level of acid by-product(s), there being present in the reaction medium at least one hindered amine catalyst in which the nitrogen in the amine is directly bound to a secondary and/or tertiary carbon of an organic group; and, optionally, following the completion of the addition, heating the reaction mixture to an elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foamed polyurethane obtainable by mixing a) polyisocyanates, b) relatively high molecular weight compounds having groups reactive toward isocyanate groups, c) solid particles, d) blowing agents, e) if appropriate, chain extender, crosslinking agent or mixtures thereof, f) if appropriate, catalyst and g) if appropriate, other additives to give a reaction mixture and allowing the reaction mixture to react to completion, the propotion of chain extender being less than 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the components a) to f), the content of solid particles being greater than 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the components a) to f), and the average functionality of the relatively high molecular weight compounds having groups reactive toward isocyanate groups being less 2.5.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate-based polymers are formed by curing a reaction mixture containing at least one polyisocyanate and at least one isocyanate-reactive compound having at least two isocyanate-reactive groups in the presence of a bismuth thiophosphoric acid diester salt.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a fluorine-containing phosphate ester-amide which has high flame retardancy such as exhibiting flame retardant effects at a small quantity of addition, and sufficient hydrolysis resistance. [Solution] A fluorine-containing phosphate ester-amide represented by general formula (1). (In the formula, R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which at least one carbon bonded to a nitrogen atom is a secondary or tertiary carbon, wherein R1 and R2 may have a substituent group selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a methyl amino group, an ethyl amino group, a dimethyl amino group, diethyl amino group and a fluorine atom. In addition, R1 and R2 may be bonded together to form a five- to eight-membered cyclic structure. X and Y are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and n and m represent an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: A method for improving the thermal stability of polyurethane-modified polyisocyanurate (PU-PIR) foams is provided. Moreover, a process for producing the PU-PIR foams exhibiting improved thermal stability is provided. The foams have incorporated therein a high molecular weight ammonium polyphosphate (APP). APP is employed as a partial or complete substitute for flame retardants conventionally employed in PU-PIR foams. The foams of the invention exhibit excellent and improved thermal stability characteristics as compared to foams to which no APP has been added.

Abstract: A method for preparing a conjugated microporous polymer comprises the coupling of an alkynyl aryl monomer having a plurality of terminal alkyne groups with an iodo- or bromo-aryl monomer having a plurality of halogen atoms in the presence of a palladium (0) catalyst. The conjugated microporous polymer comprises nodes comprising at least one aryl unit and struts comprising at least one alkyne unit and at least one aryl unit, wherein a node is bonded from its aryl unit or units to at least two struts via alkyne units. Such polymers are useful in numerous areas such as separations, controlled release, gas storage and supports for catalysts.

Abstract: The use of at least one diphosphine of formula (I), wherein X is S or O; n is 0 or 1; R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-hydroxyalkoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryl, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryloxy, C1-C10-thioalkyl, C6-C10-thioaryl or C1-C4-thioalkyl-C6-C10-aryl, NR5R6, COR2, COOR5 or CONR5R6; R5, R6 are H, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl; as a flame retardant in a polyurethane material is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation for a polyurethane foam and a polymer polyol preparation for a polyurethane foam, each of which exhibits high coloration and discoloration inhibition properties over a long period of time when stored, and to a composition for a polyurethane foam, which is excellent in storage stability and is preferable as a resin premix.

Abstract: Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams having a NFPA 101 Class A rating (ASTM E-84) are produced from a foam-forming reaction mixture that includes: an organic polyisocyanate, an isocyanate-reactive composition that includes at least one polyether polyol or polyester polyol with a nominal hydroxyl functionality of at least 2.0, a blowing agent composition and at least one halogen-free flame retardant. The blowing agent composition includes: (1) up to 5% by weight, based on total weight of the foam-forming composition, of one or more hydrocarbons having an LEL less than 2% by volume in air; and/or (2) a hydrocarbon having an LEL greater than 2% by volume in air; and (3) up to 1% by weight, based on total weight of foam-forming composition, of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foamable mixture which contains at least one alkoxysilane-terminated prepolymer and which can be produced of a) at least one alkoxysilane that was functionalized with isocyanate groups and that can be produced of at least one hydroxyfunctional and/or aminofunctional alkoxysilane and at least one diisocyanate or polyisocyanate, and b) at least one compound that contains at least one OH group, and at least one blowing agent, characterized in that the foamable mixture has a dynamic viscosity of 100 to 25,000 mPas, preferably 500 to 10,000 mPas, at 23° C. The invention further relates to a method for producing said foamable mixture. The foamable mixtures according to the invention are suitable for sealing, insulating and mounting joints, roof surfaces, windows and doors or for filling hollow spaces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing rigid polyurethane foams by reaction of A) one or more organic polyisocyanates, B) one or more polyester polyols, C) optionally one or more polyether polyols, D) a flame-retardant mixture, E) further auxiliaries or addition agents, F) one or more blowing agents, and also G) catalysts, wherein said flame-retardant mixture D) comprises d1) 10 to 90 wt %, based on the amount of flame-retardant mixture, of a flame retardant having a boiling point of not more than 220° C., and d2) 10 to 90 wt %, based on the amount of flame-retardant mixture, of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant having a boiling point of above 220° C., wherein said components d1) and d2) total 100 wt %.

Abstract: Combinations of gelatinous elastomer and polyurethane foam may be made by introducing a plasticized triblock copolymer resin and/or a diblock copolymer resin at least partially cured into gel particles into a mixture of polyurethane foam forming components including a polyol and an isocyanate. The plasticized copolymer resin is polymerized to form a cured gelatinous elastomer or gel, which is then reduced in size, for instance to give an average particle size of 10 millimeters or less. Polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate forms polyurethane foam. The polyurethane reaction is exothermic and can generate sufficient temperature to at least partially melt the styrene-portion of the triblock copolymer resin thereby extending the crosslinking and in some cases integrating the triblock copolymer within the polyurethane polymer matrix. The gel component has higher heat capacity than polyurethane foam and thus has good thermal conductivity and acts as a heat sink.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of low triphenyl phosphate, high phosphorous content aryl phosphates with high ortho alkylation as flame retardants in polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams or polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam formulations.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam article exhibiting flame resistance comprises the reaction product of an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive component comprising a polyol reactive with the isocyanate. The isocyanate and the isocyanate-reactive component are reacted in the presence of a blowing agent and a phospholene oxide. A method of producing the flexible polyurethane foam article includes the step of reacting the isocyanate and the isocyanate-reactive component in the presence of the blowing agent and an effective amount of the phospholene oxide to form the flexible polyurethane foam article which is flame resistant.

Abstract: A bioresin composition is used to form a rigid polyurethane article that includes a first and a second biopolyol and is substantially free of aprotic solvents that chemically decompose in the presence of water. The first biopolyol includes a natural oil component. The second biopolyol includes the reaction product of a natural carbohydrate and an alkylene oxide. The rigid polyurethane foam article includes the reaction product of the bioresin composition and an isocyanate which are reacted in the presence of a chemical blowing agent.

Abstract: There is provided herein a flame-retardant additive composition comprising a halogenated hydroxyl-containing compound; and, a dialkyl phosphite. There is also provided polyurethane foam-forming composition(s) containing the flame-retardant additive, and polyurethane foams made therefrom.

Abstract: The invention described herein relates to an essentially closed-cell two-component polyurethane foam containing an pesticide, which upon curing provides a barrier to insect infestation.

Abstract: A process for preparing water-absorbing polymeric foams by polymerization of a foamed aqueous monomer solution or suspension, comprising an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which bears acid groups and may be at least partly neutralized, a crosslinker, a photoinitiator and a surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of preparing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which facilitate chemical hydrolysis and more particularly the hydrolysis of chemical substrates which possess hydrolytically labile bonds such as peptides and proteins. The present invention is thus directed to MIPs designed to possess hydrolytic activity, methods for preparing such MIPs and uses of the MIPs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retardant comprising a) at least one sulfur compound of the formula (I) b) at least one halogen-free organophosphorus compound with phosphorus content in the range from 0.5 to 40% by weight, based on the phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A method of making hydroxymethylphosphonate comprising heating paraformaldehyde in a solvent to a desired reaction temperature, wherein the solvent is present in at least an amount necessary to solvate or suspend the paraformaldehyde; adding at least one alkyl phosphite to the heated paraformaldehyde, to provide hydroxymethylphosphonate, the alkyl phosphite being added to the heated paraformaldehyde at a rate which will avoid or inhibit the production of a significant exotherm and resulting high/significant level of acid by-product(s), there being present in the reaction medium at least one hindered amine catalyst in which the nitrogen in the amine is directly bound to a secondary and/or tertiary carbon of an organic group; and, optionally, following the completion of the addition, heating the reaction mixture to an elevated temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to fire-resistant, flexible, molded, medium density polyurethane foams. These foams typically have a density of from 10 to 30 pcf. The foams are the reaction product of a) at least one polyester polyol, b) at least one highly branched polyether polyol, c) at least one chain extender, d) a polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate), an isocyanate group containing prepolymer based on a polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanate), or mixtures thereof, e) a solid flame retardant and f) water. This invention also relates to a process for preparing these polyurethane foams in open molds.

Abstract: Fire-resistant, medium density molded polyurethane foams which may be removed from a mold in substantially shorter times than previously possible are produced by the process of the present invention. These reduced de-mold times are achieved by including a solid flame retardant composition in the polyurethane foam forming composition. This solid flame retardant composition includes a melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate and zinc borate.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam-forming composition and the flexible polyurethane foam obtained therefrom contain, as flame-retardant additive, a halogen-free phosphonate compound which is substantially unreactive for isocyanate, contains at least about 5 weight percent phosphorus, has an acid value of about 2 mg KOH/g or less, a volatility as measured by thermogravimetric analysis not exceeding a 5.0 percent weight loss at a temperature of about 150° C., and a weight average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.

Abstract: An all-liquid foam-forming system contains: a first part (A) containing at least one liquid isocyanate or polyisocyanate; and a second part (B) containing: at least one liquid aromatic polyester polyol having an hydroxyl value of at least 110 mg KOH/gram and an average hydroxyl functionality of at least 2, at least two liquid halogenated flame retardants and water; the foam-forming system having an NCO/OH ratio of from about 0.9:1 to about 1.3:1; wherein the first and second parts are such that reaction therebetween forms a rigid polyurethane foam having a density of at least about 5 pcf and an ASTM E-84 Class 1 rating. Resultant polyurethane foams can be used to make articles, particularly for use in commercial decorative molding applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foamable mixture which contains at least one alkoxysilane-terminated prepolymer and which can be produced of a) at least one alkoxysilane that was functionalized with isocyanate groups and that can be produced of at least one hydroxyfunctional and/or aminofunctional alkoxysilane and at least one diisocyanate or polyisocyanate, and b) at least one compound that contains at least one OH group, and at least one blowing agent, characterized in that the foamable mixture has a dynamic viscosity of 100 to 25,000 mPas, preferably 500 to 10,000 mPas, at 23° C. The invention further relates to a method for producing said foamable mixture. The foamable mixtures according to the invention are suitable for sealing, insulating and mounting joints, roof surfaces, windows and doors or for filling hollow spaces.

Abstract: New highly-effective non-halogen, low VOC, low fogging, and cost-effective oligomeric polyphosphonate flame retardants for flexible polyurethane foams as well as for other flame retardant applications are described. In addition, methods for the preparation and uses of such new highly effective flame retardants are described.

Abstract: The instant invention provides an isocyanate trimerisation catalyst system, a precursor formulation, a process for trimerising isocyanates, rigid foams made therefrom, and a process for making such foams. The trimerisation catalyst system comprises: (a) a phosphonium cation; and (b) an isocyanate-trimer inducing anion; wherein said trimerisation catalyst system has a trimerisation activation temperature in the range of equal to or less than 73° C. The precursor formulation comprises (1) at least 25 percent by weight of polyol, based on the weight of the precursor formulation; (2) less than 15 percent by weight of a trimerisation catalyst system, based on the weight of the precursor formulation, comprising; (a) a phosphonium cation; and (c) an isocyanate-timer inducing anion; wherein said trimerisation catalyst system has a trimerisation activation temperature in the range of equal to or less than 73° C.

Abstract: The instant invention provides an isocyanate trimerisation catalyst system, a precursor formulation, a process for trimerising isocyanates, rigid foams made therefrom, and a process for making such foams. The trimerisation catalyst system comprises: (a) a substituted iminium cation; and (b) an isocyanate-trimer inducing anion; wherein said trimerisation catalyst system has a trimerisation activation temperature in the range of equal to or less than 73° C. The precursor formulation comprises (1) at least 25 percent by weight of polyol, based on the weight of the precursor formulation; (2) less than 15 percent by weight of a trimerisation catalyst system, based on the weight of the precursor formulation, comprising; (a) a substituted iminium cation; and (c) an isocyanate-trimer inducing anion; wherein said trimerisation catalyst system has a trimerisation activation temperature in the range of equal to or less than 73° C.

Abstract: The instant invention provides an isocyanate trimerisation catalyst system, a precursor formulation, a process for trimerising isocyanates, rigid foams made therefrom, and a process for making such foams. The trimerisation catalyst system comprises: (a) a phosphatrane cation; and (b) an isocyanate-trimer inducing anion; wherein said trimerisation catalyst system has a trimerisation activation temperature in the range of equal to or less than 73 C.

Abstract: The use of at least one diphosphine of formula (I), wherein X is S or O; n is 0 or 1; R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently C1-C10-alkyl, C1-C10-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C10-alkoxy, C1-C10-hydroxyalkoxy, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkoxy, C6-C10-aryl, C6-C10-aryloxy, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkoxy, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryl, C6-C10-hydroxy-aryloxy, C1-C10-thioalkyl, C6-C10-thioaryl or C1-C4-thioalkyl-C6-C10-aryl, NR5R6, COR2, COOR5 or CONR5R6; R5, R6 are H, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, C6-C10-aryl or C6-C10-aryl-C1-C4-alkyl; as a flame retardant in a polyurethane material is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flame retarded polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam formulations, flame retardant additives suitable for use therein, and flame retarded foams made therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of manufacturing flame-retardant polyethylene or polypropylene foam using a derivative of carboxylic acid of phenylphosphinic acid and the flame-retardant polymer foam made thereby. More specifically, this invention concerns a method of manufacturing highly expanded flame-retardant polymer foam prepared by mixing the above mentioned phosphorous flame retardant in a polymer resin and expanding the mixture with a volatile blowing agent or by applying a solution of an organic phosphorous compound to an already-made highly expanded foam and then drying the highly-expanded polymer foam, and the flame-retardant foam prepared thereby.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition which is suitable for producing polyurethane foams and comprises at least one lecithin, at least one urethane and/or isocyanurate catalyst, at least one blowing agent, at least one isocyanate component and at least one polyol component and which is characterized in that the mass ratio of lecithin to polyol component is less than 2.5:100, and also a process for producing rigid polyurethane foams, the foams themselves and their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flame retarded flexible polyurethane foam formulations, flame retardant additives suitable for use therein, and flame retarded foams made therefrom.

Abstract: A method of making hydroxymethylphosphonate comprising heating paraformaldehyde in a solvent to a desired reaction temperature, wherein the solvent is present in at least an amount necessary to solvate or suspend the paraformaldehyde; adding at least one alkyl phosphite to the heated paraformaldehyde, to provide hydroxymethylphosphonate, the alkyl phosphite being added to the heated paraformaldehyde at a rate which will avoid or inhibit the production of a significant exotherm and resulting high/significant level of acid by-product(s), there being present in the reaction medium at least one hindered amine catalyst in which the nitrogen in the amine is directly bound to a secondary and/or tertiary carbon of an organic group; and, optionally, following the completion of the addition, heating the reaction mixture to an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam-forming composition and the flexible polyurethane foam obtained therefrom contain, as flame-retardant additive, a halogen-free phosphonate compound which is substantially unreactive for isocyanate, contains at least about 5 weight percent phosphorus, has an acid value of about 2 mg KOH/g or less, a volatility as measured by thermogravimetric analysis not exceeding a 5.0 percent weight loss at a temperature of about 150° C., and a weight average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 2000.

Abstract: Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam compositions, methods of flame retarding flexible polyurethane foam compositions, articles made therefrom and flame retardants that comprise blends of tetrahalophthalate esters and phosphorus-containing flame retardant having at least about 5 wt. % phosphorus additives. The combined weight of the tetrahalophthalate ester and the phosphorus-containing flame retardant comprises about 5 to about 20% by weight of the flexible polyurethane foam compositions or reaction mixtures. The ratio of the tetrahalophthalate ester to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is from about 80:20 to about 20:80 percent by weight and preferably from about 60:40 to about 40:60 percent by weight.

Abstract: Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam compositions, methods of flame retarding flexible polyurethane foam compositions, articles made therefrom and flame retardants that comprise blends of (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester and phosphorus-containing flame retardant having at least about 5 wt. % phosphorus additives. The combined weight of the (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester and the phosphorus-containing flame retardant comprises about 5 to about 40% by weight of the flexible polyurethane foam compositions or reaction mixtures. The ratio of the (alkyl substituted) triaryl phosphate ester to the phosphorus-containing flame retardant is from about 95:5 to about 50:50 percent by weight.