Abstract: Elastomer composites are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler and elastomer latex are fed to the mixing zone of a coagulum reactor to form a mixture in semi-confined flow continuously from the mixing zone through a coagulum zone to a discharge end of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone, such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particulate filler prior to the discharge end. Highly efficient and effective elastomer coagulation is achieved without the need for a coagulation step involving exposure to acid or salt solution or the like. Novel elastomer composites are produced. Such novel elastomer composites may be cured or uncured, and combine material properties, such as choice of filler, elastomer, level of filler loading, and macro-dispersion, not previously achieved.

Abstract: A process comprising heating a latex, a colorant dispersion, a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, and an organo metallic complexing component.

Abstract: An emulsion aggregation process for the preparation of a magnetite toner, and where the magnetite can function as a coagulant.

Abstract: A process which involves the heating of a magnetite dispersion, a colorant dispersion, a latex emulsion, and a coagulant, wherein the coagulant can be a polymetal halide, and the mixture is aggregated by heating below the latex resin glass transition temperature, and thereafter heating above the latex resin glass transition temperature, followed by cooling and isolating the product, which product can be a toner.

Abstract: A toner process comprising mixing an acidified dispersion of an acicular magnetite with an anionic latex, an anionic carbon black dispersion, and an anionic wax dispersion.

Abstract: A toner process comprising heating an acidified dispersion of an acicular magnetite, a carbon black colorant dispersion, an optional wax dispersion, and an acicular latex.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a toner by mixing a colorant, a latex, optionally a wax and a polyamine salt coagulant to form toner size aggregates, wherein the polyamine salt is then neutralized or converted to an amide or hydrolyzed to an acid by the introduction of a base followed by a pH reduction with an acid to enable rapid coalescence or fusion of the aggregates.

Abstract: An emulsion aggregation process for the preparation of a magnetite toner, and where the magnetite can function as a negatively charged coagulant to facilitate aggregation of a basic cationic latex, a cationic carbon black dispersion and a cationic wax dispersion.

Abstract: This invention discloses resilient, acrylic graft polymers comprising &agr;-methylene lact(one)(am) monomers such as &agr;-methylene-&ggr;-butyrolactone, and blends of such polymers with thermoplastic matrix resins.

Abstract: A process comprising heating a latex, a colorant dispersion, a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, and an organo metallic complexing component.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A process for making pigmented PVDF-based powder coatings by coagulation and powder based coatings made by the process. The process involves blending a PVDF latex and a water reducible acrylic polymer and pigment dispersion, adding coagulant to precipitate solid PVDF and pigment associated by ionic interaction with acrylic polymer binder, separating solids and drying the precipitate. Also, methods for coating substrates with the powder coating and coated substrates.

Abstract: A toner process including, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant wherein the latex contains resin and an ionic surfactant, and the colorant contains a surfactant and a colorant; adding a polyaluminum chloride; affecting aggregation by heating; adding a chelating component and a base wherein the base increases the pH of the formed aggregates; heating the resulting mixture to accomplish coalescence; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a colorant, a latex, a wax and a dual coagulant mixture comprising water solubilized silica with an alumina coating referred to as aluminized silica and a polyaluminum chloride to provide, for example, a toner composition of different gloss levels when fused.

Abstract: A process involving, for example, providing or generating an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles by adding with shearing to the latex a colorant dispersion comprising from about 20 to about 50 percent of a predispersed colorant in water, followed by the addition of an organic or an inorganic acid; heating the resulting mixture at a temperature of from about 45° C. to about 65° C. followed by the addition of an water insoluble metal salt or water insoluble metal oxide thereby releasing metal ions and permitting aggregation and coalescence, resulting in toner particles; and optionally cooling the mixture and isolating the product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A resin composition for an aqueous paint, which comprises (a) a binder composed of different phase structure emulsion particles obtained by multi-stage emulsion polymerization, and (b) a compound having at least two hydrazide groups in its molecule, wherein the different phase structure emulsion particles have an outermost phase formed of an emulsion polymer which is an emulsion polymer of an ethylenic unsaturated monomer, having a glass transition temperature of from −50° C. to 15° C., and the following conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied: (1) the emulsion polymer forming the outermost phase contains from 1 to 25 mass % of an ethylenic unsaturated monomer having a carbonyl group, (2) at least one phase located inside the outermost phase of the different phase structure emulsion particles, is formed of an emulsion polymer of an ethylenic unsaturated monomer, having a glass transition temperature of from 50° C. to 150° C.

Abstract: There is described a process for producing a particulate composition comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first dispersion comprising first particles stabilized in a first fluid by first species; (b) optionally the step of forming a second dispersion comprising second particles stabilized in a second fluid, miscible with the first fluid, by second species; (c) after (or simultaneously with) the optional step of mixing the first and second dispersions together if the second dispersion was formed from step b); inducing association between the dispersed particles to form clusters; and (d) binding together the particles within the clusters; characterized in that the first and/or second particles comprise at least one polar functional group to facilitate the binding of the particles in step (d).

Abstract: There is described a process for producing a particulate composition comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first dispersion comprising first particles stabilised in a first fluid by a first species in an initial state, the first species changeable between the initial state and a further state, where the initial state provides (directly or indirectly) more stability to the particles within the dispersion than the further state; (b) optionally the step of forming a second dispersion comprising second particles stabilised in a second fluid, miscible with the first fluid, by a second species in the, or another, initial state, the second species also changeable between the, or another ,initial state and the, or another, further state, where said initial state provides (directly or indirectly) more stability to the particles within the dispersion than said further state; (c) after the optional step of mixing the first and second dispersions together if the second dispersion was formed in step b), changing the s

Abstract: A process for preparing an enlarged latex, which comprises (1) causing (a) an anionic surfactant and (b) at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant to exist in a latex, (2) adding, as an aggregating and enlarging agent, at least one selected from the group consisting of (i) an inorganic acid, (ii) an organic acid, (iii) a substance which forms an acid in water, (iv) a combination of at least two substances which are reacted with each other to form an acid, and (v) a substance which forms an acid by exposure to active rays to the latex in the presence of these surfactants, and (3) causing the acid derived from the aggregating and enlarging agent to act on the latex, thereby enlarging the particle diameter of the latex, an enlarged latex obtained by the preparation process, a graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer with the enlarged latex, and a resin composition comprising the graft copolymer and a thermoplastic resi

Abstract: Stable aqueous dispersions or emulsions can be prepared by merging into a mechanical disperser a stream of a molten or liquid disperse phase with a stream of a molten or liquid continuous phase to form a dispersion or emulsion. The molten or liquid disperse phase stream contains a polymer that is preferably a solid at room temperature, but molten at some advanced temperature. The polymer is formed in a molten state or formed and melted by a continuous reaction process such as an extrusion process, including melt extrusion or compound extrusion. It has been discovered that low polydisperse submicron sized dispersion can be prepared by the method of the present invention.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner involving

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a novel toner satisfying a high resolution, a low temperature fixability and a high offset resistance at a low cost. A novel toner for the development of an electrostatic image is provided comprising an agglomerate of particles containing at least primary polymer particles, wherein said primary polymer particles substantially comprise a wax encapsulated therein.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner for developing electrostatic image is described, which involves an agglomerate step wherein a dispersion liquid containing at least primary polymer particles and colorant particles is stirred in a stirring tank to agglomerate the particles to thereby obtain agglomerate of the particles and an aging step wherein the resultant agglomerate of the particles is kept at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the primary polymer particles by 10° C. or more for a predetermined period of time to thereby fuse the particles, which process is characterized in that the concentration of solid content (C1) in the agglomerate step is 10 to 40% by weight, and that the concentration of the solid content (C2) in the aging step is in the range of 0.3C1 <C2 <0.8C1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chemical toner by mixing a colorant, a latex, optionally a wax, and a first coagulant of, for example, a polyaluminum sulfosilicate and a second cationic coagulant of, for example, a benzylalkonium chloride.

Abstract: A toner process including, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant wherein the latex contains resin and an ionic surfactant, and the colorant contains a surfactant and a colorant; adding a polyaluminum chloride; affecting aggregation by heating; adding a chelating component and a base wherein the base increases the pH of the formed aggregates; heating the resulting mixture to accomplish coalescence; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A toner process including, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant wherein the latex contains resin and an ionic surfactant, and the colorant contains a surfactant and a colorant; adding a polyaluminum chloride; affecting aggregation by heating; adding a chelating component and a base wherein the base increases the pH of the formed aggregates; heating the resulting mixture to accomplish coalescence; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A toner process including, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant wherein the latex contains resin and an ionic surfactant, and the colorant contains a surfactant and a colorant; adding a polyaluminum chloride; affecting aggregation by heating; adding a chelating component and a base wherein the base increases the pH of the formed aggregates; heating the resulting mixture to accomplish coalescence; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable aqueous cream consisting of the following components: (A), which is selected from (A1) C1-C20-alkyl-C2-C6-alkoxysilanes and (A2) organopolysiloxane containing alkoxy groups; (C) an emulsifier; and (D) an organic solvent. The stable aqueous cream is suitable for the hydrophobic impregnation or priming of mineral building materials.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, a process for producing the same, and a developer for developing an electrostatic latent image using the same are provided, in which the toner flowability, the charging property, the developing property, the transferring property and the fixing property are simultaneously satisfied in a long period of time. The toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a colored particles containing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, the external additive containing a monodisperse spherical inorganic oxide having a true specific gravity of from 1.3 to 1.9 and a volume average particle diameter of from 80 to 300 nm. It is preferred that the inorganic oxide is silica, the colored particles have a shape coefficient of 125 or less, and the external additive further contains a reaction product of metatitanic acid and a coupling agent, which has an electric resistance of 1010 &OHgr;·cm or more.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner involving (i) aggregating a colorant dispersion containing a suitable surfactant with a latex emulsion containing an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a water miscible chain transfer agent, or a nonionic surfactant with chain transfer characteristics to form toner sized aggregates; (ii) coalescing or fusing said aggregates; and optionally (iii) isolating, washing, and drying the resulting toner.

Abstract: A pigment dispersion that includes a pigment, an aqueous carrier, and a pigment dispersant. The pigment dispersant is prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization initiated and has the polymer chain structure: &phgr;—(G)p—(E)a—T where G is a residue of at least One ethylenically unsaturated monomer; E is a hydrophilic residue of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer; &phgr; is a hydrophobic residue of or derived from an initiator; T is or is derived from a radically transferable group from the initiator, p and s represent average numbers of residues occurring in a block of residues; p and s are each individually selected such that said pigment dispersant has a number average molecular weight of at least 250.

Abstract: A process for making silica-containing latex particles involves polymerizing monomer in an emulsion comprising the monomer, water, silica particles, and optionally at least one surfactant, by adding at least one free radical initiator to the emulsion to form the silica-containing latex particles. In a preferred method, semicontinuous polymerization employing a seed latex is used to form the latex resin. The process achieves a silica-containing latex in which the silica is chemically incorporated therein that is ideally suited for use in the manufacture of toner and developer for xerographic use.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an aqueous dispersion having good adhesiveness, especially airtight adhesiveness to various substrates, and having good storage stability, good weather resistance and good hydrophobicity. The aqueous dispersion comprises a block copolymer composed of polymer blocks (A) consisting essentially of olefin monomer units and polymer blocks (B) comprising from 2 to 100 mol % of units of vinyl monomers having a carboxyl group or a carboxylic acid anhydride group and from 0 to 98 mol % of units of other vinyl comonomers capable of copolymerizing with the vinyl monomers, dispersed in an aqueous solution of at least 0.05 equivalents, relative to the carboxyl group or the carboxylic acid anhydride group, of a basic substance.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion comprises rubber particles and polymer particles having a reinforcing action.

Abstract: In a process for precipitating microsuspension polymers from a suspension comprising them, a polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization is added to the suspension.

Abstract: To provide a filler-containing or non-filler-containing polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder having a high apparent density, a small electrostatic charge and a superior powder flowability and giving a molded product which is free from lowering of tensile strength and elongation and coloring attributable to the surfactant and has a high degree of whiteness, and a process for preparing the same. The granulation is carried out by wetting 100 part by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene powder or a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and filler with 30 to 60 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant having a hydrophobic segment comprising a poly(oxyalkylene) unit having 3 or 4 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic segment comprising a poly(oxyethylene) unit and then applying a mechanical force to the wetted polytetrafluoroethylene powder or the wetted mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and filler.

Abstract: A process for working up polymer components prepared by emulsion polymerization is disclosed. The process is characterized in that coagulation of the aqueous polymer latex present after emulsion polymerization is performed using a combination of A) an aqueous solution of at least one salt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and aluminum sulfate ,B) an aqueous solution of at least one salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), phosphorous acid (H3PO3 or HPO2) and ascorbic acid and optionally C) an aqueous dilute acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: An aqueous crosslinkable coating composition suitable for the provision of thick coatings without incurring carbon dioxide bubble formation comprising: (A) an aqueous dispersion of at least one hydroxyl- and acid-functional vinyl polymer having a hydroxyl value of 8 to 250 mg KOH/g of polymer and an acid value of 2 to 55 mg KOH/g of polymer, where the contribution of at least 30% of the acid value results from a monocarboxylic acid(s) of formula: CH2—CR1—Q—CO2H  (1) where R1 is H or lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and Q is a spacer group of formula: [—C(═O)—X—(CH2)m—]k  (2) where X is —O— or —NH—, m is at least 1, preferably 2 or 3, and k is at least 1, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5; and (B) at least one organic polyisocyanate. The acid of formula (1) preferably comprises &bgr;-carboxyethyl acrylate.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxane gels containing gel-bound hydrophillic groups are prepared by reacting a hydrosilylatable unsaturated organopolysiloxane resin, a crosslinker bearing Si—H bound hydrogen, and a hydrosilylatable unsaturated hydrophile, in the presence of an effective amount of a hydrosilylation catalyst, at least a portion of the reaction taking place in the presence of at least 60 weight percent of an oleaginous composition containing at least 50 weight percent low viscosity organopolysiloxane. When sheared, the crosslinked organosiloxane compositions form a stable, preferably incompatible gel which may be used in turn to form a stable emulsion with large amounts of ordinarily incompatible hydrophillic liquids. The emulsions thus formed are suitable for use in a wide variety of cosmetic products.

Abstract: A composition that is useful in a wide variety of applications comprises a latex having water as a continuous phase and, as the dispersed phase, hydrophobic polymer particles having associated therewith both a dye and a stabilizer for the dye. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the dye is an infrared absorbing dye. The composition can be used as an inkjet ink, as a coating composition to form an infrared sensitive optical recording layer or for other purposes.

Abstract: A powder-free coagulant for use in latex dipping processes comprises a salt stable dispersion of a polychloroprene rubber and an inorganic metal salt. Optionally the coagulant will also contain a powder-free release agent, to aid release of the dipped article from the former, comprising a polypropylene wax emulsion and a cationic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the coagglomeration of random vinyl substituted aromatic/C4-C6 conjugated diolefin polymers With sulfur. Said coagglomerate is storage stable and easily blended with asphalt under a variety of mixing conditions. Further, polymer/asphalt blends prepared with the sulfur coagglomerated polymers show improved storage stability against phase separation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a novel toner satisfying a high resolution, a low temperature fixability and a high offset resistance at a low cost. A novel toner for the development of an electrostatic image is provided comprising an agglomerate of particles containing at least primary polymer particles, wherein said primary polymer particles substantially comprise a wax encapsulated therein.

Abstract: A resin composition for an aqueous paint, which comprises (a) a binder composed of different phase structure emulsion particles obtained by multi-stage emulsion polymerization, and (b) a compound having at least two hydrazide groups in its molecule, wherein the different phase structure emulsion particles have an outermost phase formed of an emulsion polymer which is an emulsion polymer of an ethylenic unsaturated monomer, having a glass transition temperature of from −50° C. to 15° C.

Abstract: A process for making a PVDF-based powder coating compositions using a co-coagulation process and compositions comprising co-coagulated PVDF, co-coagulated PVDF-based powder coating compositions and substances coated with these compositions. Vinylidene fluoride polymer latex compositions are mixed with compatible thermoplastic polymer latex, such as acrylic polymer latex, and a coagulant is added. The coagulant precipitates the vinylidene fluoride and polymer, and the precipitant is filtered and dried forming the powder coating. The powder coating is homogenous. The coating comprises no solvents and can be applied to a number of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of a novel toner satisfying a high resolution, a low temperature fixability and a high offset resistance at a low cost. A novel toner for the development of an electrostatic image is provided comprising an agglomerate of particles containing at least primary polymer particles, wherein said primary polymer particles substantially comprise a wax encapsulated therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for converting an elastomer to a decreased size in a grinding apparatus is disclosed. The method includes optionally soaking the elastomer in a first additive. The method further includes reducing the size of the elastomer to form at least one elastomer particle of a first size. The method also includes optionally removing impurities from the elastomer. Further, the method includes adding a carrier to the elastomer particle to form an elastomer slurry. Also, the method includes providing a second additive to the slurry. In addition, the method includes converting the elastomer particle to a second size, the second size being less than the first size. The method also includes recovering the elastomer particle of the second size. The invention also relates to novel ground elastomers and methods for their use.

Abstract: Processes for spray drying water-soluble and water-swellable vinyl-addition polymer-containing dispersions, emulsions and microemulsions to obtain substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, compositions of substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, methods of agglomerating spray-dried polymer particles, and methods of using sprayed polymer particles and agglomerates in water-treating, mining, paper, food processing, soil conditioning, solution thickening, biotechnological, and oil recovery applications are disclosed.