Abstract: Unsaturated polyester foams having fine and uniform cells are prepared at an atmospheric temperature from an admixture which comprises in combination a liquid unsaturated polyester resin, a hydrazide compound, a cobalt compound and a powdered inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of percarbonates, perborates and perphosphates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for sealing fissures and leaks in construction by pressing sealing agents comprising liquid compounds having free isocyanate groups, and optionally auxiliary aids and additives, into the constructions to be sealed, characterized in that sealing agents which are substantially free of solvent are used which contain as compounds having free isocyanate groups reaction products of polyhydroxy polyethers with polyisocyanate mixtures of the diphenyl methane series having at least about 20% by weight, based on the weight of the polyisocyanate component, of 2,4'-diisocyanato diphenyl methane, in an NCO/OH equivalent ratio of from about 2:1 to 15:1. The present invention is also directed to the novel sealing agents used in this process.

Abstract: This invention concerns sprayable emulsions of a foamable polymer in water which are useful as aerosol caulking or insulating compositions.

Abstract: Plastics are produced by reacting at least one compound containing sulfonic acid groups with at least one aldehyde in the presence of a hydroxy compound in an acidic concentrated aqueous solution having a water content of about 20 to 30% by weight. If a tenside is present the reactants will form a foam. The preferred sulfonic acid-containing compound is the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, the preferred hydroxy compound is a phenol, vix. resorcinol, and the preferred aldehyde is formaldehyde which may be formed in situ from hexamethylenetetramine, paraformaldehyde, trioxane, or the like.

Abstract: Antioxidant compositions containing (a) a sterically hindered phenol, (b) 4,4'-bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl) diphenyl amine and (c) a phenothiazine compound stabilize polyols against oxidative degradation and prevent urethane foams prepared therefrom from scorching.

Abstract: Smoke suppressed rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from a reaction mixture comprising as the smoke suppressant additive a metal salt of a: dialkyl dithiocarbamate, a mercaptobenzothiazole, a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a mercaptotriazine, a hydroxy thiophenol or an aliphatic dimercapto compound of 2 to 10 carbons.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of an inorganic-organic foam composition comprising reacting an organic, nonionic hydrophilic polyisocyanate with an aqueous alkali metal silicate in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent, the improvement wherein said aqueous alkali metal silicate contains from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous alkali metal silicate, of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of N, P and S, wherein R, R', R" and R'" may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of allyl, vinyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.17 alkyl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted alkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted aryl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.22 aralkyl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted aralkyl, and C.sub.7 to C.sub.

Abstract: A low-density, low-friability, furfuryl-phenol thermosetting foam product is prepared by reacting, in the presence of a blowing agent and an acid catalyst, a furfuryl-alcohol monomer or polymer and a benzylic-ether phenol-formaldehyde resin, having a mole ratio of benzylic-ether phenol to formaldehyde of from about 1:3 to 1:11, which reaction provides a closed-cell, thermosetting foam product having a foam density of 0.5 pound per cubic foot or less.

Abstract: A low-friability, flame-retardant, thermosetting foam product is prepared by reacting, in the presence of a blowing agent and a strong acid catalyst, a furfuryl-alcohol polymer and a phenol-formaldehyde resin, having a mole ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of from about 1:1.2 to 1:2.0, which reaction provides a low-friability, flame-retardant, thermosetting foam product.

Abstract: Foam products are disclosed which are produced by incorporating active materials, utilizing in situ methods, into the cell structure of hydrophillic polyurethane foams. The products obtained are characterized by a controlled rate of release of the active material from the foam structure.

Abstract: Improved adhesion between the skin and core of laminates having rigid polyisocyanurate foam cores is obtained by incorporating a dipolar aprotic organic solvent, in minor amount, into the reaction mixture employed to prepare the polyisocyanurate foam core.

Abstract: A process for making a polyurethane which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a higher molecular weight organic polyhydroxyl compound in the presence of a catalyst having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X is sulfur or NH and n is a whole number from 2 to 6. Also used is a catalyst which is a combination of the above-mentioned catalyst and an organic tin compound.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to hexahydrotriazine carboxylates, a method for their preparation, and their use as catalysts in the production of polyisocyanurate plastics.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethane foams by reacting polyisocyanates with polyhydroxyl compounds of a specified molecular weight range in the presence of blowing agents and chain lengthening or cross-linking agents and optionally in the presence of catalysts, foam stabilizers and other additives generally known. The improvement resides in(a) the polyisocyanates used containing aliphatically and/or cycloaliphatically bound isocyanate groups;(b) the polyhydroxyl compounds used containing ether groups; and(c) the chain lengthening or cross-linking agents comprising at least in part a member selected from the group consisting of a monoalkoxylated hydrazine, a dialkoxylated hydrazine, a reaction product of a monoalkoxylated or dialkoxylated hydrazine with an aliphatic monoisocyanate in a molar ratio of 1:1. The reaction is carried out in the presence of additional chain lengthening agents having a specified molecular weight.

Abstract: Closed cell phenol-aldehyde foam is prepared by a method which includes a novel frothing and curing technique. An admixture containing a liquid phenolaldehyde resole resin, a volatile blowing agent, and a surfactant is frothed to produce a stable froth containing closed cells. The cell walls are formed of the liquid resole resin and the closed cells are expanded by the blowing agent in gaseous phase. The froth is formed into an uncured shape and the liquid resole resin is cured to the solid state in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce cured closed cell foam. The internal temperature throughout the shape during curing is above the boiling point of the blowing agent but less than 212.degree. F., and is sufficiently low to prevent further expansion of the shape in an amount to rupture the closed cell walls and thereby form an open cell structure.

Abstract: Stable melamine-polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol dispersions are prepared by the in situ reduction of melamine particles wherein 90 percent of the melamine particles have a particle size of less than 10 microns. Stabilizers for the melamine-polyol dispersion are selected from the group consisting of(a) silicic acids and silicates,(b) salts of perfluorinated alkyl carboxylic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, salts of alkyl sulfonic acids and perfluorinated alkylsulfonic acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and polyperfluoroether polyols having molecular weights of 300 to 6000, and(c) salts of fatty alcohol sulfates having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.These dispersions are useful for the preparation of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to new, hydrophilic, fabric softener foam compositions having improved release ability of the fabric softener abetted by the addition of a hydrophilic polyether polyol release agent to the aqueous reactant containing the fabric softener prior to reacting the aqueous reactant with a hydrophilic, isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to form the foam.

Abstract: A process for preparing an integral-skinned polyurethane foam wherein a foamable composition for formation of polyurethane which comprises a polyol, polyisocyanate, cross-linking agent, catalyst, and blowing agent is reacted and expanded in a mold, characterized in that(a) said polyol is a polyether polyol having a terminal ethylene oxide adduct rate of at least 60%, an OH number of 20 to 100 and a functionality of 4 to 8, or a polyester polyol having a functionality of 4 to 8;(b) said polyisocyanate is a non-aromatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate index of 90 to 130;(c) said cross-linking agent is diethanolamine and ranges from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said polyol;(d) said catalyst is an organometallic salt; and(e) said blowing agent is a halogenated hydrocarbon of a low boiling point.

Abstract: The reaction of isocyanates with substances containing isocyanate groups or active hydrogen groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups and the like, are initiated by sulfonium zwitterions such as the ar-cyclic sulfonium areneoxides. Accordingly, partially trimerized isocyanates, polyurethanes and other useful materials can be made.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of flame resistant foams by the impregnation of polyurethane foams with a dispersion consisting substantially of an aluminum hydroxide, a polyurethane latex, an alumino-silicate and surface active substances which results in foams having very desirable mechanical properties as well as excellent flame resistant properties.

Abstract: Flexible or semiflexible low density polyetherurethane foams containing antimony trioxide, zinc oxide and a brominated diphenyl ether or oxide having from 4 to 10 bromine atoms exhibit good flame retardant properties and also exhibit good resistance to smoldering.

Abstract: The invention relates to carbodiimide- and/or uretonimine-isocyanurate-containing polyisocyanates, to the process for their preparation, and to microcellular foams prepared therefrom.These compositions may be prepared in the presence of the appropriate catalyst by(a) a partial trimerization of a mixture of polyisocyanate and carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate with trimer catalyst to the desired free isocyanate level,(b) sequential, partial carbodiimidization followed by partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate to the desired free isocyanate level(c) sequential partial trimerization of a polyisocyanate followed by partial carbodiimidization,(d) simultaneous conversion using the mixed catalyst system of carbodiimide and isocyanurate catalysts reacted to the desired free isocyanate level, and(e) blending liquid polyisocyanate with the carbodiimide and uretonimine containing polyisocyanate and isocyanurate containing polyisocyanate to the desired isocyanate level.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared from polyols stabilized against oxidative degradation with a synergistic combination of a sterically hindered phenol and 4,4'-bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)diphenyl amine in which a portion of either the phenol or the amine or a portion of both have been replaced with a phenothiazine compound.

Abstract: Urea-formaldehyde polymers having reduced formaldehyde emissions are produced by incorporating in the prepolymer an aromatic substance incapable of reacting with urea formaldehyde in alkaline media but capable of reacting with urea formaldehyde in acid media in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate the free formaldehyde emissions therefrom. Also disclosed is a cellular urea-formaldehyde foam which is resistant to acid-induced hydrolysis, the foam prepared by incorporating a polyalkyl polynuclear metal sulfonate foaming agent in the acid catalyst solution for the urea-formaldehyde prepolymer.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches synthetic polyurethane sponges manufactured with at least 4% of one or more additives dispersed therein. The additives may be soap, lotions, detergents, pesticides, lanolin, scouring particles, silicone oils, bath oils, or the like or combinations thereof. The sponges' skeletons are developed by reaction of a polyether or a polyester with a suitable isocyanate in the presence of a catalyst with the additives entrapped in voids of the sponges. An additive bearing material, i.e. a carrier material containing the additive is prepared. The carrier material is then mixed into a foam forming reaction mass. By this expedient the additive does not impair desired foam formation. The sponges are provided with high liquid absorbency and fine "hand" by virtue of manufacturing methods and specific catalysts employed.

Abstract: Polyols stabilized against oxidative degradation with a synergistic combination of a sterically hindered phenol and 4,4'-bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)diphenyl amine are improved by replacing a portion of either the phenol or the amine or a portion of both with a phenothiazine compound.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of a light fast, transparent polyurethane elastomer comprising reacting:(A) from 90 to 50% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of a compound having a molecular weight of from 400 to 10,000 which has at least two Zerewitinoff active hydrogen atoms;(B) from 50 to 10% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of an aliphatic and/or alicyclic polyisocyanate; and(C) from 0 to 20% by weight, based on the polyurethane solids content, of a chain-lengthening agent having a molecular weight of from 60 to 400; in the presence of:(D) catalysts for the isocyanate polyaddition reaction, the improvement wherein said catalysts, component (D), is a catalyst combination of:(a) an alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide; and(b) an organometallic compound selected from the group consisting of the acetyl acetonate of iron, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of molded foams having a compact surface and cellular core and an integral density distribution over the cross-section of the body, comprising reacting(A) polyisocyanates, and(B) relatively high molecular and/or low molecular compounds having an average of at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms in the presence of:(C) catalysts for the isocyanate polyaddition reaction and(D) blowing agents and optionally other known additives, in a closed mold under the conditions of foaming inside molds, the improvement wherein said polyisocyanates are aliphatic and/or alicyclic polyisocyanates and said catalysts are catalyst combinations of:(i) an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and(ii) a metal compound, the metal compound being the acetylacetonate of iron, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Curable organic resin compositions, such as epoxy resins, are provided, based on the use of dialkyl hydroxy arylsulfonium salts in combination with certain orgainc oxidants such as iodosoaromatic esters, or the use of certain amines or transition metals in combination with organic peroxides. The curable compositions can provide flexible or rigid organic resin foam when used with a volatile organic solvent as a result of exothermic heat of cure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde foams by mixing a resol phase having a viscosity of between 8 and 60 poises and a novolac phase comprising a true novolac, a blowing agent, phenolsulphonic acid and, optionally, phenol, the relative amounts of resol phase and of novolac phase being such that the resol phase represents 45 to 75% by weight of the mixture.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing polyurethane resins using novel catalysts selected from the group consisting of a process for the production of cellular or non-cellular polyurethane resins comprising reacting:(a) polyisocyanates; with(b) compounds having at least 2 isocyanate reactive hydrogen atoms; in the presence of(c) tertiary amines as catalysts; optionally with the addition of(d) blowing agents, stabilizers and other known additives; characterized in that the substances used as component (c) comprise compounds selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## and mixtures thereof in which formulae: the symbols R may be the same or different and represent straight or branched-chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;the symbols n may be the same or different and represent 2 or 3;the symbols m may be the same or different and represent 2 or 3; andk represents an integer of from 1 to 5.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing solid and microcellular polyether polyurethane elastomers by rapid processing technology wherein the resulting elastomers have improved "green strength" (cracking resistance). In the process, dialkyltin dimercaptide carboxylic acid ester is employed as the sole urethane catalyst in higher-than-normal amounts. The process is particularly suitable for use in the rapid processing technology known as Reaction Injection Molding (RIM).

Abstract: Furan-modified rigid isocyanurate foams are taught herein. The foams herein are prepared by either (1) the in situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and/or furfural during the foam formation reaction, or (2) the catalytic condensation of a furfuryl alcohol-blocked organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A rigid polyurethane foam is prepared from a reaction mixture incorporating therein a 2-trichloromethyloxazolidine or a thiazolidine derivative for imparting to the foam smoke and flame retardancy.

Abstract: Fragrance-emitting articles comprising a polyurethane foam containing a particulate filler and a fragrance material, and a method of making such articles, are disclosed. The method includes the essential steps of pre-mixing particulate filler and fragrance and dispersing the pre-mix in a liquid polyol, before adding the other reaction mixture components, and provides a polyurethane foam having a controlled rate of release of the fragrance.

Abstract: This foaming system includes a foaming agent solution and a resin solution. The foaming agent includes the relative amounts of 15 to 30 parts by weight of a salt of an alkyl diphenyl oxide sulfonate, 10 to 25 parts of 85% phosphoric acid and 15 to 25 parts urea, all in an aqueous solution. The resin solution includes a resin prepared by reacting 1 to 2.4 mols of formaldehyde per 1 mol of urea, 6.5 to 500 mmols polyethylene glycol as foam charring agent, 0.3 to 1.2 mmols of calcium carbonate as uniform foam cell size agent, 3 to 310 mmols of dicyandiamide as foam hydrolysis resistance agent, 2 to 30 mmols of sodium bromide as foam aging agent, and sufficient water to make a 35 to 45% solution. In preparing the foam, one part by weight of the foaming agent solution of about 5% solids concentration is aerated and then 1.0 to 1.5 parts by weight of the resin solution is sprayed thereon to obtain foam with an average linear shrinkage of about 0.25%.

Abstract: The storage stability of otherwise unstable premix compositions for flame retardant rigid polyurethane foams containing in the premix a chlorinated polyether polyol and a tertiary amine catalyst, is enhanced by incorporation into the premix a synergistic combination of an organic sulfur compound and an unsaturated carbon compound. The preferred sulfur compound is thiourea; among the preferred unsaturated carbon compounds are unsaturated terpenes such as allo-ocimene and unsaturated higher fatty acids such as tall oil fatty acids and mono-, di-, and trienic C.sub.18 acids.

Abstract: The reaction of isocyanates with substances containing isocyanate groups or active hydrogen groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups and the like, are initiated by sulfonium zwitterions such as the ar-cyclic sulfonium areneoxides. Accordingly, partially trimerized isocyanates, polyurethanes and other useful materials can be made.

Abstract: This invention relates to urethane forming compositions and a method of forming polyurethanes having low residual potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines by adding scavengers from the group comprising cyclohexyl monoisothiocyanate and hindered aliphatic monoisocyanates of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 - R.sub.7 are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or mixtures thereof and x is 1 to 7.

Abstract: An expansion agent comprising a foamable mixture of (a) 15-53 weight % of a foaming agent having 6 to 78 carbon atoms selected from the group of an ammonium salt, aliphatic amine salt and/or an alkali metal salt of an alkyl sulfate, hydroxyalkyl sulfate, alkyl ether sulfate and/or aryl alkyl ether sulfate; (b) 5-42 weight % of a dispersant having 22 to 260 carbon atoms selected from the group of an alkyl alkyleneoxy amine and/or its quaternary alkylsulfate, alkylhalide or alkylphosphate derivative; and (c) 5-40 weight % of a stabilizer having 8 to 68 carbon atoms selected from the group of a sodium and/or potassium salt of an alkyl sulfosuccinate; and the combination of said mixture with a synthetic resin, latex or natural rubber to provide a coating or finishing composition; the process of applying said composition to a substrate and the treated substrate product having incorporated the composition of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of new organic compounds having blocked hydroxyl groups, which compounds are converted by the action of moisture into compounds having free hydroxyl groups, the preferred compounds obtainable by this process, and a process for the preparation of polyurethanes in which mixtures containing polyisocyanates and compounds which can be converted into polyols by hydrolysis are reacted with water.

Abstract: A phenolic material having improved cell structure and surface skin characteristics is prepared by mixing, foaming and curing a foamable composition comprising a phenol-formaldehyde resin; an acid catalyst; a foaming agent-mixture containing a low boiling fluorocarbon, a surface active agent and a polyhydric alcohol; and a filler/extender mixture functioning as a cell structure control agent comprised of a water soluble inorganic salt and ammonium lignin sulfonate.

Abstract: Filled detergent hydrophilic flexible polyurethane foams having a reduced and controlled rate of release of detergent from the foam are provided.

Abstract: A hydrophile polyurethane foam prepared from a hydrophile polyol, a polyisocyanate in which NCO groups are not directly bonded to an aromatic ring, a surface active agent, a swelling agent and a catalyst comprising:(A) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:(1) diazabicyclo-alkenes of formula: ##STR1## (2) substituted guanidines and salts of formula: ##STR2## (3) substituted biguanidines of formula: ##STR3## (4) substituted biguanidines of formula: ##STR4## wherein the substituents can have different meanings, and (B) at least an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of organic acids having a dissociation constant Ka<10.sup.-1.

Abstract: Disclosed are haloaryl halobenzene sulfonates of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and X' are each independently selected halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine; n is a integer of from 1 to 5 and m is an integer from 1 to 4, provided that the sum of n plus m is an integer of from 4 to 9; and R is selected from hydrogen, halogen (preferably chlorine and bromine), and ##STR2## wherein Y and Y' are each independently selected halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, m' is an integer from 1 to 4 and n' is an integer of from 1 to 5, provided that m'+n' is from 4 to 9 and Z is an alkylene or alkylidene containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are polymeric compositions containing these compounds as flame retardants.

Abstract: Production of foamed plastics with improved combustion characteristics by condensing aqueous solutions of aminoplast precondensates with at least bifunctional organic isocyanate whereby an acid curing catalyst and an accelerator for polyurethane formation is used. For performing the condensation, the aqueous solution of the precondensate is added to the mixture of isocyanate and the accelerator at the same time as but separately from the acid curing catalyst.

Abstract: Silicon halides will react chemically with polyols to produce polyol silicate resinous products which will react chemically with polyisocyanates to produce polyisocyanate silicate solid or cellular solid products.

Abstract: Novel salts of tertiary amines and alpha-substituted carboxylic acids have advantages as delayed action thermally activated catalyts such as in urethane and epoxy catalysis. Some salts of tertiary amines tend to dissociate reversibly when heated. However, the compounds of the present invention preferentially decompose, irreversibly, to generate carbon dioxide when heated.

Abstract: Disclosed are halobenzene sulfonates, and flame resistant polymer compositions containing the sulfonates.

Abstract: A flameproof thermoplastic molding material based on a styrene polymer and containing from 0.05 to 5 percent by weight of an organic bromine compound as the flameproofing agent, with or without a blowing agent, wherein the bromine compound contains a heterocyclic ring, comprising the group ##STR1## IN ITS MOLECULE, AND IS HEAT-STABLE UP TO AT LEAST 150.degree. C. The preferred bromine compound has the formula ##STR2## The molding materials may be used for the manufacture of self-extinguishing moldings, eg. foam moldings.