Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared by reacting an active hydrogen-containing organic compound with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a blowing agent and an amylaceous material which has been stabilized (a) by treating with a stabilizing agent containing an effective amount of an antioxidant capable of inhibiting the formation of oxidation products in the amylaceous material upon exposure to an oxidizing atmosphere or (b) by removing substantially all, or at least a major portion, of the oxidizable materials, particularly fatty acids or fats, from the amylaceous material.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyurethane with integral skin, wherein a composition comprising following ingredients: polyol, polyisocyanate, at most one part by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of polyol and catalyst, is reacted in a mould so that a polyurethane is formed, characterized in that one uses a polyisocyanate the NCO groups of which are not directly bonded to an aromatic group and, as catalyst, at least one of the following four synergistic combinations:(1) at least an amine containing the structure: ##STR1## in association with at least an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salt, alcoholate and/or phenolate of an acid the dissociation constant of which Ka.ltoreq.10.sup.-1, preferably Ka.ltoreq.10.sup.

Abstract: Improved diecuttable polyester urethane foams are provided by the inclusion in the foam formulation of specified minor amounts of certain low molecular weight polyols, typically having hydroxyl numbers of 100 or greater. Representative useful species of such polyols include aliphatic alcohols, such as glycerol and erythritol, polymethylols such as trimethylolpropane, alkanolamines such as triethanolamine and relatively low molecular weight alkylene oxide adducts such as propylene-glycerol adducts and the like. Especially effective diecuttable foam formulations are provided by further employing, as co-additives, certain alkylene oxide adducts of linear alcohols or phenols, sulfonated petroleum oils, ammonium salts and silicone-containing copolymers. If desired, the viscosity and compatibility characteristics of the additive and/or additive and co-additive mixture may be modified by the incorporation of a diluent.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of inorganic-organic resins, by reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with aqueous basic solutions having an inorganic solid content of from 20 to 80% by weight in the presence of catalysts and optionally other additives, characterized in that the organic polyisocyanate and the aqueous basic solution are used in a proportion by weight of between 80:20 and 10:90 parts by weight and that organic ammonium compounds are used as catalysts.

Abstract: The discoloration of low density polyurethane foams produced with certain flame retardants is reduced by incoporating into the foam phenothiazine and amine antioxidants. The phenothiazine and amine antioxidants can be employed by admixing with the flame retardant from about 0.25 to about 5.0 percent of the phenothiazine-amine antioxidant combination by weight of the flame retardant.

Abstract: Detergent pads having rapid detergent release and longer lasting detergency properties are presented. The detergent pads are made by incorporating into a suitable cleansing article capable of retaining dry detergent at least one sodium, lithium, potassium, ammonium or magnesium sulfonate or sulfate ester and at least one calcium or barium sulfonate or sulfate ester.

Abstract: The discoloration of low density polyurethane foams produced with certain flame retardants is reduced by incorporating phenothiazine into the foam. The phenothiazine can be employed by admixing with the flame retardant from about 0.25 to about 5.0 percent phenothiazine by weight of the flame retardant.

Abstract: A process for making a hydrophilic polyurethane foam suitable for sponges and wiping cloths which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate and an organic compound having reactive hydrogen atoms in a mixture containing a blowing agent and an alkyl aryl sulphonic acid.

Abstract: Diorganotin compounds wherein at least one of the remaining valences on the tin atom is satisfied by a sulfur atom or a thiocyanate group are unique among diorganotin compounds in that they retain their catalytic activity over extended periods of time in the presence of the precursors or masterbatches conventionally employed to prepare rigid, cellular polyurethanes.

Abstract: Polymers comprising polyoxazolidone and carbodiimide recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## are prepared from polyisocyanates and polyepoxides. Non-friable, low density fire resistant foams are prepared directly from the polymers of the invention without the equisite addition of pore-forming agents.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a new fabric softener foam having improved utility for softening textile fabrics in either a standard or automatic clothes dryer as well as in an automatic washer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a one-shot process for the manufacture of a filled detergent hydrophilic flexible polyurethane foam from a clay filler, an alkylaryl sulfonate detergent, a normally liquid polyether polyol, tolylene diisocyanate and water as a blowing agent.

Abstract: Hydrophilic floral display foam blocks are prepared from frothed urea-formaldehyde, and wherein the urea-formaldehyde contains an alkyl-aryl sulfonate, and wherein the alkyl-aryl sulfonate has been exposed to an aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt in an amount sufficient to provide at least equal molar concentrations of the quaternary ammonium salt to the alkyl-aryl sulfonate present in the foam. The urea-formaldehyde foam may also contain quantities of sodium molybdate to enhance the stability and lifetime of cut flowers retained in the foam material. Also, the urea-formaldehyde foam may contain starch to help suppress the free formaldehyde odor and help increase the biodegradability of the cured foam. The resulting foam is hydrophilic in nature, and hence is readily wetted, with the hydrophilic characteristic not adversely affecting the life of cut flowers retained therein.

Abstract: The combination of a diorganotin sulfide, -polysulfide, -dithiocyanate, bis(thiocyanato diorganotin) sulfide or bis(thiocyanato diorganotin) oxide with a tertiary amine functions as a latent catalyst for rigid polyurethane foams. Latency is not observed using a tertiary amine with other sulfur-containing organotin compounds.

Abstract: The reaction of isocyanates with substances containing isocyanate groups or active hydrogen groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups and the like, are initiated by sulfonium zwitterions such as the ar-cyclic sulfonium areneoxides. Accordingly, partially trimerized isocyanates, polyurethanes and other useful materials can be made.

Abstract: Process for hardening liquid resols comprising using for the hardening, strong acids which if they are solid at room temperature are used in the form of their mixtures with inert finely divided solid diluents or if they are liquid or gaseous at room temperature adsorbed onto an adsorbing agent.

Abstract: In the preparation of normally liquid polyether polyols for use in the production of polyurethane foams, alkaline or basic catalysts, such as potassium hydroxide, which are employed in the process of preparing said polyether polyols, are neutralized with (a) oleic acid or with (b) oleic acid and higher molecular weight alkylbenzene or alkyltoluene sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acids and dodecyltoluene sulfonic acids, or such alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acids as butyl- or amylnaphthalene sulfonic acids, which results in a number of advantages, including reducing or eliminating purification procedures, producing polyether polyol compositions which have improved solubility, particularly in higher molecular weight polyols or polyol ethers and also in certain ingredients used in the polyurethane foam formulations in which said specially neutralized polyether polyols are used, and reducing catalyst costs in the process of producing polyurethane foams from said polyether polyol compositions.

Abstract: Foams characterized by isocyanurate and urethane linkages are prepared by condensing: (a) an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol or (b) a quasi-prepolymer in the presence of a blowing agent and a catalytically effective amount of an alkali metal salt of an organic sulfinic acid. The catalysts of the invention offer the advantages of longer cream times and fully cured foams in acceptable times thus finding particular utility in pour-in-place and slab stock foaming applications.

Abstract: A chromatography solid support is prepared by reacting a nucleic acid base, a related compound thereof or a mixture thereof with an epoxy group-containing porous gel in a solvent in the presence of a carbonate.

Abstract: Process for hardening liquid resols comprising using for the hardening, strong acids which if they are solid at room temperature are used in the form of their mixtures with inert finely divided solid diluents or if they are liquid or gaseous at room temperature adsorbed onto an adsorbing agent.

Abstract: The load-bearing characteristics of high resiliency polyurethane foams, as expressed by the loading required to obtain a 65% reduction in thickness, are significantly improved using as the gel catalyst certain diorganotin mercaptides or mercaptoesters.

Abstract: Cellular polymeric solids are made by mixing an acidulous or acidic polymerizable medium that is polymerizable and/or cross-linkable by a free radical mechanism (e.g. an unsaturated polyester) with an effective amount of two or more acid sensitive mono- or poly-azo compounds containing the group: ##STR1## wherein Y is an acid sensitive group (e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing cold-hardening foams containing urethane groups using as an emulsifier, sulphonamide compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl, chloroalkyl, cycloalkyl radical having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl radical having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a chloromethyl, methyl, ethyl or phenyl radical,m is an integer of from 0 to 50,R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl, aryl radical or a --(CHR.sup.1 -CHR.sup.2 -O-).sub.m R.sup.4 - group andR.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl, acyl, carbamoyl or cyanalkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.The use of these additions results in an increase in compression hardness without detrimental effects on other foam properties.