Creaming, Agglomerating, Or Coalescing A Solid Polymer Latex Or Aqueous Dispersion Wherein Solid Polymer Latex Or Aqueous Dispersion Is The Result Patents (Class 523/335)
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Patent number: 7728055Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a new granulating process which can recover desired coagulated latex particles with a significantly excellent yield, and can suppress secondary coagulation under the condition having a higher temperature than a softening point of a polymer, without deteriorating the original quality of the polymer itself. A process for producing coagulated latex particles which can suppress the secondary coagulation under the condition having the broad temperature range, without deteriorating the original quality of the polymer itself by spraying or dropping a polymer latex into a gas-phase containing an inorganic salt and/or an acid, and a dispersant in an aerosol form, and dropping or feeding the droplets of the polymer latex into an aqueous phase containing a dispersant.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 2006Date of Patent: June 1, 2010Assignee: Kaneka CorporationInventor: Takashi Ueda
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Publication number: 20100130645Abstract: A film-forming composition including a coalescent aid comprising fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol having the formula R1COO[(EO)x(PO)y]zH wherein R1CO is a linear saturated aliphatic acyl group, or a combination thereof, having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, EO is —CH2CH2O—, PO is —CH2CH(CH3)O— or —CH(CH3)CH2O— or a combination thereof, where the acyl radical is bonded to a carbon atom of the EO or PO radical, and x=0 to about 5, y=about 0 to about 5, the sum of x and y is equal or greater than 0.5, z=1 to about 5, and (x+y)z is less than or equal to 6. It is to be understood that x, y, and z are average values for the composition.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 23, 2009Publication date: May 27, 2010Applicant: ELEMENTIS SPECIALTIES, INC.Inventors: Thomas Lynch, Wilbur Mardis
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Publication number: 20100130644Abstract: Adducts (A) of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 C atoms are suitable as coalescents, more particularly in the production of coatings of any kind based on aqueous polymer dispersions and latex dispersions.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 16, 2009Publication date: May 27, 2010Applicant: COGNIS IP MANAGEMENT GMBHInventors: Shailesh C. Shah, Heinz-Gunther Schulte, Ludwig Schieferstein, Harald Frommelius, Edda Bergmann
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Publication number: 20100130643Abstract: In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polymer composition comprising (i) one or more multistage polymer comprising (a) a first stage polymer having Tg of 0° C. or lower, (b) a subsequent stage polymer having Tg of 20° C. or higher, (ii) one or more phosphate salt of a multivalent cation, and (iii) one or more alkaline phosphate, in the amount of 100 ppm or more, measured as the weight of phosphorous, based on the dry weight of said multistage polymer. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mixture comprising the polymer composition of the first aspect described above and one or more matrix resin.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 20, 2009Publication date: May 27, 2010Inventor: William Douglas Rohrbach
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Publication number: 20100124717Abstract: Colored resin particles, each includes: a resin; and a colorant, wherein a value of average equivalent circle diameter A (?m) of the colored resin particles is 3?A?6, an average degree of circularity B of the colored resin particles satisfies the following expression (1), and 0.990?0.0083A?B?1.021?0.0117A??(1) a cumulative number frequency of particles which have degrees of circularity of less than 0.9 in the colored resin particles is 1% or less.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 13, 2009Publication date: May 20, 2010Applicant: FUJI XEROX CO., LTD.Inventors: Tomohito NAKAJIMA, Hiroyuki MORIYA, Hideya KATSUHARA, Seiichi TAKAGI, Kazuya HONGO
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Publication number: 20100064935Abstract: There are provided a dry aggregate mixture wherein the binder, even when heated, does not evolve unpleasant odor or gas hazardous to human health; a method of foundry molding wherein a space for foundry molding, up to minute portion thereof, can satisfactorily be filled with an aggregate mixture composed of a binder and granular aggregate; and a method of foundry molding wherein the mold used in molding of an aggregate mixture composed of a binder and granular aggregate can retain satisfactory properties even in high humidity. In the method of foundry molding, a mold is formed by the use of a dry mixture obtained by providing an aggregate mixture composed of granular aggregate, a water soluble binder and water and evaporating the water contained in the aggregate mixture through heating, pressure reduction or aeration while mixing so as to effect separation into single granules, or with the addition of a lubricant and a crosslinking agent thereto.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 2, 2009Publication date: March 18, 2010Inventors: Toshihiko Zenpo, Yusuke Kato, Norihiro Asano, Masahiko Nagasaka, Kazuyuki Nishikawa
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Patent number: 7651623Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of solvent from a polymer emulsion or suspension, by use of a decanter centrifuge (10). The decanter centrifuge (10) provides an efficient thickening method. The process is especially useful for emulsion or suspension polymer compositions having high levels of solvent (low polymer solids) that could benefit from a thickening or dewatering step prior to drying in a dryer (14).Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 2006Date of Patent: January 26, 2010Assignee: Arkema Inc.Inventor: Jeffrey Yen
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Patent number: 7598317Abstract: A precision fragmentation assemblage is disclosed, along with precision fragmentation assemblage catalysts derivable therefrom. A method for the preparation of a precision fragmentation assemblage is also disclosed, along with a method for preparing precision fragmentation assemblage catalysts from precision fragmentation assemblages. A method is further disclosed for using precision fragmentation catalysts in the polymerization of olefins to produce polyolefins.Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 2006Date of Patent: October 6, 2009Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Richard Roy Clikeman, Morris Christopher Wills
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Patent number: 7585607Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner including dissolving or dispersing a toner component containing a colorant and a resin in an organic solvent to obtain a liquid solution or dispersion, continuously emulsifying and dispersing the liquid solution or dispersion in an aqueous medium containing a particulate dispersant to obtain emulsified primary particles, controlling cohesion and agglomeration of the emulsified primary particles and removing the organic solvent, such that the ratio (T1/T2) of the arithmetic mean accumulation time (T1) of the emulsified primary particles obtained in the controlling step to the arithmetic mean accumulation time (T2) of the emulsified primary particles obtained in the continuously emulsifying and dispersing step is from 1 to 5.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 2006Date of Patent: September 8, 2009Assignee: Ricoh Company, Ltd.Inventors: Masashi Miyakawa, Noboru Kuroda, Kazuyuki Matsui, Hiroshi Takahashi, Takahiro Kadota
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Publication number: 20090163619Abstract: This invention relates to waterborne coatings with enhanced early water blushing resistance, chemical resistance, and adhesion to substrates. These waterborne coatings can be paints, varnishes, and water sealers that offer excellent early water blushing as well as. excellent resistance to common household chemicals, such as gasoline, motor oil, brake fluid, transmission fluid, household cleaners, window cleaning fluids, antifreeze, and the like.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 9, 2008Publication date: June 25, 2009Applicant: LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS, INC.Inventors: Shui-Jen Raymond Hsu, Elizabeth Blankschaen
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Publication number: 20090118393Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a thermoplastic resin with superior impact resistance, chemical resistance and processability as well as excellent gloss and whiteness. The method includes emulsion-polymerizing a conjugated diene compound monomer to prepare a rubber latex having an average particle diameter of 1,800 ? to 5,000 ?, a polymerization conversion ratio of at least 90% and a swelling index of 12 to 40, an average gel content of 70 to 95%, emulsion-polymerizing 45 to 75 parts by weight of the rubber latex with 17 to 40 parts by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound and 4 to 20 parts by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound to prepare a graft copolymer latex, and coagulating the graft copolymer latex with a coagulant at 60 to 80° C., and aging the graft copolymer latex at 80 to 99° C. to obtain a graft copolymer powder.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 5, 2008Publication date: May 7, 2009Applicant: LG Chem, Ltd.Inventors: Keun-hoon Yoo, Chan-hong Lee, Jin-hyoung Lee, Joo-byung Chai, Yu-sung Jung, Bong-keun Ahn, Won-deok Han
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Patent number: 7429443Abstract: A polyester toner includes particles of a resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and a polyion coagulant, where the toner is prepared by an emulsion aggregation process.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 2008Date of Patent: September 30, 2008Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventor: Raj D. Patel
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Publication number: 20080176974Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel granulating process capable of suppressing secondary aggregation and generation of fine particles of a polymer latex under wide temperature conditions without degrading the original quality possessed by a polymer itself, and recovering desired coagulated latex particles in high yield. A process for producing coagulated latex particles includes spraying or adding dropwise a polymer latex containing a water-soluble polymer compound having a physical gel-forming property into an aqueous phase containing an inorganic salt and/or an acid, and a dispersant.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 13, 2005Publication date: July 24, 2008Inventor: Takashi Ueda
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Patent number: 7358022Abstract: A method of making particles suitable for use as toners includes forming a mixture of sulfonated polyester resin, a colorant dispersion and optionally a wax dispersion, homogenizing the mixture, adding a coagulant to the mixture to aggregate the mixture to form aggregated particles, and coalescing the aggregated particles to form coalesced particles. In the method, when a predetermined average particle size is achieved during the aggregation and/or coalescing step, a complexing agent that complexes with ions of the coagulant is added in an amount effective to substantially halt any further particle growth. The complexing agent is believed to halt further growth by complexing with free coagulant ions still in the solution.Type: GrantFiled: March 31, 2005Date of Patent: April 15, 2008Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Valerie M. Farrugia, Allan K. Chen, Kimberly Nosella, Raj D. Patel, Tie Hwee Ng
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Patent number: 7306825Abstract: A synthetic leather is made by a impregnating a non-woven or woven textile with an aqueous polyurethane dispersion comprised of a nonionizable polyurethane and an external stabilizing surfactant. The impregnated textile is then exposed to water containing a coagulant for a coagulation time sufficient to coagulate the dispersion. The method may be used to form a synthetic leather having excellent wet ply adhesion and may contain an insoluble multivalent cation organic acid.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 2003Date of Patent: December 11, 2007Assignee: Dow Global Technologies Inc.Inventors: Larry Wayne Mobley, Ramki Subramanian, Kenneth W. Skaggs, Weijun Zhou, Debkumar Bhattacharjee, Roger Moore
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Patent number: 7291437Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the polymer latex selected possesses a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 55,000, a number average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 18,000, an onset glass transition temperature Tg of from about 40° C. to about 80° C., and a particle size distribution PSD of from about 50 to about 500 nanometers.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2003Date of Patent: November 6, 2007Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Amy A. Grillo, Peter V. Nguyen, Donald Riley, Allan K. Chen, Emily L. Moore, Tie Hwee Ng, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Patent number: 7285585Abstract: This invention provides processes for isolating particles from an emulsion including the steps of: (a) forming an emulsion having a solid component having a population of particles, a liquid component, and a first ionic forming compound, wherein the presence of the first ionic forming compound in the emulsion does not result in the coagulation of the population of particles contained therein; (b) obtaining a composition having a second ionic forming compound which, by itself, is not sufficient to result in the coagulation of the population of particles contained in the emulsion; and (c) mixing the emulsion and the composition having the second ionic compound such that the first ionic forming compound reacts with the second ionic forming compound to form a coagulating agent which results in the coagulation of the population of particles. The invention also provides processes for preparing a polymer matrix system using the aforementioned process for isolating particles from an emulsion.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 2003Date of Patent: October 23, 2007Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Robert William Coyle, Morris Christopher Wills
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Patent number: 7282314Abstract: A toner process involving the heating a mixture of an acicular magnetite dispersion, a colorant dispersion, a wax dispersion, a first latex containing a crosslinked resin, and a second latex containing a resin free of crosslinking in the presence of a coagulant to provide aggregates, stabilizing the aggregates with an organic complexing compound salt dissolved in a base, and further heating the aggregates to provide coalesced toner particles.Type: GrantFiled: January 28, 2005Date of Patent: October 16, 2007Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Raj D. Patel, Allan K. Chen, Cuong Vong
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Patent number: 7253228Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a polyurethane emulsion, capable of continuously producing a polyurethane emulsion which contains substantially no organic solvent and also has excellent storage stability over time.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 2003Date of Patent: August 7, 2007Assignee: Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.Inventors: Tutomu Yamada, Kazumi Mai, Masami Tutumi
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Patent number: 7186494Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the latex contains a polymer with a static yield stress of from about 0.05 to about 3 dyne/cm2, a viscosity for the polymer latex of from about 5 to about 35 centipoises (cps), and wherein said toner product possesses a volume average particle size distribution index GSDv of equal to or less than about 1.27, a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of equal to or less than about 1.30, a low number average particle size index GSDn50/16 of equal to about or less than about 1.32, and a ratio of the volume average particle size distribution index GSDv to a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of from about 0.93 to about 1.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2003Date of Patent: March 6, 2007Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Suresh K. Ahuja, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Continuous method for the production of powder paint suspensions (powder slurries) and powder paints
Patent number: 7064156Abstract: Powder coating materials prepared by (1) mixing at least two liquid components comprising in each case at least one liquid starting product in a static mixer, to give a molecularly disperse and/or finely dispersed liquid mixture, (2) emulsifying the liquid mixture (1) in an aqueous medium in a dispersing unit, to give an aqueous emulsion of liquid particals, (3) cooling the emulsion (2) so that a suspension of dimensionally stable particles is formed, (4) isolating the dimensionally stable particles from the suspension (3) or alternatively (3) isolating the dimensionally stable particles directly from the emulsion (2); and also processes for preparing them and their use as coating materials, adhesives, and sealing compounds or to prepare such compositions.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 2002Date of Patent: June 20, 2006Assignee: BASF Coatings AGInventors: Heinz-Peter Rink, Werner-Alfons Jung, Michael Stang, Heik Wolf -
Patent number: 7049042Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a colorant, a latex, and a coagulant comprising cationic wax dispersion to provide, for example, a toner composition of high gloss images.Type: GrantFiled: February 12, 2004Date of Patent: May 23, 2006Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Michael A. Hopper, Raj D. Patel, Enno E. Agur, Joseph Bartel, Daryl Vanbesien
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Patent number: 7037633Abstract: A process involving heating a mixture of a colorant dispersion, a latex emulsion, and an optional wax dispersion in the presence of a coagulant containing a metal ion, a base, and an organic sequestering agent, and wherein said heating involves a first heating and a second heating, and wherein the second heating is at a higher temperature than the first heating; and wherein said higher temperature is equal to about or above about the Tg of polymer or resin contained in said latex emulsion.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2003Date of Patent: May 2, 2006Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Michael A. Hopper, Raj D. Patel
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Patent number: 6995196Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition, comprises a thermoplastic resin (A) and thermoplastic resin fine particles (C) carrying a colloidal inorganic substance (B), and contains the colloidal inorganic substance (B) in a proportion of 0.01–0.8 wt. % of the total of the thermoplastic resin (A), the colloidal inorganic substance (B) and the thermoplastic resin fine particles (C). The thermoplastic resin composition effectively prevents the plateout without impairing inherent properties of the base thermoplastic resin, by containing the colloidal inorganic substance (B) showing a plateout-prevention effect in a small amount and in a good dispersion state.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 2002Date of Patent: February 7, 2006Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Atsuhiro Higuchi, Hiroshi Sakabe
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Patent number: 6995197Abstract: An aromatic vinyl resin composition comprising (A) 5 to 40% by weight of a graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing 15 to 60 parts by weight of (a4) a vinyl monomer in the presence of 85 to 40 parts by weight of rubber particles (total of vinyl monomer and rubber being 100 parts by weight) having an average particle size of 3,500 to 20,000 angstroms obtained by adding, to a latex of a rubber having an average particle size of 500 to 3,000 angstroms and comprising (a1) 50 to 100% by weight of a diene monomer, (a2) 50 to 0% by weight of a vinyl monomer and (a3) 0 to 3% by weight of a crosslinking monomer, 0.1 to 15 parts by weight of an acid group-containing copolymer per 100 parts by weight of the rubber to agglomerate the rubber particles to enhance the particle size thereof, and (B) 95 to 60% by weight of an aromatic vinyl resin comprising (b1) 40 to 100% by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer, (b2) 60 to 0% by weight of a methacrylic ester and (b3) 0 to 20% by weight of other vinyl monomer.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 2001Date of Patent: February 7, 2006Assignee: Kaneka CorporationInventors: Norio Nagata, Yakushu Chin, Mamoru Kadokura
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Patent number: 6942954Abstract: A toner process involving the heating a mixture of an acicular magnetite dispersion, a colorant dispersion, a wax dispersion, a first latex containing a crosslinked resin, and a second latex containing a resin free of crosslinking in the presence of a coagulant to provide aggregates, stabilizing the aggregates with a silicate salt dissolved in a base, and further heating the aggregates to provide coalesced toner particles.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2003Date of Patent: September 13, 2005Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Raj D. Patel, Michael A. Hopper, Edward G. Zwartz, Cuong Vong, Allan K. Chen
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Patent number: 6936396Abstract: A toner process comprised of heating a mixture of an acicular magnetite dispersion, a colorant dispersion, a wax dispersion, a first latex containing a crosslinked resin, a second latex containing a resin substantially free of crosslinking, a coagulant and a silica, and wherein the toner resulting possesses a shape factor of from about 120 to about 150.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 2003Date of Patent: August 30, 2005Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventor: Raj D. Patel
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Patent number: 6936656Abstract: The invention relates to comb polymers and macromonomers based on acrylates prepared by the ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) method. These polymers have an improved capability of dispersing pigments in the given solvent. The invention also relates to compositions comprising the comb polymers and macromonomers dispersible inorganic or organic pigment particles. The compositions are used by applying them to any suitable substrate, for example to metal, wood plastic or ceramic materials.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 2001Date of Patent: August 30, 2005Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals CorporationInventors: Andreas Mühlebach, François Rime, Clemens Auschra, Ernst Eckstein
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Patent number: 6899987Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 2003Date of Patent: May 31, 2005Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Daryl Vanbesien, Raj D. Patel, Michael A. Hopper, Stephan V. Drappel
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Patent number: 6881416Abstract: Organopolysiloxane gel products having a variety of physical forms and which produce a silky feel when applied to the skin are prepared by reacting an unsaturated organopolysiloxane resin, an Si—H functional organosiloxane crosslinker bearing pendant hydrido functionality, a C4 or higher unsaturated hydrocarbon, and optionally, an unsaturated hydrophile component. Products ranging from viscous liquids, creamy gels, pastes, and soft powders may be obtained. The products are highly useful in formulating cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 2002Date of Patent: April 19, 2005Assignee: Wacker Chemical CorporationInventor: Bryan E. Fry
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Patent number: 6841329Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the polymer present in the latex possesses a gel content of from about 0.5 to about 4.5 weight percent, a polymer melt flow index (MFI) of from about 20 to about 45 grams/10 minutes at about from about 115° C. to about 145° C., the crosslinking molecular weight Mc of the polymer being from about 12,000 to about 200,000, and the crosslinking density Me of the polymer being from about 1.2×10?9 to about 2×10?7/Kmole.Type: GrantFiled: April 14, 2003Date of Patent: January 11, 2005Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Peter V. Nguyen, Amy A. Albright, Donald Riley, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Publication number: 20040265727Abstract: A process comprising heating a mixture of colorant and latex in the presence of a coagulant and a silicate salt, and wherein said heating comprises a first heating equal to or below about the glass transition temperature of a polymer contained in said latex, and a second heating equal to or about the glass transition temperature of a polymer contained in said latex; wherein said first heating enables the formation of aggregates and said second heating enables the fusion of said colorant and said polymer; and optionally wherein said silicate is contained in an alkali metal hydroxide.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 25, 2003Publication date: December 30, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Daryl Vanbesien, Michael A. Hopper, Raj D. Patel
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Publication number: 20040265728Abstract: A toner process involving the heating a mixture of an acicular magnetite dispersion, a colorant dispersion, a wax dispersion, a first latex containing a crosslinked resin, and a second latex containing a resin free of crosslinking in the presence of a coagulant to provide aggregates, stabilizing the aggregates with a silicate salt dissolved in a base, and further heating the aggregates to provide coalesced toner particles.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 25, 2003Publication date: December 30, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Raj D. Patel, Michael A. Hopper, Edward G. Zwartz, Cuong Vong, Allan K. Chen
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Patent number: 6812267Abstract: A process for making pigmented PVDF-based powder coatings by coagulation and powder based coatings made by the process. The process involves blending a PVDF latex and a water reducible acrylic polymer and pigment dispersion, adding coagulant to precipitate solid PVDF and pigment associated by ionic interaction with acrylic polymer binder, separating solids and drying the precipitate. Also, methods for coating substrates with the powder coating and coated substrates.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 2003Date of Patent: November 2, 2004Assignee: Solvay Solexis, Inc.Inventors: Shiow-Ching Lin, Michelle Kelly, Bradley Kent
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Publication number: 20040202951Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the polymer present in the latex possesses a gel content of from about 0.5 to about 4.5 weight percent, a polymer melt flow index (MFI) of from about 20 to about 45 grams/10 minutes at about from about 115° C. to about 145° C., the crosslinking molecular weight Mc of the polymer being from about 12,000 to about 200,000, and the crosslinking density Me of the polymer being from about 1.2×10−9 to about 2×10−7/Kmole.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 14, 2003Publication date: October 14, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Peter V. Nguyen, Amy A. Albright, Donald Riley, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Publication number: 20040202950Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the latex contains a polymer with a static yield stress of from about 0.05 to about 3 dyne/cm2, a viscosity for the polymer latex of from about 5 to about 35 centipoises (cps), and wherein said toner product possesses a volume average particle size distribution index GSDv of equal to or less than about 1.27, a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of equal to or less than about 1.30, a low number average particle size index GSDn50/16 of equal to about or less than about 1.32, and a ratio of the volume average particle size distribution index GSDv to a number average particle size distribution index GSDn of from about 0.93 to about 1.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 14, 2003Publication date: October 14, 2004Applicant: Xerox Corporation.Inventors: Suresh K. Ahuja, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Publication number: 20040202952Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, and a coagulant, and wherein the polymer latex selected possesses a weight average molecular weight of from about 20,000 to about 55,000, a number average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 18,000, an onset glass transition temperature Tg of from about 40° C. to about 80° C., and a particle size distribution PSD of from about 50 to about 500 nanometers.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 14, 2003Publication date: October 14, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Amy A. Albright, Peter V. Nguyen, Donald Riley, Allan K. Chen, Emily L. Moore, Tie Hwee Ng, Chieh-Min Cheng
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Patent number: 6780559Abstract: A toner process involving mixing a colorant dispersion and a metal oxide with a latex emulsion comprised of polymer, water, and an anionic surfactant, adding a cationic coagulant followed by heating the mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex polymer particles to provide toner size aggregates comprised of polymer pigment and dye, heating above about the Tg of the polymer and isolating the resulting product.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 2002Date of Patent: August 24, 2004Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Richard P. N. Veregin, Raj D. Patel, Maria N. V. McDougall
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Publication number: 20040146798Abstract: A process involving, for example, the admixing of an emulsion latex, a colorant, and a tetra-alkylated quaternary ammonium halide salt complexing agent; and thereafter, heating in sequence about below the Tg of a resin contained in the latex and then heating about above the Tg glass transition temperature of a resin contained in the latex.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 29, 2003Publication date: July 29, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Valerie M. Farrugia, Guerino G. Sacripante
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Publication number: 20040146797Abstract: A toner process involving mixing a colorant dispersion comprising an acicular magnetite dispersion and a colorant dispersion with a latex, a wax dispersion, a crosslinked resin, and a coagulant.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 29, 2003Publication date: July 29, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Raj D. Patel, Michael A. Hopper, Edward G. Zwartz, Allan K. Chen
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Patent number: 6764802Abstract: A process including: agitating a mixture including a liquid and a plurality of resin particles within a vessel at a first shear condition; circulating a portion of the mixture from the vessel through a mixer; adding not all at once an aggregating agent for the resin particles and mixing the aggregating agent with the circulating mixture portion within the mixer at a second shear condition more intensive than the first shear condition to result in a post-mixer circulating composition; and returning the post-mixer circulating composition to the vessel wherein the post-mixer circulating composition undergoes the agitating at the first shear condition.Type: GrantFiled: July 29, 2002Date of Patent: July 20, 2004Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Milan Maric, Alan E. J. Toth, Thomas E. Enright, Marko D. Saban
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Publication number: 20040087713Abstract: A water based coating composition prepared by dispersing a heat-curable coating composition into water in the presence of a suspension stabilizer comprising a block copolymer to obtain a water dispersion, followed by optionally removing an organic solvent from the water dispersion to obtain a water based coating composition having a mean particle size of 0.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 3, 2003Publication date: May 6, 2004Inventors: Takeshi Fujii, Takashi Okubo, Hiroshi Igarashi, Takato Adachi, Tetsuo Ogawa
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Patent number: 6723764Abstract: A process for preparing an enlarged latex, which comprises (1) causing (a) an anionic surfactant and (b) at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant to exist in a latex, (2) adding, as an aggregating and enlarging agent, at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) an inorganic acid, (ii) an organic acid, (iii) a substance which forms an acid in water, (iv) a combination of at least two substances which are reacted with each other to form an acid, and (v) a substance which forms an acid by exposure to active rays to the latex in the presence of these surfactants, and (3) causing the acid derived from the aggregating and enlarging agent to act on the latex, thereby enlarging the particle diameter of the latex, an enlarged latex obtained by the preparation process, a graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer with the enlarged latex, and a resin composition comprising the graft copolymer and a thermoplastic resiType: GrantFiled: May 30, 2002Date of Patent: April 20, 2004Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventor: Hiroshi Sakabe
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Patent number: 6720123Abstract: A process for producing a toner for developing electrostatic image is described, which involves an agglomerate step wherein a dispersion liquid containing at least primary polymer particles and colorant particles is stirred in a stirring tank to agglomerate the particles to thereby obtain agglomerate of the particles and an aging step wherein the resultant agglomerate of the particles is kept at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the primary polymer particles by 10° C. or more for a predetermined period of time to thereby fuse the particles, which process is characterized in that the concentration of solid content (C1) in the agglomerate step is 10 to 40% by weight, and that the concentration of the solid content (C2) in the aging step is in the range of 0.3C1≦C2≦0.8C1.Type: GrantFiled: February 6, 2002Date of Patent: April 13, 2004Assignee: Mitsubishi Chemical CorporationInventors: Yuqing Xu, Kazuo Mitsuhashi, Tomohiko Tokunaga, Toyomasa Hoshino
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Publication number: 20040068034Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition having excellent impact resistance, comprising (A) 1 to 30 parts by weight of a graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing 70 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer component comprising 50 to 100% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50 to 0% by weight of other vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith in single or multi stage in the presence of 30 to 95 parts by weight (solid basis) of a latex of a butadiene rubber, wherein the graft polymerization is carried out while agglomerating the particles by using a water-soluble electrolyte to enhance the particle size to achieve a b/a ratio of at least 2.9 wherein “a” is the average particle size of the butadiene rubber and “b” is the average particle size of the graft copolymer, and (B) 99 to 70 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 17, 2003Publication date: April 8, 2004Inventors: Akira Takaki, Akio Sato, Tosio Mizuta, Nobuo Miyatake, Koji Yui
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Publication number: 20040058268Abstract: A toner process involving mixing a colorant dispersion and a metal oxide with a latex emulsion comprised of polymer, water, and an anionic surfactant, adding a cationic coagulant followed by heating the mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex polymer particles to provide toner size aggregates comprised of polymer pigment and dye, heating above about the Tg of the polymer and isolating the resulting product.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 7, 2002Publication date: March 25, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Richard P. N. Veregin, Raj D. Patel, Maria N.V. McDougall
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Publication number: 20040018441Abstract: A process including:Type: ApplicationFiled: July 29, 2002Publication date: January 29, 2004Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Milan Maric, Alan E.J. Toth, Thomas E. Enright, Marko D. Saban
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Patent number: 6673505Abstract: A process for the preparation of a toner by mixing a colorant, a latex, optionally a wax and a polyamine salt coagulant to form toner size aggregates, wherein the polyamine salt is then neutralized or converted to an amide or hydrolyzed to an acid by the introduction of a base followed by a pH reduction with an acid to enable rapid coalescence or fusion of the aggregates.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 2002Date of Patent: January 6, 2004Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Lu Jiang, Armin R. Volkel, Chieh-Min Cheng, Michael A. Hopper, Walter Mychajlowskij, Raj D. Patel
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Publication number: 20030215733Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising generating a latex emulsion of resin, water, and an ionic surfactant, and a colorant dispersion of a surface modified colorant and water, and wherein the latex emulsion is blended with the surface modified colorant dispersion; heating the resulting mixture below or equal to about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to form aggregates; optionally adding a second latex comprised of submicron resin particles suspended in an aqueous phase resulting in a shell or coating wherein the shell is optionally of from about 0.1 to about 1 micron in thickness, and wherein optionally the shell coating is contained on 100 percent of the aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension above about the Tg of the latex resin; and optionally isolating the toner.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 20, 2002Publication date: November 20, 2003Applicant: Xerox CorporationInventors: Chieh-Min Cheng, Allan K. Chen
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Patent number: 6642301Abstract: A pigment dispersion comprising pigment, an aqueous carrier selected from water and a mixture of water and at least one organic solvent, and a pigment dispersant is described. The pigment dispersant is prepared by controlled radical polymerization, e.g.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 2002Date of Patent: November 4, 2003Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.Inventors: Daniela White, Simion Coca, James B. O'Dwyer