Abstract: Compositions and methods for providing a flexible flame retardant polyether polyurethane foam prepared from foam forming components of a polyether polyol, an organic isocyanate compound, water, a liquid phosphorus ester in an amount of about 4 to 10 parts by weight and melamine in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight, each based on 100 parts by weight of the polyether polyol in the composition. Between 15 and 500 percent by weight melamine is used to replace a minor portion of the amount of ester (i.e., less than half) which would normally be used to achieve substantially the same degree of flame retardance in the foam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a polyamideimide semi-flexible foam wherein a foam precursor is first prepared by heating together a mixture of an organic polyisocyanate, an aromatic polycarboxylic compound and a catalyst comprising a cyclic phosphorus compound, optionally in the presence of a surfactant until at least about 45 percent of the theoretical carbon dioxide has been evolved. The solidified precursor is comminuted and then heated to complete the reaction producing polyamideimide foam.

Abstract: A polyol composition comprising(a) a polyether polyol with an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000,(b) an adduct of a carboxylic acid having not less than 8 carbon atoms with ethylene oxide or both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and(c) a diol with an average molecular weight of 62 to 400, having one or more primary hydroxyl groups;in a ratio of (88 to 98):(2 to 8):(0 to 4) by weight is suitable for the production of flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam and a flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam produced by reacting(i) the above polyol composition with(ii) a polyisocyanatein the presence of(iii) water,(iv) both a foam-setting agent for slab foam and a foam-setting agent for HR foam(v) both a metal-containing catalyst and a tertiary amine catalyst and(vi) a flame retardant comprising a triarylphosphatenot only has an excellent flame retardant effect but also causes no discoloration of the foam-covering material.

Abstract: Flame retardant isocyanate addition products are made by reacting an isocyanate with a compound selected from the group consisting of 1-phosphonoethane-2-carboxylic acid-tri-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl esters, 1-phosphonopropane-2-carboxylic acid-tri-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl esters and mixtures thereof. Known isocyanate-reactive compounds, blowing agents, catalysts, additives and auxiliary agents may optionally be included in the reaction mixture. These flame retardant products are useful in construction applications such as insulation panels for roof insulation.

Abstract: Polyol blend compositions are provided containing nonionic ethoxylate propoxylate compounds and aromatic ester polyols, especially phthalate polyester polyols, which blends are miscible with fluorocarbon blowing agents. These blends are suitable for reaction with polyfunctional organic isocyanates in the presence of polymerization catalysts to make cellular polyurethanes and polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: A polyurethane elastomer product formed by curing a mixture of an NCO terminated urethane prepolymer and a polyhydroxyalkylphosphine oxide. The polyhydroxyalkyl phosphine curative is a compound of the class having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkylene of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 2 to 3. Exemplary polyhydroxyalkyl phosphine curatives are (HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.2 P(O)--C.sub.4 H.sub.9 --sec. and (HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.3 P(O).

Abstract: Polyurethane foams which may be rendered flame resistant by the addition of flame retardants are produced by reaction between a carbohydrate, a polyisocyanate and water in the presence of a suitable surfactant and polyurethane forming catalyst.

Abstract: Reaction products of certain tertiary phosphines, alkylene oxides, and carboxylic acids have been found to be effective catalysts for the preparation of rigid and flexible foams characterized by isocyanurate and/or urethane linkages.

Abstract: Highly flame resistant rigid urethane-isocyanurate foams which meet the German B-1 rating are prepared from compositions containing blowing agent, polyester polyol derived from the residue of dimethyl terephthalate or terephthalic acid production, a phosphorus containing polyol and an isocyanurate catalyst, in which the NCO:OH ratio is 3 to 6.

Abstract: A composition comprises polyurethane, a two-component flame retardant system consisting of an additive first flame retardant containing organophosphorus, and a second flame retardant containing organochlorine or organobromine.The composition of the invention may be employed for polyurethane foams, especially rigid foams.Diminished combustibility for rigid foam is measured by a flame-spread index less than 75 and a smoke developed index less than 450 when subjected to ASTM Test E-84, Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.Dimethyl methylphosphonate is a representative additive organophosphorus first flame retardant. Trichloroisopropyl alcohol is a representative second flame retardant containing organochlorine.

Abstract: Novel (halo)(hydroxy)-substituted phosphorus-containing acid derivatives are disclosed. Preferred compounds are 2-halo-3-hydroxypropyl ester derivatives of phosphorus and phosphoric acid formed by reaction of at least some amount of tertiary butyl glycidyl ether with a halogenated derivative of a phosphorus-containing acid followed by acid dealkylation of the product. The polyol products are useful in the production of polyurethane articles such as foams having increased resistance to the effects of fire.

Abstract: An oxidated silicon compound will react with a substituted organic compound in the presence of an alkali compound to produce organic alkali metal silicate products which may be used as molding powders, as adhesives, as coating agents and be reacted with polyisocyanates to produce insulating foams.

Abstract: Polyurethane compositions are rendered fire retardant by substitution for some of the polyol normally present in the reaction mixture, an effective amount of a 3-hydroxypropyl phosphine oxide such as sec-butyl bis(3-hydroxypropyl) phosphine oxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel phosphorus derivatives of 1,3-diethanolurea and certain polymeric reaction products such as polyurethane resins in which they are incorporated.

Abstract: Novel esters of pentavalent phosphorus acid having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R'are haloalkyl containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 1 to 6 halogen atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 3; each X is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, or hydroxyl, provided that at least one X is hydroxyl. The above compounds are effective reactive flame retardants in polyurethane and polyester polymeric compositions.

Abstract: Phosphorus containing flame retardants are prepared by a two step process having as essential steps:(1) reacting diorgano organophosphonate with reactant comprising phosphorus oxide reagent to yield a metaphosphate/phosphonate reaction product, and thereafter;(2) reacting the reaction product of step (1) with reactant comprising epoxide to yield poly (oxyorganophosphate/phosphonate) product.Selected poly (oxyorganophosphate/phosphonate) products contain a backbone structure of repeating units represented by the average formula: ##STR1## wherein m is an integer from 1 to 50; R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are individually selected from saturated hydrocarbon radical, alkaryl radical, aralkyl radical, and aryl radical; and R.sub.3 is: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.7 are individually selected from hydrogen atom, hydrocarbon radical, and halogenated hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-chloroethylphosphonate mixtures which are effective flame retardants for organic polymeric materials and have especially beneficial effects on rise and tack-free times in the production of rigid polyurethane foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols by the condensation of formaldehyde with itself. The essential feature of the improvement is that unpurified synthesis gases of the kind obtained from the large scale industrial production of formaldehyde can be used directly as the source of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Production of urethane foams of increased fire resistance by mixing an ethylenic, e.g. allyl or vinyl, phosphorus compound with a polyol and polymerizing the polyol with polyisocyanate while simultaneously polymerizing the ethylenic phosphorus compound with a suitable catalyst to form an interpenetrating network of urethane polymer and phosphorus-containing polymer.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates to greatly lowering the viscosity of the self-condensation products of formaldehyde (formose) by mixing formose with dialkyl phosphites; trialkyl phosphites and .alpha.-hydroxy- or .alpha.-amino-phosphonic acid esters. These mixtures have the surprising capacity of dissolving large quantities of crystallized sugars. Compounds capable of aminoplast formation may also be advantageously mixed in. These mixtures have the remarkable ability of being used to make flame-resistant, open-celled, highly carbonizing rigid polyurea-polyurethane foams with isocyanate indexes of as low as 45 to 50.

Abstract: Novel polymethylol polyphosphonates are prepared by reacting a trisubstituted polyphosphite having at least one alkyl group and formaldehyde. The phosphite reactant may contain the requisite hydroxyl functionality [e.g. - heptakis (dipropylene glycol) triphosphite] or the hydroxyl functionality may be introduced by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a polyol, e.g. - glycerol, as a protic solvent. The resulting reaction product is a water-soluble liquid of relatively low viscosity and may be employed without any refining. The thus-formed polyphosphonates can be readily incorporated into either rigid urethane foam formulations to impart flame retardancy or phenolic resins to improve flexibility.