Abstract: A polyurethane foam is prepared from a reaction mixture that includes an aromatic isocyanate compound, and blowing agent, and a polyol that itself includes a poly(phenylene ether) having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 2000 atomic mass units and an average of 1.5 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule. Use of the poly(phenylene ether) is associated with faster formation of polyurethane, and increased compression force deflection. The polyurethane is useful for forming articles including bedding, furniture, automotive interiors, mass transportation interiors (seating, padding, instrument panels, door panels, steering wheels, armrests, and headrests), flooring underlay (foam, rebond binder), packaging, textiles, lining and gasketing applications, acoustic dampening materials, and weather stripping.

Abstract: A polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam is prepared from a reaction mixture that includes comprising a polyol, an aromatic isocyanate compound, and a blowing agent. The polyol includes a poly(phenylene ether) having a number average molecular weight of 600 to 2000 atomic mass units and an average of 1.5 to 3 hydroxyl groups per molecule. The polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam exhibits improved resistance to burning and/or reduced elapsed times to formation of tack-free foams relative to foams prepared without the poly(phenylene ether).

Abstract: A polyol formulation comprising certain type of polyester polyols useful in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams having low surface friability is provided. In one embodiment, a reaction system for production of a rigid foam is provided. The reaction system comprises a polyester polyol and one or more polyisocyanates, wherein the polyester polyol and the polyisocyanates are mixed in amounts sufficient to provide a rigid polyurethane foam. The polyester polyol comprises the reaction product of from 20 to 60 weight percent of an aromatic component comprising at least 80 mole percent or greater of terephthalic acid, from 20 to 60 weight percent of a polyethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight from 150 to 1,000, from 5 to 20 weight percent of a glycol having a functionality of 2 and molecular weight of 60 to 250 and from 5 to 20 weight percent of a glycol having a functionality of at least 3 and a molecular weight of 60 to 250.

Abstract: Composite materials and methods for their preparation are described herein. The composite materials include a polyurethane made from the reaction of an isocyanate and a mixture of polyols, and coal ash (e.g., fly ash). The mixture of polyols comprises at least two polyols including a high hydroxyl number polyol having a hydroxyl number greater than 250 and comprising from about 1% to about 25% by weight of the total polyol content used to form the polyurethane, and a low hydroxyl number polyol having a hydroxyl number of 250 or lower. The coal ash is present in amounts from about 40% to about 90% by weight of the composite material. Also described is a method of preparing a composite material, including mixing an isocyanate, a mixture of at least two polyols, coal ash (e.g., fly ash), and a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a rigid polyurethane resin for cutting, which has high heat resistance, no scorching, and reduced expansion due to absorption of moisture in the air. The rigid polyurethane resin-forming composition (P) for cutting of the present invention includes: a polyol component (A); an isocyanate component (B); an inorganic filler (C); and a dehydrating agent (D). The polyol component (A) includes: 45 to 99% by weight of a polyphenol (j) alkylene oxide adduct (a), the polyphenol (j) having k functional groups where k is an integer of 2 or 3; and 1 to 55% by weight of a polyol (b). The polyphenol (j) alkylene oxide adduct (a) includes a total of not more than 39% by weight of a polyphenol (j) alkylene oxide adduct (ak) with at most k moles of alkylene oxide, based on 100% by weight of the polyphenol (j) alkylene oxide adduct (a), and has a hydroxyl value of 100 to 295 mg KOH/g.

Abstract: Lignin polymers having distinctive properties, including a generally high molecular weight and generally homogeneous size distribution, as well as preservation of native reactive side groups, are isolated by solvent extraction of plant materials. Methods for isolation of lignin polymers, and for use of the isolated lignin polymers are disclosed. Compositions containing lignin isolated from plant materials, such as carbon fiber composites, resins, adhesive binders and coatings, polyurethane-based foams, rubbers and elastomers, plastics, films, paints, nutritional supplements, food and beverage additives are disclosed. Xylose and xylose derivatives, furfural, fermentable sugars, cellulose and hemi-cellulose products may be used directly or further processed. The lignin polymers and other plant-derived products disclosed herein may be produced in abundance at low cost, and may be used as substitutes for feedstocks originating from fossil fuel or petrochemical sources in the manufacture of various products.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, whereby it is possible to reduce the density without causing deterioration in dimensional stability, and a rigid polyurethane foam. A method for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises a step of reacting a polyol having a hydroxyl value of from 200 to 800 mgKOH/g with a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of an amino-modified silicone, a catalyst, a blowing agent and a surfactant.

Abstract: Cardanol derivative comprising one or more units of the formula and a method for obtaining such cardanol derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polyurethane foam for an automobile steering wheel. More particularly, the present invention relates to polyurethane foam formed by using a predetermined amount of a polyol having various functional groups and OH values and a predetermined amount of isocyanate having a certain function, along with water as a foaming agent, thereby preventing the environmental problems caused by use of the conventional fluorine-based or pentane-based foaming agent and also improving durability such as water resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing viscoelastic polyurethane foams by reacting a) polyisocyanates with b) compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups in the presence of c) catalysts, d) blowing agents, wherein ai) diphenylmethane diisocyanate or aii) mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymethylenepolyphenylene polyisocyanates and/or aiii) prepolymers which comprise isocyanate groups and can be prepared by reacting aiv) polyether alcohols with diphenylmethane diisocyanate or mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymethylenepolyphenylene polyisocyanates are used as a) polyisocyanates and mixtures of at least one catalyst ci) and at least one catalyst cii) are used as catalysts.

Abstract: A process for producing a urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam having excellent characteristics such as flame retardancy, heat resistance and low smoking property, and further having improved initial adhesion, particularly adhesion after a relatively long period of time, to a facing material particularly a flexible facing material, by using water as a blowing agent, is provided. A polyisocyanate compound component, a polyol component, water and a morpholine compound are reacted in the presence of a trimerization catalyst for isocyanates.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester-ether polyols and their use in urethane prepolymers, urethane foams and non-foam urethane coatings, adhesives, sealants and/or elastomers. Methods for producing such polyester-ether polyols are disclosed, along with methods for producing urethane prepolymers. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are preferably the reaction product of phthalic anhydride, diethylene glycol, and propylene oxide. These polyester-ether polyols are useful as either the primary polyol in urethane compositions or in combination with conventional auxiliary polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols. The polyester-ether polyols impart greatly improved solubility and compatibility to mixtures of either polyether and/or polyester polyols. The polyester-ether polyols of the instant invention are desirably of lower viscosity than their precursor intermediate polyester polyols and are generally soluble in either polyester- and/or polyether-based polyols.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame-laminable polyurethane block foams having high peel strength, a process for their production and the use thereof for textile lamination.

Abstract: The present invention includes new compositions for making polyurethane and polyurethane foam compositions. These compositions comprise the reaction product of an isocyanate A-Side and a B-Side comprising: (i) a polyol having a molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 2.0 or greater; (ii) a polyol having a Tg of about −80° C. or less, and having a molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 2.0 or greater; and(iii) a polyhydric alcohol having a molecular weight of about 90 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 3.0 or more. In the case of polyurethane foam compositions, the system also comprises water. The invention also includes processes for making the polyurethane and polyurethane foam compositions, as well as methods of adhering the same to cosmetic layers comprising thermoplastic, acrylic, and gel coat materials. The invention also includes articles made from these reinforced cosmetic layers.

Abstract: A method of providing for manufacturing a colored polymer resin having the steps of:(a) blending a disazo colorant into a mixture of monomers, the colorant having a poly(oxyalkylene) substituent comprising from 2 to 200 alkylene oxide residues, bonded to each end of the disazo chromophore, the poly(oxyalkylene) substituent having a nucleophilic terminal group which is capable of reacting with at least a portion of the monomers;(b) providing conditions under which the monomers and disazo colorant polymerize to form a colored polymer resin.

Abstract: Process for making open celled (semi-) rigid polyurethane foams using as cell opening agent a fatty acid or a fatty acid amine or a fatty acid amide or a fatty acid ester.

Abstract: It is to provide a method for producing a low-fuming rigid polyurethane foam, which is superior in initial activity at low temperature and requires a small amount of a stock liquid.A method for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises mixing (a) a polyisocyanate component with a polyol component comprising (b) a polyol mixture, (c) a catalyst and (d) a blowing agent, then foaming the mixture;wherein the polyisocyanate component (a) is polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate or a modified material thereof, the polyol mixture (b) comprises (b-1) an aromatic polyester polyol and (b-2) an aromatic polyether polyol; the catalyst (c) is at least one metallic catalyst; and the blowing agent (d) is an adduct of a primary or secondary amine compound with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: It is to provide a method for producing a low-fuming rigid polyurethane foam, which is superior in initial activity at low temperature and requires a small amount of a stock liquid.A method for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises mixing (a) a polyisocyanate component with a polyol component comprising (b) a polyol mixture, (c) a catalyst and (d) a blowing agent, then foaming the mixture;wherein the polyisocyanate component (a) is polymethylenepolyphenyl polyisocyanate or a modified material thereof; the polyol mixture (b) comprises (b-1) an aromatic polyester polyol and (b-2) an aromatic polyether polyol; the catalyst (c) is at least one metallic catalyst; and the blowing agent (d) is an adduct of a primary or secondary amine compound with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of providing for manufacturing a colored polymer resin having the steps of:(a) blending a disazo colorant into a mixture of monomers, the colorant having a poly(oxyalkylene) substituent comprising from 2 to 200 alkylene oxide residues, bonded to each end of the disazo chromophore, the poly(oxyalkylene) substituent having a nucleophilic terminal group which is capable of reacting with at least a portion of the monomers;(b) providing conditions under which the monomers and disazo colorant polymerize to form a colored polymer resin.

Abstract: A polyether polyol is provided having an aromaticity in the range of from 5% to 35%, an average nominal functionality (Fn) in the range of from 2.0 to 4.5 and a hydroxyl value in the range of from 390 to 650 mg KOH/g, whereby the aromatic carbon atoms are contained in structural moieties of the general formula ##STR1## wherein both R1 groups independently represent hydrogen or a C1-C3 alkyl group; both R2 groups independently represent a C1-C3 alkyl group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 3. A further aspect of the disclosure is a process for the preparation of the above polyether polyol, which process comprises reacting an alkylene oxide with a polyhydric alcohol blend comprising a diphenylol alkane precursor of the above indicated structural moiety and at least one aliphatic or alicyclic polyhydric alcohol having a functionality of at least 2.0. A polyether polyol blend is also disclosed, the blend having an aromaticity in the range of from 2 to 10% and a Fn in the range of from 2.5 to 5.

Abstract: A polymer polyol is produced by a process comprising free radical polymerizing an addition polymerizable di-(substituted phenyl)monomer (e.g., methacrylic ester of diglycidylether of tetrabromobisphenol A) component in the presence of a polyol, wherein the monomer has at least one aromatic halogen and at least one aromatic ethylenically unsaturated substituent. The polymer polyol can also be made by copolymerizing said monomer with an additional ethylenically unsaturated monomer component such as styrene and acrylonitrile. Said polymer polyols are reacted with a polyisocyanate compound forming a flame retardant polyurethane foam.

Abstract: A black colorant composition useful for coloring polyurethanes is provided having a red benzothiazole azo colorant which, when combined with a complementary blue and yellow colorant, exhibits low flairing.

Abstract: Heat insulation panels made from plates and the modified polyisocyanurate foams provided by a reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition mixture comprising a polyol, water, a trimerization catalyst, a carbodiimide catalyst, and an aromatic compound used as a chain extender. An amount of the aromatic compound used in the preparation is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight with respect to a total weight of the polyisocyanate and the polyol mixture.

Abstract: A process of the preparation of the modified polyisocyanurate foams provided by a reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition mixture comprising a polyol, water, a trimerization catalyst, a carbodiimide catalyst, and an aromatic compound used as a chain extender. An amount of the aromatic compound used in the preparation is 0.5 to 10.0% by weight with respect to a total weight of the polyisocyanate and the polyol mixture.

Abstract: The pourable porous carrier material is produced from at least one thermoplastic basic polymer with additives incorporated in the porous structure.First suitable foaming agents are added to the basic polymer, the mass is melted, mixed before and/or after melting. The mixture is then preferably extruded and cooled to form a pourable porous carrier material.At least one additive is added to the porous carrier material and mixed with this at a temperature (T.sub.M) below the melting point of the basic polymer but above the melting point of the additive.The porous carrier material has preferably ellipsoid pores which are brought into their longitudinal form during extrusion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of molded cold-cure polyurethane flexible foams. The process requires the use of aromatic polyisocyanates, a specifed mixture of polyether polyols which have specified ethylene oxide contents and a specified amount of water as blowing agent. The reaction is conducted in a closed mold at an isocyanate index of from 80 to 120.

Abstract: A polyol composition for producing rigid polyurethane foams which comprises:(a) a first polyol having the general formula of ##STR1## wherein R independently represents an ethylene group or a propylene group, m and n are integers of not less than 1, respectively, and m+n are in the range of 3-40, in amounts of 20-50% by weight based on the polyol composition; and(b) a second polyol selected from the group consisting of adducts of alkylene oxides to at least one member of three or more functional polyhydric alcohols and polyamino compounds.The resultant rigid polyurethane foams have high heat resistance and toughness as well as high mechanical properties, but have no voids therein.

Abstract: A rigid polyurethane foam obtained by foaming a special polyol component and an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent comprising water and at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 2,2-dichloro-2-monofluoroethane possesses balanced excellent properties, has no surface void, and shows only slight expansion after molding. Therefore, it can be effectively used as a heat insulator, in particular, a heat insulator for refrigerators.

Abstract: A rigid polyurethane foam obtained by foaming a special polyol component and an isocyanate component using only water as a blowing agent has balanced excellent properties including a remarkably low density and a low thermal conductivity and is suitable for use as a heat insulator, particularly in a refrigerator.

Abstract: A flame-retardant spray-foamable phenolic urethane composition comprising a polyisocyanate component, a polyol component, an urethane-forming catalyst, a blowing agent and a foam stabilizer, wherein the polyol component comprises:(1) a modified benzylic ether phenol resin obtained by adding from 20 to 100 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol or its alkyleneoxide adduct to 100 parts by weight of a benzylic ether phenolic resin, followed by heating under reduced pressure, and(2) other polyol, in such amounts as to satisfy the following equation:(x+y)/z=0.2-1.5wherein x is the amount by weight of the polyhydric alcohol or its alkyleneoxide adduct, y is the amount by weight of said other polyol, and z is the amount by weight of the benzylic ether phenol resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polyurethane resin, a foam prepared from the resin, a preparation process of the foam, and preparation process of a rigid polyurethane foam composite having a face material. The primary object of the present invention is to provide a rigid polyurethane foam and a rigid polyurethane foam composite fitted with a face material which are prepared by using a hydrochlorofluorocarbon foaming agent having very low public hazards such as ozone layer destruction and green house phenomenon of the earth.The above object can be achieved by using a combination of a polyether polyol initiated from a phenol resin with an alkanolamine or an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound in the production of rigid polyurethane foams.Foams thus obtained have equivalent properties to those of foams obtained by using chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which are conventional foaming agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyurethane substances in any desired form by reaction ofa) polyisocyanates withb) compounds comprising at least two hydrogen atoms that are reactive towards isocyanates, in the presence ofc) catalysts known per se andd) specific stabilizer systems,wherein there is used as component d) a stabilizer system comprising at least two compounds of at least two structurally different stabilizer types of formulae (1), (2), (3) and (4), in which formula (1) represents formulae (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d) or (1e) ##STR1## and the other formulae (2), (3) and (4) are as follows: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 each independently of the other is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.5 each independently of the other are C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, benzyl, phenyl or a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 COO--C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 alkyl, R.sub.3 is --H or --CH.sub.3, and R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 each independently of the other are C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A method of producing interior and exterior structural members of automobiles composed of rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises foaming a composition comprising:(a) polyisocyanates selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylenepolymethylene polyisocyanate and their modified products; and(b) polyols which have a hydroxyl value of 400-550 and contain an ethylene oxide adduct to hydroquinone having a hydroxyl value of 60-430 in amounts of 20-40% by weight based on the polyols, the adduct being represented by the general formula of ##STR1## wherein m and n are integers of not less than 1, respectively. The resultant rigid polyurethane foams have high heat resistance and toughness as well as high mechanical properties, but have no voids therein.

Abstract: A thermoplastic or thermoset article, a porous sheet, a paint composition, and a synthetic leather which are characterized with a memory shape or a healable characteristics comprising a polyurethane resin obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate and aromatic and/or alicyclic polyol is disclosed. The polyurethane comprises at least 15% by weight in total of a ring component derived from the above polyol.The original (memorized) shape of the article or the porous sheet is reshaped into another desired form below 130.degree. C., and locked into below 40.degree. C. Those material can be reverted back to their original shape by heating above 40.degree. C. The memorized shape as an original shape of the thermoplastic article or the porous sheet can be changed by maintaining it in a desired shape at a temperature 130.degree..about.230.degree. C.When the paint or the synthetic leather is scratched or creased to its surface, they can be healed by heating above 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Rigid closed-cell polyisocyanate-based foams are prepared by the reaction of polyisocyanate with a polyol composition having an average hydroxyl number of about 100 to about 500 and comprising at least one polyether polyol containing four or more active hydrogens and having a hydroxyl number of from about 50 to about 500. The blowing of the foam is essentially with carbon dioxide generated from the reaction of water with polyisocyanate so as to provide foams of the desired density containing at least 40 mole percent carbon dioxide in their cells.

Abstract: Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate rigid foams having low thermal conductivity are prepared from isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymers prepared from polyester polyols derived from phthalic anhydride or from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate scrap.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams produced by reacting a polyol component having a special composition with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent, a reaction catalyst and a foam stabilizer with a mold release time of as short as 5.5 minutes or less, have remarkably low thermal conductivity of 12.5.times.10.sup.-3 Kcal/m.hr..degree.C. or less and a low density and are suitable as heat insulating materials for refrigerators and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to open-cell polyurethane foams and, more specifically, to such foams which are halogenated-hydrocarbon blown and are essentially urea-free, together with a composition and method for the fabrication thereof.

Abstract: Polyurethane can be made having improved heat stability, sufficient to withstand paint oven temperatures by mixing or dispersing about 0.5 to 10 parts or more of an organic monosulfide or disulfides, preferably where the organo radical is a hydroxyl phenyl or hydroxyl alkyl substituted phenyl radical per 100 parts of the polyurethane reactants and reacting to form the polyurethane.

Abstract: Alkoxylated polyester polyols useful in the manufacture of polyurethanes are disclosed. For example, 9(10)-methylhydroxymethyloctadecanoate can be reacted with bishydroxymethyltricyclodecane to prepare a polyester polyol which can be ethoxylated to prepare an alkoxylated polyester polyol. The resulting polyester polyol can be reacted with a diisocyanate, such as a modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate, to prepare a urethane elastomer.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of polyisocyanurate foams which comprises blending a "B" side with an "A" side that includes an isocyanate. The "B" side comprises a polyester polyol, an amine/quaternary ammonium borate ester blend, a surfactant, a blowing agent, and a metal catalyst in amounts of up to 20% by weight of the total weight of the "B" side. The "B" side remains a homogeneous liquid for at least one day without the need for agitation and the foam formed by this method has a friability not exceeding 30%.

Abstract: Vinyl polymer polyols made by polymerizing in situ via a free-radical mechanism one or more vinyl monomers in an epoxy resin-modified polyol are described. Preferably, styrene and acrylonitrile are copolymerized in a polyol made by adding epoxy resin to the alkoxylation of a polyol initiator having 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. The vinyl polymer polyols of this invention give flexible polyurethane foams with greater load-bearing properties.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams employing vinyl polymer polyols made by polymerizing in situ via a free-radical mechanism one or more vinyl monomers in an epoxy resin-modified polyol are described. Preferably, styrene and acrylonitrile are copolymerized in a polyol made by adding epoxy resin to the alkoxylation of a polyol initiator having 3 to 4 hydroxyl groups. The vinyl polymer polyols of this invention give flexible polyurethane foams with greater load-bearing properties.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foams having improved properties and made from modified polyether polyols are described. The polyether polyols are modified with adducts of epoxy resins, such as the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A, and diamines, such a polyoxypropylenediamine. The resulting modified polyether polyols have a molecular weight of from about 2,000 to 7,000. The mole ratio of epoxy equivalents to amine equivalents in the adduct ranges from about 2/1 to 10/1.

Abstract: Enhanced load-bearing properties for flexible polyurethane foam can be achieved by employing a hydroxyl compound-modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyol as part of the polyol component (5 to 25 weight percent based on polyol) in the preparation of the foam.

Abstract: A polyether-ester polyol containing a high primary hydroxyl content is prepared employing low amounts of ethylene oxide. The polyurethane foams prepared from these products display improved physical properties with good air flow.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from phenol, paraformaldehyde and an aliphatic hydroxyl compound are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: A phenolic resin foam having excellent mechanical strength and flame resistance is obtained by letting a resinous mixture comprising a benzylic ether type phenolic resin, a blowing agent, an aromatic sulfonic acid, a polyisocyanate compound, and water to stand at room temperature or more so as to allow the mixture to foam and solidify.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing stable, uniform dispersions of chain extenders in polyurethane-forming polyol. The preferred chain extender is hydroquinone di(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)ether. The process comprises an adiabatic quenching step in combination with an annealing step. The inventive process avoids the need for slow, carefully controlled cooling schemes.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams produced by reacting a polyol component having a special composition with an isocyanate component in the presence of a blowing agent, a reaction catalyst and a foam stabilizer with a mold release time of as short as 5.5 minutes or less, have remarkably low thermal conductivity of 12.5.times.10.sup.-3 Kcal/m.hr..degree.C. or less and a low density and are suitable as heat insulating materials for refrigerators and the like.