Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions or toner particles comprising:(i) providing an aqueous pigment dispersion comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) providing a wax dispersion comprised of wax, a dispersant comprised of nonionic surfactant, ionic surfactant or mixtures thereof;(iii) shearing a mixture of the wax dispersion and the pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iv) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(v) adding additional ionic surfactant to the aggregated suspension of (iv) to ensure that no, or minimal additional particle growth of the electrostatically bound toner size aggregates occurs on further increasing the temperature to co

Abstract: The use of falling-film evaporation and a concentration means such as centrifugal separation to dehydrate and concentrate a water-in-oil polymer emulsion or suspension is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, a water-in-oil polymer composition containing less than about 25% active polymer solids is dehydrated in falling-film evaporator to produce an evaporator concentrate containing less than about 5.0% water. The evaporator concentrate then flows to a separation device such as a centrifuge, wherein oil is removed to produce a composition that is substantially a polymer and emulsifying surfactant-in-oil composition containing in excess of about 60 weight % polymer solids. The centrifuge raffinate may optionally be treated in a second separation means to capture additional polymer solids, with optional recycle of the oil-rich raffinate. The concentrated polymer composition is preferably stabilized with a steric stabilizer to produce a free flowing liquid product.

Abstract: A process that is provided for agglomerating rubber particles of a rubbery latex. The process involves producing an agglomerating agent which is in the form of latex having particles which comprise high molecular weight polyoxyethylene bound therein. The agglomerating agent is affixed with an elastomeric latex to form agglomerated elastomeric particles. The process results in the formation of uniform size agglomerating particles, and utilizes a non-surfactant form of polyoxyethylene, which can be utilized in small amounts to yield the desired agglomerated elastomeric latex. The agglomerated particles may then be utilized as the substrate for graft copolymers, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene graft copolymers.

Abstract: Powder coating composition, prepared by process comprising the steps of providing a primary film-forming component and one or more other, different, components selected from film-forming components and non-film-forming components, each said component consisting of solid particles and each particle of said primary film-forming component comprising a solid polymeric binder system at least a portion of which is a film-forming resin in an amount sufficient to impart film forming properties to the composition, the particles of said other, different, components containing at least one substance that, when processed into a coating with said primary film-forming component, provides with said primary film-forming component said desired appearance or performance attribute to said coating, provided that, if the agglomerate contains a metallic or luster component and a fluidizable film-forming component, it also contains an incompatible film-forming component or a non-film-forming performance component, or two or more su

Abstract: A process is provided for agglomerating small rubber particles in an aqueous latex to form large rubber particles. The process involves the addition of a water soluble organic acid and a water soluble organic anhydride to the latex prior to agglomeration of the rubber particles to facilitate agglomeration of the rubber particles into large rubber particles which are essentially free of coagulum. The latex of large rubber particles is useful in the preparation of ABS polyblends.

Abstract: A two-phase acidic aqueous composition for use as a neutralization layer is generally comprised of a water soluble aqueous phase and a water insoluble particle phase. The particle phase generally comprises a copolymer having recurring units of an organic acid monomer and an organic ester monomer. The aqueous phase comprises a water soluble polymer having recurring units of at least an organic acid monomer. The organic acid monomers selected for the aqueous phase polymer are capable of interacting with the particle phase polymers such that the particle phase polymers are brought into stabilizing, intimate association with the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions with controlled particle size and selected morphology comprising(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin of submicron size, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent, and generating a uniform blend dispersion of solids of resin, pigment, and optional charge control agent in the water and surfactants;(iii) (a) continuously stirring and heating the above sheared blend to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; or(iii) (b) further shearing the above blend to form electrostatically bound well packed aggregates; or(iii) (c) continuously shearing the above blend, while heating

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions with controlled particle size comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant in amounts of from about 0.

Abstract: A waterborne wiping stain for wood is provided with an excellent combination of sprayability, lubricity, sag resistance, and holdout by employing a combination of thickeners including hectorite clay, cellulosic thickener, and an associative thickener.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) forming a dispersion of resin in an aqueous ionic surfactant solution;(ii) preparing pigment dispersions in water of three different pigments each of a dissimilar color, each dispersion being comprised of a pigment dispersed in water and which preparation utilizes nonionic dispersants, and optionally an ionic surfactant;(iii) blending the prepared resin dispersed as a latex with two, or optionally three of the different color pigment dispersions of step (ii);(iv) adding an aqueous solution of counterionic surfactant as a coagulant to the formed resin-pigment blends, while continuously subjecting the mixture to high shear, to induce a homogeneous gel of the flocculated resin-pigments blend;(v) heating the above sheared gel at temperatures between about 20.degree. C. and about 5.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (T

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a latex blend comprised of resin particles, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a uniform dispersion of solids in the water, and surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend at a critical temperature region about equal to or above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, while continuously stirring, to form electrostatically bounded toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution and wherein said critical temperature is from about 0.degree. C. to about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin, to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution; and(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions with a volume median particle size of from about 1 to about 25 microns, which process comprises:(i) preparing by emulsion polymerization an anionic charged polymeric latex of submicron particle size, and comprised of resin particles and anionic surfactant;(ii) preparing a dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of optional pigment, an effective amount of cationic flocculant surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) shearing the dispersion (ii) with the polymeric latex thereby causing a flocculation or heterocoagulation of the formed particles of optional pigment, resin and charge control agent to form a high viscosity gel in which solid particles are uniformly dispersed;(iv) stirring the above gel comprised of latex particles, and oppositely charged dispersion particles for an effective period of time to form electrostatically bound relatively stable toner size aggregates with narrow particle size distribution; and(v) heating the ele

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises generating an aqueous dispersion of toner fines, ionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant, adding thereto a counterionic surfactant with a polarity opposite to that of said ionic surfactant, homogenizing and stirring said mixture, and heating to provide for coalescence of said toner fine particles.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner compositions which comprises dissolving a polymer, and optionally a pigment in an organic solvent; dispersing the resulting solution in an aqueous media containing a surfactant, or mixture of surfactants; stirring the mixture with optional heating to remove the organic solvent thereby obtaining suspended particles of about 0.05 micron to about 2 microns in volume diameter; subsequently homogenizing the resulting suspension with an optional pigment in water and surfactant; followed by aggregating the mixture by heating thereby providing toner particles with an average particle volume diameter of from between about 3 to about 21 microns when said pigment is present.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the concentration of aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion. Polyacrylic acid (or its salts) or an acrylic polymer of high acid content (or its salts) of average molecular weight between 50,000 and 500,000 is used as a concentrating agent and is added to the fluoropolymer dispersion.

Abstract: The agglomeration of a latex of a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins is performed by mixing the latex to be agglomerated with an agglomerating latex consisting of:(A) a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins; and(B) a nonionic surface-active agent consisting of a block polymer containing at least one polyoxyethylene block and at least one block of a polymer chosen from vinyl, diene and acrylic and methacrylic ester polymers,the said agglomerating latex being produced by the synthesis of the polymer defined under (A) during which (B) has been employed as a surfactant. The polyoxyethylene-polystyrene-polyoxyethylene triblock polymer may be mentioned among the surface-active agents (B).

Abstract: Used as a thickener a Fluidized Polymer Suspension (FPS) with or without salt as a suspending agent allows producing joint, spackling and texture compounds in significantly reduced time. Products produced with FPS are more uniform and stable than ones made with solid thickeners.

Abstract: A polymer activation apparatus for activating and diluting a liquid polymer with water includes, a vessel defining a cylindrical chamber divided into first and second processing zones, the polymer and water being supplied to the first processing zone, an impeller located in the first processing zone subjecting the polymer to a high shear rate for a short contact time to initiate dissolution and activation of the polymer, and the polymer being moved to the second processing zone under the force of the water supplied to the first processing zone, a second impeller in the second processing zone subjecting the polymer to a lower shear rate for a longer period to continue the polymer dissolution and activation process.

Abstract: The agglomeration of a latex of a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins is performed by mixing the latex to be agglomerated with an agglomerating latex consisting of:(A) a polymer chosen from elastomers and thermoplastic resins; and(B) a nonionic surface-active agent consisting of a block polymer containing at least one polyoxyethylene block and at least one block of a polymer chosen from vinyl, diene and acrylic and methacrylic ester polymers,the said agglomerating latex being produced by the synthesis of the polymer defined under (A) during which (B) has been employed as a surfactant. The polyoxyethylene-polystyrene-polyoxyethylene triblock polymer may be mentioned among the surface-active agents (B).

Abstract: The properties of agglomerated molding powders of PTFE and hydrophobic fillers are improved if the agglomerates are washed after completing the agglomerating process with a liquid medium which contains a surface-active agent.

Abstract: Incorporating fibrous filler into an elastomer by adding to a screw extruder an aqueous slurry of an organic fibrous filler having a length less than about 25 mm and an elastomer latex, e.g., polychloroprene latex. The latex and slurry are fed to the extruder and the latex is coagulated in the extruder. The coagulated latex containing fibrous filler is fed to a dewatering zone. The flow of coagulated elastomer is restricted so that water present in the coagulated elastomer is separated by means of a vent in the extruder upstream from the restriction and discharging and recovering the fiber-filled elastomer. The compound can be used for the manufacture of power transmission belts.

Abstract: Incorporation of fibrous filler into a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) by mixing a fibrous filler, SBR latex and a coagulant, feeding the resulting coagulated fiber-filled SBR latex to a dewatering extruder and through a flow restriction that applies back pressure sufficient that water present in the SBR is forced out of a vent upstream from the flow restriction and discharging the fiber-filled SBR from the extruder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing thermoplastic resins having a high surface gloss and excellent impact resistance.A process of the present invention comprises blending the graft polymer (D) having a grafting degree of 60.about.120% which is prepared by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound and a vinyl cyanide compund to 10.about.40% by weight of rubber latex (B) having 0.20.about.0.35.mu. of an average particle diameter, agglomerated by the shearing force, and the graft polymer (C) having a grafting degree of 25.about.45% which is prepred by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound and a vinyl cyanide compound to 40.about.80% by weight of rubber latex (A) having 0.25.about.0.40.mu. of an average particle diameter, agglomerated by the acidulation or made by the emulsion polymerization. In the said thermoplastic resins, the weight ratio of the latex (A) to the latex (B) is from 90/10 to 50/50.

Abstract: Procedure for the continuous fractionation of polymers dissolved in a solvent, which includes at least one complete cycle of the following operations:a. precipitation of a first fraction of polymer inside a first reaction vessel containing the solution;b. transferring the remaining solution into a second reaction vessel and collecting the above first fraction of polymer precipitated in the above first reaction vessel;c. precipitation of a second fraction of polymer inside the second reaction vessel; andd. recycling the remaining solution in the first reaction vessel and collecting the above second fraction of polymer precipitated in the above second reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process to produce a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium, and a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium is provided. The block copolymer is a polar functional group-containing vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer which may optionally be hydrogenated. The use of C.sub.15 to C.sub.24 linear alkyl aromatic sulfonates has been found to be critical in preparation of these stable dispersions.

Abstract: A process to produce a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium, and a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium is provided. The block copolymer is a polar functional group--containing vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer which may optionally be hydrogenated. The use of C.sub.15 to C.sub.24 linear alkyl aromatic sulfonates has been found to be critical in preparation of these stable dispersions.

Abstract: Process for the production of a composite material based on a polymer matrix comprising homogeneously dispersed therein an organic and/or inorganic filler, said process consisting in mixing together the aqueous dispersions of the single components, in which the dispersed particles of the dispersion have a surface charge of the same sign and "zeta potential" between 10 and 100 mV (in absolute value) and wherein the ratio (in absolute value) between the "zeta potentials" of the particles of each dispersion is between 0.2 and 5.

Abstract: A polyurethane is disclosed having improved properties as a reactive emulsifier for radically-curable synthetic resins. The polyurethane is obtained by the reaction of a) a polyisocyanate component; b) an alcohol component; and c) a polyethylene glycol component. The reactive emulsifiers are useful in aqueous coating compositions.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for the production of a particulate polymer which contains few fine particles and has a narrow particle size distribution and a controlled bulk specific gravity. Characteristic features of the process of this invention reside in that a polymer latex obtained by emulsion polymerization is successively processed through the following steps (I) and (II):Step (I) The polymer latex is coagulated into a slurry in which particles thus coagulated are dispersed in water.Step (II) The slurry obtained in Step (I), an organic liquid almost insoluble in water and incapable of dissolving the polymer and water are mixed for granulation under the conditions that(a) The proportion of water in the whole mixture is 50-85 wt. %,(b) The amount of the organic liquid is 15-150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer in the polymer latex, and(c) The temperature T (.degree.C.) of the whole mixture is maintained for 0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for preparing microcapsules which comprises:preparing an aqueous dispersion or emulsion of a hydrophobic oily core material containing a polyvalent isocyanate, a polyvalent isothiocyanate, or an adduct thereof, having an anionic moiety; andforming capsule walls around the droplets of said oily core material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a particulate polymer prepared by the agglomeration of polymer particles contained in a polymer latex. The particulate polymer is composed of primary particles having particle sizes of at least 20 .mu.m and/or secondary particles formed by the agglomeration of at least some of the primary particles and is in the form of a compact mass substantially free of voids. The particulate polymer is prepared by coagulating the polymer latex in the presence of a coagulant and an organic liquid having low solubility in water. The particulate polymer has a high bulk specific gravity and contains few fine particles. It is thus easy to handle and allows the consumption of energy to be reduced in the drying step.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a particulate polymer prepared by the agglomeration of polymer particles contained in a polymer latex. The particulate polymer is composed of primary particles having particle sizes of at least 20 .mu.m and/or secondary particles formed by the agglomeration of at least some of the primary particles and is in the form of a compact mass substantially free of voids. The particulate polymer is prepared by coagulating the polymer latex in the presence of a coagulant and an organic liquid having low solubility in water. The particulate polymer has a high bulk specific gravity and contains few fine particles. It is thus easy to handle and allows the consumption of energy to be reduced in the drying step.

Abstract: Microfluidization of latices of a graft copolymer of a conjugated diene monomer and a vinyl aryl monomer on a protein such as a soy protein reduces the viscosity of the graft copolymer latex.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for isolating copolymers comprising repeating units from 2-vinylpyridine and styrene by drowning the reaction emulsion into an acetic acid solution or by adding an acetic acid/water solution to the reaction emulsion. The copolymer isolated by this technique filters and washes much more rapidly than the copolymer isolated using sodium chloride, and the wet cake has a high solids content.

Abstract: A process for agglomerating synthetic rubber latexes to obtain rubber particles having large average particle sizes comprising the steps of mixing with a synthetic rubber latex having primary or secondary carboxyl groups at the particle surfaces of the latex, an inorganic potassium salt in a concentration in the latex of at least about 0.50 normal to agglomerate the particles, and separating the agglomerated rubber particles from the liquid of the latex.Separation of the agglomerated rubber particles may be accomplished by gravity or centrifugation when the potassium ion concentration in the latex is at least about 1.15 normal.

Abstract: Process for the production of a composite material based on a polymer matrix comprising homogeneously dispersed therein an organic and/or inorganic filler, said process consisting in mixing together the aqueous dispersions of the single components, in which the dispersed particles of the dispersion have a surface charge of the same sign and a "zeta potential" between 10 and 100mV (in absolute value) and wherein the ratio (in absolute value) between the "zeta potentials" of the particles of each dispersion is between 0.2 and 5.

Abstract: An aqueous based electrically conductive paint having substantially enhanced settling properties employing a nickel flake pigment and a surfactant having substantial unsaturation characteristics. Paint finds particular application in providing EMI and RFI shielding for electrical components when applied to cabinetry housing such components.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing coagulated colloidal particles with close-packed structure which comprises;(A) adding a coagulant to aqueous colloidal particles at a temperature lower than softening temperature of the colloidal particles under such conditions that said coagulant will be present in discrete units in the dispersion before it is brought into solution by diffusion;(B) allowing the molecules of coagulant to gradually diffuse from said coagulant units into the surrounding dispersion, thereby coagulating the colloidal particles on the surface of each coagulant unit, causing the coagulated particles to grow from inside to outside of each unit, and producing coagulated particles of desired size with regularly packed structure;(C) separating the coagulated particles thus formed from the dispersion; and(D) drying, or heating in an aqueous phase, the coagulated particles separated above at a temperature lower than the softening point of said colloidal particles.

Abstract: Elastic-thermoplastic and thermoplastic powder-form moulding compositions of uniform particle size and improved thermal stability at made by incorporating a sulphur containing polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an impact-resistant thermoplastic resin composition which comprises a graft copolymer [II]. The graft copolymer [II] is prepared by enlarging the particles in a latex of a rubbery copolymer [I] formed by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture of 51-91 wt. % of an alkyl acrylate and 49-1 wt. % of 1,3-butadiene to adjust the particle size to 0.12-0.4 .mu.m by addition of (A) an acid group-containing copolymer obtained by performing emulsion polymerization of a mixture of 3-40 wt. % of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, sorbic acid and/or p-styrene-sulfonic acid, and 97-35 wt. % of an alkyl acrylate, and (B) a salt of an oxyacid having a central element of Groups III to VI of the periodic table, the element belonging to the second or third period, with an alkali or alkaline earth metal or Zn, Ni or Al; and then, polymerizing in the presence of the enlarged rubber copolymer a monomer or monomer mixture comprising 50-100 wt.

Abstract: Polychloroprene rubbers having favorable processing behavior and excellent properties are obtained if mono-, di- or trichlorosubstituted polyisobutylene is added as plasticizer before vulcanization.

Abstract: Many synthetic latices are produced with a small particle size. It is desirable to increase the particle size and concentrate the latex. It is known to use agglomerating agents to increase particle size. The temperature of agglomeration may be reduced if the latex is destabilized with a weak acid, preferably carbonic acid. This results in an energy saving for the process.

Abstract: To an aqueous dispersion of spurted polyolefin pulp is added from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 2% to about 12%, by solid weight based on the weight of spurted polyolefin pulp, of an anionic latex containing a natural rubber or synthetic which is swellable in hydrocarbons. The latex is then precipitated onto the spurted polyolefin pulp with a suitable agent, preferably water-soluble calcium, magnesium, barium or aluminum salts or calcium or barium hydroxides. When the product is recovered, the resulting natural rubber or synthetic treated spurted polyolefin pulp is readily dispersible in hydrocarbons. Because of this, the pulp can be added to cutback asphalt to form viscous compositions which can be readily sprayed, brushed and troweled with minimal pulp separation problems.

Abstract: A process, and the well-dispersed product thereof, for recovering solids from a latex of a grafted rubber concentrate having a rubber substrate and a glassy superstrate by: (a) adding a latex of said superstrate to said grafted rubber concentrate latex; (b) coagulating said latex with high shear to form a paste; (c) heating said paste to cause syneresis of said paste into polymeric particles; and (d) dewatering said particles.

Abstract: A process for modifying colorants which comprise an active ingredient of solid primary particles in the submicron range by an encapsulation with polymer starting materials that are not substantially altered during the process. Writing fluids, textile colorants and cosmetic inks are disclosed wherein the intrinsic physical qualities of a solid active material are modified to create a stable aqueous dispersion with performance and rheology characteristic of the polymer, and not of the active ingredient.

Abstract: Moulding compositions based on polyalkylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymer and fluorinated polyolefin have higher Vicat-softening temperature if the polymer and the fluorinated polyolefin are precipitated together from a mixture of the dispersions of both components.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic compositions comprising mixtures of(A) 100 parts by wt. polyphenylene ethers;(B) 2-40 parts by wt. polyoctenylene; and(C) the following additives in amounts given as wt. % of the overall molding or forming composition:up to 50 wt. % reinforcing and filling materials;up to 60 wt. % condensation polymers;up to 15 wt. % flame retardants; andup to 5 wt. % other additives.The invention further relates to methods for producing such mixtures in the molten state and in solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastic-thermoplastic and thermoplastic pulverulent moulding materials and to mixtures thereof, which can be processed as thermoplastics, with elastic moulding materials, which are prepared from the corresponding aqueous latices under salt-free conditions using a purely organic precipitating agent system.