Abstract: The rheological properties of latexes and latex paint formulations thickened with non-urethane thickeners according to the invention are modified by adding to the latex or latex paint formulation an amount of a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of from 4 to about 20 sufficient to decrease the low shear viscosity of the thickened latex without a corresponding reduction in the high shear viscosity.

Abstract: An admixture for decreasing the water demand of cementitious compositions such as concrete consists of(a) from 75-25% by weight of a water-reducing agent whose major component is a polycarboxylate; and(b) from 25-75% by weight of at least one saccharide component selected from hydrogenated saccharides and polyhydric alcohol adducts of saccharides.The saccaride component is preferably a hydrogenated polysaccharide with a molecular weight distribution as follows:(i) 70-30% by weight (on total weight of hydrogenated saccharides) have molecular weights in the range 180-300;(ii) 30-70% by weight have molecular weights of from 300 up to 4,000; and(iii) 30% by weight maximum have molecular weights of 4,000 and over.

Abstract: Water-borne paints containing reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivatives that are resistant to enzyme hydrolysis. The water-borne paints are biostable, retaining at least about 80% of their initial viscosity 24 hours after they are inoculated with polysaccharide hydrolysis enzyme. A process for making the biostable water-borne paints has the steps: a) treating precursor polysaccharide derivative with polysaccharide hydrolysis enzyme in aqueous medium for a time sufficient to obtain reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivative; and b) mixing the reduced molecular weight polysaccharide derivative with an effective amount of at least one other water-borne paint ingredient to obtain a water-borne paint.

Abstract: Polymeric drug formulations containing a non-releasing single-phase dispersion of a water-soluble drug in a water-insoluble tissue-compatible polymer matrix. Polymeric drug formulations are also disclosed containing a single-phase dispersion of a water-soluble drug and a water-insoluble tissue-compatible polymer matrix, and a second, phase-disrupting polymer that is non-miscible with the tissue-compatible polymer and is present in an amount sufficient to form phase-separated microdomains of the second polymer in the tissue-compatible polymer matrix, so that the release rate of the water-soluble drug from the tissue-compatible polymer matrix is related to the amount of the second polymer. Methods of preparing the polymeric drug formulations are also described, as well as methods for site-specific drug delivery utilizing the polymeric drug formulations.

Abstract: The method relates to the preparation of dry chitin forms of consistent shape that incorporates an advantageous additive such as fillers or reinforcement during the preparation process to give dry forms of chitin with consistent shape typically known as filler containing chitin or chitin composites.

Abstract: Inclusion compounds consisting of a host compound, which is a cyclically linked polysaccharide having 3 to 100 monomeric saccharide units and forming a cavity in its molecular framework, and of one or more chemical compounds which are included in this cavity as guest compound(s), are used as charge control agents and charging improvers in electrophotographic toners and developers, in triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayable powders and powder coatings and in electret materials.

Abstract: A method of adhering a denture, having a biocontact surface, to a gum or a roof of a mouth, containing the steps of: (1) Treating the biocontact surface of the denture with a denture adhesive composition containing a chemical substance derived from an aloe leaf to obtain a treated denture; and (2) placing the treated denture in close proximity to a gum or the roof of the mouth thereby engaging the treated denture with the gum or the roof of the mouth. A method of preparing a denture adhesive composition containing a chemical substance derived from an aloe leaf.

Abstract: Latex binders are disclosed which are used to prepare freeze-thaw-stable latex coating compositions which may be free of volatile freeze-thaw/open-time additives. The latex binders are prepared by combining a polymer which is the polymerization product of a polymerizable saccharide monomer, an acrylic monomer and, optionally, a monomer selected from styrenic monomers, ionic monomer and wet adhesion monomers. The latex coating compositions are freeze-thaw stable, even in the total absence of a volatile freeze-thaw additive, and exhibit improved open-time when compared to a latex coating composition which does not contain a volatile freeze-thaw additive. Methods for preparing the freeze-thaw-stable latex coating compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive composition includes from about 30 weight percent to about 70 weight percent solids in an aqueous medium. The solids include an acrylic polymer having a glass transition temperature of from about -25.degree. C. to about -85.degree. C. and having an acid number of from about 3 to about 30 and from about 0.75 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight of a humectant per 100 parts polymer.

Abstract: Stable high solids aqueous dispersions of hydrophobizing agents can be prepared utilizing combinations of water-soluble protective colloids in combination with hydrolytically stable water-insoluble organic compounds selected from the group comprising organic salts and polar group-containing organic compounds as dispersion stabilizers. These dispersions impart water repellent characteristics when applied to the interfaces and surfaces of materials, and are compatible when blended with synthetic resin emulsions.

Abstract: High modulus, flexible films may be fabricated from blend of pectin, poly(vinyl alcohol) and, optionally, plasticizers. The combination of pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol) is advantageous in that pectin increases the biodegradability of poly(vinyl alcohol). In addition, the use of pectin provides effective utilization of an agricultural product.

Abstract: An ionomer for an ion complex membrane useful for the separation of water-organic solvent by osmosis or low pressure osmosis as well as by pervaporation and a method for producing ion complex membrane therefrom are disclosed. The ionomer for producing ion complex membrane can be prepared by heat polymerization of an alkyl compound having pyridyl groups such as 1,3-di(4-pyridyl) propane at both terminal ends with a dihaloalkane compound such as dibromooctane and dichloroheptane having two halogen atoms at both terminal ends or with one or two halogen atoms affixed to intermediate carbon atoms in a polar solvent such as acrylonitrile. An ion complex membrane can be produced by preparing a membrane of a polycation or polyanion in a solution casting method and dipping the membrane in a solution of polycation or polyanion for 24 hours to give an ion complex membrane. This ion complex membrane may be a single membrane or composite membrane. Composite membrane includes a plain membrane and a hollow fiber membrane.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition suitable for use as a combination fire retardant, soil and water protectant, and biocide, and to the method of making and applying the composition. The preferred embodiment contains the following ingredients: from 2.30% to 9.22% by total weight of ammonium phosphate, monobasic; from 2.30% to 9.22% by total weight of ammonium phosphate, dibasic; from 2.30% to 9.22% by total weight of a compound comprising approximately 50% ammonium polyphosphate, 3% urea, and 47% water; from 2.60% to 10.4% by total weight of a fluorinated acrylic polymer; from 0.025% to 0.1% by total weight of coco imidazuline dicarboxylate; from 1.00% to 4.00% by total weight of organotin; and from 57.84% to 89.475% by total weight of water. The composition is applied to porous materials, such as fabrics, wood, cardboard, or fiberboard, for protection from fire, soil and water damage, and virus and fungus growth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas barrier film formed from a mixture containing (A) at least one poly(meth)acrylic acid polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylic acid and partially neutralized products of poly(meth)acrylic acid and (B) a saccharide in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 20:80, and having an oxygen gas permeability coefficient of 5.00.times.10.sup.-3 ml(STP).multidot.cm/m.sup.2 .multidot.h.multidot.atm{Pa} or lower as measured under conditions of 30.degree. C. and 80% relative humidity. A production process of the gas barrier film, in which a film is formed from the mixture, and then subjected to a heat treatment under specific conditions, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a water vapor responsive self sealing thin film which is formed from a blend of at least about 75 weight percent of a water dispersible polymer; from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of a xerogellant; and from about 7.5 to about 20 weight percent of a plasticizing agent.

Abstract: A gel forming system comprising an aqueous mixture of a first component of at least one water-soluble polymer in an amount sufficient to increase the initial viscosity of the mixture and impart adhesivity properties thereto; a second component of a acid-containing polymer; a third component of an amino-containing polymer; and water. This system has a pH in the range of between about 5.5 and 8.5 and the second and third components are each present in sufficient amounts which, in combination, increase the cohesiveness of the mixture over time, such that the mixture can be initially combined in a relatively fluid state and subsequently forms a cohesive gel structure.

Abstract: A cement admixture composed of a low molecular weight oxyalkylene compound and a comb polymer having carboxylic acid groups and oxyalkylene units therein.

Abstract: Use of a di- or polysaccharide alcohol and an inorganic or organic zinc, aluminum or rare-earth compound allows a high degree of stabilization of a halogen-containing polymer or polymer recyclate.

Abstract: To provide a base suitable for a controlled release preparation and the controlled release preparation. A bioactive substance(s) is introduced in a poly-ion complex of hyaluronic acid and a cationic polyacrylic acid derivative(s).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gas barrier film formed from a mixture containing (A) at least one poly(meth)acrylic acid polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylic acid and partially neutralized products of poly(meth)acrylic acid and (B) a saccharide in a weight ratio of 95:5 to 20:80, and having an oxygen gas permeability coefficient of 5.00.times.10.sup.-3 ml(STP).cm/m.sup.2.h. atm {Pa} or lower as measured under conditions of 30.degree. C. and 80% relative humidity. A production process of the gas barrier film, in which a film is formed from the mixture, and then subjected to a heat treatment under specific conditions, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A water based pigmented ink for writing, drawing, painting, printing or marking, is composed of coloring matter, additives, and water as solvent. The coloring matter is a pigment formed of one or more alkaline dyes and of a solid polymer dispersion component. The ink contains an acid group-free polyhydroxy compound as a stabilizer, and at least one surfactant and/or emulsifier, as well as a preservative.

Abstract: A dehydrating plastics material composition of high moisture-absorption capacity, comprising:A) 50% to 80% by weight of one or more compatible thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers;B) 20% to 50% by weight of one or more dehydration agents;C) 2% to 8% by weight of one or more elastomers; andD) 1% to 4% by weight of fibers of lengths lying in the range 0.5 mm to 4 mm, the fibers being selected from: synthetic fibers, vegetables fibers, and animal fibers.A method of preparing such a composition.A package or container whose inside surface is constituted by a plastics material of the above composition.

Abstract: A composition includes a stable gel of neutralized chitosan and poly(N-vinyl lactam), the poly(N-vinyl lactam) having a K value of at least about 60 and mole equivalents of acid groups above about 1.4 from ring-opened pyrrolidones. The composition may also include a substrate and various additives incorporated with the gel. A method for making the gel includes mixing the chitosan and poly(N-vinyl lactam) in aqueous solution and curing. Products include wound packings, wound dressings, burn dressings, drug delivery dressings, cosmetic face masks and cosmetic wrap dressings.

Abstract: Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin compounds of formula I ##STR1## where A is a carbohydrate residue are effective stabilizers for polymers processed at elevated temperatures and subject to thermal or oxidative degradation.

Abstract: A silicone polymer, a paste-like silicone composition prepared by kneading the silicone polymer and a silicone oil under a shearing force, and a water-in-oil type cosmetic composition comprising the paste-like silicone composition as an oil phase component are disclosed. The silicone polymer is prepared by the addition polymerization of components comprising an organohydrogenpolysiloxane R.sup.1.sub.a R.sup.2.sub.b H.sub.c SiO.sub.(4-a-b-c)/2 (1) or R.sup.1.sub.f H.sub.g SiO.sub.(4-f-g)/2 (2) and a polyoxyalkylene C.sub.m H.sub.2m-1 O(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.h (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.i C.sub.m H.sub.2m-l (A) or an organopolysiloxane R.sup.1.sub.j R.sup.4.sub.k SiO.sub.(4-j-k)/2 (B) the components, including (1) or (A) as an essential component. The silicone polymer can swell in silicone oils and function as a viscosity increasing agent for silicone oils.

Abstract: A gel-forming composition is used in a process for molding a ceramic composition. The gel-forming composition, such as agar, is improved with a gel-enhancing agent, e.g. polyethyleneimine. As a result, the gel-forming composition improves the ceramic molding process and/or the ceramic product formed therefrom.

Abstract: Synthetic material containing at least one heat-cured polymer and an impregnated filler which has, on contact, an antiseptic and/or antioxidant action on a fluid product, in which the filler is an organic filler impregnated with at least one water-soluble antiseptic agent and/or with at least one water-soluble antioxidant agent.The antiseptic and/or antioxidant agents are capable of being released when the synthetic material is in contact with a fluid product and of at least partially preventing the degradation of the fluid product by microorganisms or by oxygen.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyvinyl chloride resin composition for powder molding which comprises granular polyvinyl chloride resin (as component A), particulate polyvinyl chloride resin (as component B), stabilizer, plasticizer, and saccharide (as component C). Disclosed also herein is a process for producing said resin composition by mixing granular polyvinyl chloride resin (as component A), particulate polyvinyl chloride resin (as component B), stabilizer, plasticizer, and saccharide (as component C). The resin composition is suitable for the production of covering materials for automotive interior.

Abstract: A composite of a gel of swollen hydrocolloid dispersed in a pressure sensitive adhesive matrix is provided. The gel has a natural or synthetically derived hydrocolloid swollen with a non-volatile swelling agent, such that the gel may have a shear modulus of less than 6.2.times.10.sub.6 dynes/cm.sup.2 The gel-adhesive composite has continued skin adhesion whether applied to or existing in dry or moist skin conditions. The gel contributes a high moisture vapor transmission rate to attempt to maintain dry skin conditions while the adhesive maintains skin adhesion. The gel-adhesive composite may be used in a variety of tape, dressing, bandage, drape, or other skin contacting usage and may optionally include antimicrobial agents to treat the skin while adhesion continues.

Abstract: Carbohydrate substituted dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin compounds of formula I ##STR1## where A is a carbohydrate residue are effective stabilizers for polymers processed at elevated temperatures and subject to thermal or oxidative degradation.

Abstract: The hydrogel of the invention contains polyvinyl alcohol (a hydrogel support), and a high water-absorbent resin and/or a hydrophilic high molecular compound, which are capable of containing a large amount of water. The rate of evaporation of water from this hydrogel is slow. The hydrogel retains water for a long time and releases an active ingredient gradually. The hydrogel containing a pharmacologically active substance is useful as a pharmaceutical preparation.

Abstract: The invention provides aqueous multicolor compositions containing discrete hydrated colored globules dispersed in an aqueous dispersing medium containing a film forming material. To impart the enhanced properties of long term stability and resistance to application by means of brush and roller, the globules are obtained by reacting two or more pigment containing hydrophilic colloids selected from carboxylated cellulose colloids, polysaccaride gums and acrylic polymers with at least two metal cations selected from Fe.sup.3+, Al.sup.3+, Ca.sup.2+, and Mg.sup.2+. The thus obtained colored globules contain from 2.5 to 20.0% by weight of pigment and fillers and 10 to 40% by weight of a film forming resin. The globules constitute and are about 60 to 90% by weight of the final composition, while the dispersing medium is 40 to 10% by weight of the final composition.

Abstract: A degradable plastic film comprising film forming ethylene copolymers and lignin incorporated in the form of pulverulent powder having a grain diameter of about 1 to 5 microns. The films are homogeneous and possess a thickness of about 15 to 25 microns. The films may be made doubly decomposable by adding photoactive or oxidizing agents.

Abstract: Novel gel-forming compositions are used in a process for molding ceramic compositions. Gel-forming compositions, such as agar, are improved with a gel-enhancing agent, e.g. polyethyleneimine. The novel gel-forming compositions improved the ceramic molding process and/or the ceramic products formed therefrom.

Abstract: A new gel-like composition of matter containing a complex carbohydrate with a high degree of carboxyl substitution cross-linked by an organic cross-linker has been developed. The cross-linkers have complex ring structures, e.g., polynuclear or heterocyclic compounds, which permit development of two distinct partial positive charges under conditions where a carbohydrate is negatively charged. Antibiotics are the preferred cross-linking agents and a method of sustained release of the antibodies is also disclosed.

Abstract: Mixtures comprising semicarbazide/urethane reaction products of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a reduced sugar or glycerol are particularly suited for protecting films, fibers, spandex and other polyurethane articles against discoloration due to exposure to fumes, light and heat.

Abstract: The imidization temperature of poly(amide-acid) compositions derived from tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides can be lowered by use of a bis(aminophenoxyphenyl) phosphine oxide in the diamine component which is reacted with the dianhydride. These homo- or copolyimides can be cyclized without use of catalysts or excessive temperature which can product undesired side reactions. Tough film forming materials can be produced which show excellent thermo-oxidative stability and high char yields even at 800.degree. C. in air.

Abstract: Process for binding cellulosic materials with a binding agent composed of aqueous emulsion of polyisocyanates and a cellulose ether. The cellulose wither is present in amounts of 0.1-10% b.w.

Abstract: A latex adhesive made from a polymer such as a ethylene/vinyl acetate or styrene/butadiene copolymer, a low-boiling alcohol, such as isopropanol, a non-crystallizing polyhydric alcohol such as sorbitol, and preferably a cellulose thickener. The latex adhesive dries so quickly that an adhesively edge-padded stack of paper sheets formed using the adhesive can be cut by hand into tablets within about 30 minutes. These tablets do not leave an upstanding ridge of adhesive when a number of the sheets are torn off.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving thickeners used in aqueous system. The improvement is directed to the elimination of organic cosolvents which are conventionally added to aqueous solutions of certain hydrophobic thickeners. This method involves the reversible complexation of cyclodextrin compounds with hydrophobic moieties on the thickener molecule to suppress the viscosity of the aqueous solution containing the thickener so that such the solution can be easily handled. This is followed by decomplexing the cyclodextrin from the thickener to permit the thickener to perform its intended function.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous organic compositions which find particular utility as binders in the processing stages necessary for the production of ceramic articles. More particularly, the aqueous organic compositions comprise polyethylene copolymers, especially ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers dispersed in water for use as a binding agent for the formation of ceramics, particularly metal oxides such as aluminum oxides. In an exemplary form, the aqueous organic composition combined with the ceramic particulates has a weight ratio of about 10% ceramics and 20% aqueous organic composition, although other mixtures may be formulated without detracting from the beneficial features of the invention.

Abstract: A nonionic cellulose ether such as hydroxyalkylcellulose, alkylcellulose or an alkylhydroxyalkylcellulose hydrophobically modified with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.24 alkyl or an arylalkyl group is suspended by a low molecular weight polysaccharide and below 10% by weight salt to provide a fluidized polymer suspension. The process for manufacture involves preparing an aqueous polysaccharide solution and adding a nonionic cellulose ether while stirring. Anionic, nonionic and cationic suspending polymers such as CMC, CM Guar, HEC and cationic starch may be used. Sodium carbonate is a preferred salt.

Abstract: Silated polysaccharides having 0.005 to 2.0 silyl molar substitution per anhydrosaccharide unit form water resistant films when cast from aqueous solution and dried in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide. These films are soluble in aqueous caustic. A preferred water soluble polymer is a cellulose ether with 0.005 to 1.0 silyl substitution.

Abstract: An improved spandex polymer composition provides fibers or films of the composition with increased heat set efficiency and greater discoloration resistance. The composition contains zinc oxide and a polyhydroxy additive selected from certain sugars, reduced sugars and/or polyhydroxy urethanes formed from these sugars or reduced sugars and an organic diisocyanate.

Abstract: A nontacky, shock absorbing rubber composition suitable for replacing the natural clay used in horseshoe pits to absorb the energy of a thrown horseshoe, said composition comprising butyl rubber, crosslinked butyl rubber, cellulose fibre, particulate filler and plasticizer.

Abstract: Binder for the production of particle board and plywood with low formaldehyde emission which comprises a polymer formed fron an acidified starch hydrolyzate, urea and formaldehyde. Process for preparation of the polymer and for its use for production of particle board and plywood are also disclosed.

Abstract: A blend of a cellulose and up to 5 percent by weight of a polyesterether resin and photographic film base having improved tear strength prepared from the blend.

Abstract: A water soluble dermal treatment film for dressing burns, surface wounds, cuts, scrapes, rashes or other dermal wound or lesion comprises a flexible sheet-like dressing made of polyalkyloxazoline. The dressing can have a structural layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer. The structural layer can be made of a polyalkyloxazoline composition formulated to obtain a flexible structural sheet. The pressure sensitive adhesive layer can be formulated to obtain pressure sensitive properties, maintaining the treatment film in position during its use. At such time the treatment film is to be removed, it can be removed without harsh scrubbing methods with a warm aqueous spray or soak. The sheet-like treatment means can be reinforced or impregnated with medicinal compositions to induce healing, reduce infection or stabilize the skin surface.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising an intimate mixture of a linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and finely divided cellulose demonstrate improved melt stability and retained apparent crystallinity.

Abstract: A fine polishing composition for wafers, comprising water, particulate amorphous silica and a polysaccharide polymer graft-polymerized with acrylamide alone or together with at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and styrenesulfonic acid, and adjusted with an alkaline substance to a pH of from 8 to 12.