Abstract: A carbon fiber composite material (50) includes an elastomer, and carbon nanofibers dispersed in the elastomer in an amount of 0.01 to 0.70 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the elastomer, the carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 0.4 to 7.0 nm. A method of producing a carbon fiber composite material includes mixing carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 0.4 to 7.0 nm into an elastomer in an amount of 0.01 to 0.70 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the elastomer, and tight-milling the mixture at 0 to 50° C. using an open roll at a roll distance of 0.5 mm or less to obtain a carbon fiber composite material (50).

Abstract: Described herein is an intermediate transfer member that includes a layer of phenoxy resin having dispersed therein graphene particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyamide composition including at least one semi-aromatic copolyamide, said semi-aromatic copolyamide consisting essentially of about 25 to about 55 mole percent repeat units of the formula —C(O)(CH2)mC(O)NHCH2ArCH2NH—??(I) and about 45 to about 75 mole percent repeat units of the formula —C(O)(CH2)mC(O)NH(CH2)nNH—??(II) wherein m is 8, 10, and/or 12, n is 6, 10 and/or 12 and Ar is a meta-substituted benzene ring; and said polyamide has a melting point equal to or less than 225° C.; and 0.25 to 20 weight percent of one or more polyhydroxy polymer(s) having a number average molecular weight of at least 2000 and selected from the group consisting of ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer and poly(vinyl alcohol). Also disclosed are molded or extruded articles including the polyamide composition.

Abstract: An organic siloxane composite material containing polyaniline/carbon black and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The organic siloxane composite material containing polyaniline/carbon black consists of a plurality of polyaniline/carbon black composites distributed in organic siloxane precursor while the organic siloxane composite material containing polyaniline/carbon black includes from 10 to 30 weight percent of polyaniline/carbon black composites. The preparation method of organic siloxane composite material containing polyaniline/carbon black includes the steps of: distributing a plurality of polyaniline/carbon black composites in organic siloxane precursor to produce a first solution; and adding a cross-linking agent into the first solution, after reaction with each other, an organic siloxane composite material containing polyaniline/carbon black is produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tire having a tread comprising a rubber composition that comprises at least: as a first diene elastomer, between 5 and 25 phr of a styrene-nitrile-butadiene terpolymer (SNBR) having a nitrile monomer content between 4 and 18% by weight; a second diene elastomer other than SNBR; a reinforcing filler; a liquid plasticizer, the glass transition temperature of which is below ?20° C. The invention makes it possible to improve the properties of rolling resistance and of grip on wet ground of tire treads.

Abstract: A process for producing a filmy graphite includes the steps of forming a polyimide film having a birefringence of 0.12 or more and heat-treating the polyimide film at 2,400° C. or higher.

Abstract: A water-base adhesive mix for producing tires, having, by weight, 5 to 80% water, 10 to 60% of a cross-linkable unsaturated-chain polymer base, 0.2 to 1% sulphur, 0.1 to 3% zinc oxide, 0.1 to 1% of accelerating agents, 0.1 to 15% of emulsifiers, and 0.01 to 30% of a carbon black having —ArAy type functional surface groups, where: Ar is an aromatic radical from the group including phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl and pyridinyl; A is a COO? or SO3? functional group; y is a whole number from 1 to 5 when Ar is phenyl, from 1 to 7 when Ar is naphthyl, from 1 to 9 when Ar is anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl or biphenyl, and from 1 to 4 when Ar is pyridinyl.

Abstract: A PTFE resin composition, which comprises PTFE resin, and metal carbide powder having a Vickers hardness of 1,200 HV, or more, and which preferably further contains an inorganic filler other than the metal carbide powder, for example, carbon fibers, glass fibers, etc., has an improved abrasion resistance, when molded into resin seal rings, etc., by reducing a self-abrasion amount of the resin against hard mating metals having a rough surface (Rz of about 6.3 to about 9.0 according to JIS B0601-1994), and by polishing the mating material roughness rapidly.

Abstract: The rubber composites for tire treads include silica; carbon black; and oil constituents, wherein a ratio (A index) of silica contents, carbon black contents, and oil constituents contents is represented by A index=silica contents/(carbon black contents+silica contents+oil constituents contents)?0.8; and a ratio (B index) of a complex elastic modulus E* at 30° C. and a loss tangent tan ? at 60° C. is represented by B index=E*/tan ??120.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon fiber composite material includes a first step and a second step. The first step includes oxidizing first carbon nanofibers produced by a vapor growth method to obtain second carbon nanofibers having an oxidized surface. The second step includes mixing the second carbon nanofibers into an elastomer, and uniformly dispersing the carbon nanofibers in the elastomer by applying a shear force to obtain the carbon fiber composite material. The second carbon nanofibers obtained by the first step have a surface oxygen concentration measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 2.6 to 4.6 atm %.

Abstract: Polyimide resin compositions that contain an aromatic polyimide, graphite and a sepiolite filler, or a mixture of a sepiolite filler and a kaolin filler, are found to exhibit low wear and high thermal oxidative stability. Such compositions are especially useful in molded articles that are exposed to wear conditions at high temperatures such as aircraft engine parts.

Abstract: A composite of particles comprising a high crystallinity carbon and a low crystallinity carbon, wherein the low crystallinity carbon exhibits an average lattice constant d=(002) of 0.350 nm or more and a crystallite size L=(002) in the diffraction of C axis of 25 nm or less, as characterized by wide-angle X ray diffraction measurements, the high crystallinity carbon exhibits an average lattice constant d=(002) of 0.338 nm or less and a crystallinity size L=(002) in the diffraction of C axis of 40 nm or more, as characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements, the high crystallinity carbon having at least 50% of its external surface embedded within or surrounded by a matrix of low crystallinity carbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality nonconductive or semi-conductive seamless (jointless) tubular polyimide film in a simple, efficient, and economical manner, and the like. More specifically, the invention relates to an electrically non-conductive or electrically semi-conductive seamless tubular polyimide film comprising polyimide having at least two aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivatives comprising 15 to 55 mol % of asymmetric aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component and 85 to 45 mol % of symmetric aromatic tetracarboxylic acid component and at least one aromatic diamine component, in which, as required, a specific amount of carbon black is dispersed, and relates to a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a tread comprising a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising, expressed as parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of elastomer (phr), (A) 30 to 70 phr of a first styrene-butadiene rubber, (B) 20 to 60 phr of a second styrene-butadiene rubber, (C) 5 to 20 phr of cis-1,4 polybutadiene having a Tg of from ?110° C. to ?90° C.; (D) 30 to 60 phr of processing oil; (E) 5 to 20 phr of carbon black having an Iodine absorption ranging from 130 to 210 g/kg according to ASTM D-1510 and an oil absorption ranging from 110 to 140 cc/100 g according to ASTM D-2414; (F) 80 to 130 phr of silica; (G) 0.5 to 20 phr of a sulfur containing organosilicon compound; and (H) 5 to 20 phr of resin.

Abstract: A composite material includes a polyimide matrix material and an exfoliated graphite material dispersed within the polyimide matrix material. The composite material exhibits a Thermal Stability Index of at least about 20 and has a particle distribution in which 90% of the particles have a particle size not greater than 500 micrometers.

Abstract: A method of treating carbon fibers includes introducing a functional group to a carbon fiber surface, and reacting the functional group with a silane to incorporate a silanol moiety to the carbon fiber surface. The functional group is chosen from amine groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and/or carbonyl groups. Also disclosed herein are a fiber-reinforced resin and a method of making the same.

Abstract: A carbon black-dispersed polyamic acid solution composition that utilizes carbon black excelling in safety and environmental adaptability and excels in the dispersion stability and fluidity of carbon black dispersed in polyamic acid solution, and that realizes high solid content and high carbon black content. An intermediate transfer belt of polyimide, which produces a transfer image of high quality in a color image-forming apparatus, produced from the polyamic acid solution composition. In particular, a carbon black-dispersed polyamic acid solution composition containing a polyamic acid solution obtained by reaction of approximately equimolar amounts of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic diamine, and containing a carbon black of 2 to 6% volatile content produced by oil furnace process, wherein the solid content of the solution composition is 23 wt. % or more and wherein the carbon black content of the solid is in the range of 20 to 30 wt. %.

Abstract: A method of producing a composite material which includes a carbon-based material and a particulate or fibrous metal material Z. The method includes steps (a) to (c). In the step (a), at least a first carbon material and the metal material Z mixed into an elastomer, and dispersing the first carbon material and the metal material Z by applying a shear force to obtain a composite elastomer, the metal material Z having a melting point lower than a melting point of the first carbon material. In the step (b), the composite elastomer is heat-treated to vaporize the elastomer to obtain an intermediate composite material including a second carbon material and the metal material Z. In the step (c), the intermediate composite material is heat-treated together with a substance including an element Y having a melting point lower than the melting point of the metal material Z to vaporize the substance including the element Y.

Abstract: A method for producing a conductive polyamide-polyphenylene ether resin composition comprising (A) 10 to 90 parts by mass of a polyphenylene ether resin, (B) 5 to 85 parts by mass of a polyamide having a (terminal amino group)/(terminal carboxyl group) ratio falling within the range from 0.20 to 4.0, (C) 5 to 85 parts by mass of a polyamide having a (terminal amino group)/(terminal carboxyl group) ratio falling within the range from 0.05 to 0.19 and (D) 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of a conductive filler, the method comprising the step of melt-kneading of the component (A), the component (B), a compatibilizer (F) and a master batch (E) obtained by melt-kneading of the component (D) and the component (C) in advance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to pneumatic tire comprising at least one component, the at least one component comprising a rubber composition comprising: at least one diene-based rubber; and from 1 to 50 phr of a particulate polyamide having a particle size of from 0.1 to 1 micron, wherein the particulate polyamide is substantially spherical and wherein the particulate polyamide has a melting temperature greater than 210° C. as measured by ISO 11357.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tire sidewall which comprises a rubber component, which comprises polybutadiene rubber having a content of the cis-1,4-bond of 92% or greater and a content of the vinyl bond of 1.5% or smaller and natural rubber and/or at least one other diene-based synthetic rubber, and 10 to 70 parts by mass of carbon black having a specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption of 20 to 100 m2/g per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component and does not comprise a softener having an aniline point of 50° C. or lower and a tire using the rubber composition for sidewall. Excellent resistance to cut growth is obtained while sufficient workability is surely exhibited.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition for a sidewall reinforcing layer and a run-flat tire that reduce heat build-up, enhance elongation at break at high temperature, and increase run-flat durability, while maintaining good rigidity. The composition contains a rubber component including tin-modified BR (a) and/or BR (b) modified by a compound of formula (1); and an alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate, wherein an amount of the alkylphenol-sulfur chloride condensate is 3-10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component: wherein R1, R2, and R3 may be the same as or different from one another and each represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a silyloxy group, an acetal group, a carboxyl group, a mercapto group, or a derivative thereof; R4 and R5 may be the same as or different from each other and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; and n denotes an integer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermoplastic composition including at least one semi-aromatic polyamide having a glass transition equal to or greater than 100° C. and a melting point of equal to or greater than 280° C.; a thermally conducting filler having a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W/mK, for instance CaF2 powder; and at least one hyperbranched polyesteramide having terminal hydroxy groups; and molded articles made therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition having a thermoset polymer and a plurality of hollow microsphere homogenously dispersed in the composition. The polymer is a cyanate ester thermoset, a phthalonitrile thermoset, a crosslinked acetylene thermoset, or a hydrosilation thermoset. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing a thermosetting compound; adding microspheres to the thermosetting compound; and mixing the thermosetting compound while initiating crosslinking of the thermosetting compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of impact-modified filled polycarbonate compositions and molding compositions. A process of the present invention involves: (i) mixing the CNT (component C) with rubber-containing vinyl copolymer (component B) and/or rubber-free vinyl copolymer (component D) on a twin screw extruder, to obtain a CNT masterbatch, (ii) mixing the CNT masterbatch with polycarbonate (component A) and optionally with Component B and/or Component D and optionally with an additive on a twin screw extruder. A polycarbonate composition prepared according to the present invention does not experience degradation of the molecular weight of the polycarbonate during compounding a compared to processes known in the art.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for obtaining polyamide or copolyamide particles which are spheroidal and whose average diameter is between 40 and 150 ?m, preferably between 60 and 100 ?m. Said method consists of introducing a mineral charge, preferably silica, having an average diameter of 1-30 ?m into the reaction mixture. The invention also relates to a polyamide or copolyester amide powder and to the use thereof in order to manufacture coatings, ink compositions, paint compositions, cosmetic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, alloys with metal powders or metal oxide powders and parts by agglomerating said powder by laser sintering, IR radiation or UV radiation.

Abstract: A cured fluoroelastomer sensor bushing comprises A) fluoroelastomer having at least 53 wt. % fluorine, and B) 10 to 50 parts by weight, per hundred parts by weight fluoroelastomer, of carbon black a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 70-150 m2/g and a dibutyl phthalate absorption of 90-180 ml/100 g.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are so long that they cannot be penetrated inbetween carbon fibers during a prepreg preparation process, and are shortened in order for them not to be filtered out by the carbon fibers. This results in a huge improvement of the mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus) compared with neat epoxy.

Abstract: A seal element (70) for providing a static or dynamic seal between two components (74, 78) in a downhole tool includes a polymer host material (212) and a plurality of nanostructures (220) forming a nanocomposite material (210). The polymer host material (212) has a plurality of regions of free volume (222) that receive the nanostructures (220). The nanostructures (220) and the polymer host material (212) form interfacial interactions that improve the useful life of the seal element (70) by minimizing seal failures associated with explosive decompression, extrusion, spiral failure, abrasion, temperature degradation and the like.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a rubber composite and tire using the rubber composite, which, when the rubber composite is used as the tread rubber of a tire, enables the tire to have high wear resistance and hence have a long life while presenting a low rolling resistance and enables an automobile that uses the tires to reduce fuel consumption during traveling. The rubber composite of the invention comprises 100 parts by weight of a rubber component composed of at least one kind of rubber, selected from a group of natural rubber, synthetic isoprene rubber and synthetic diene rubber and 10 to 100 parts by weight of a carbon black blended therein, the carbon black is specified to satisfy the relation X/Y?0.84, where X is the mercury intrusion specific surface area (m2/g), measured by mercury porosimetry and Y is the CTAB specific surface area (m2/g). The tire of the invention is one that uses the above rubber composite as its tread portion.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a rubber composition for a bead apex and a pneumatic tire which are capable of improving the handling stability, fuel economy and extrusion processability in a balanced manner. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a bead apex, including: a rubber component; carbon black; an inorganic filler other than silica; and a phenolic resin, wherein the carbon black has a BET specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g; and an amount of the carbon black is 40 to 80 parts by mass, and an amount of the inorganic filler is 3 to 30 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbon fiber composite material includes a first step and a second step. The first step includes oxidizing first carbon nanofibers produced by a vapor growth method to obtain second carbon nanofibers having an oxidized surface. The second step includes mixing the second carbon nanofibers into an elastomer, and uniformly dispersing the carbon nanofibers in the elastomer by applying a shear force to obtain the carbon fiber composite material. The second carbon nanofibers obtained by the first step have a surface oxygen concentration measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of 2.6 to 4.6 atm %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a resin composition comprising: (A) a thermoplastic resin, (B) a granular material which has a number average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm and is obtainable by granulating a fiber mainly having alumina with a number average fiber diameter of 1 to 50 ?m, and (C) a filler composed of a material of which electric resistivity at 300 K is 102 ?m or less. The resin composition can be molded into a molded article with electric insulation. The electric resistivity of the molded article has sufficient electric insulation in applications such as in electric and electronic parts.

Abstract: A printing or coating composition has a non-volatile liquid vehicle carrying a conductive polymer to be deposited on a substrate and is cleavable by heat or acidification without decomposition of said material, cleavage of said vehicle producing decomposition products that are more volatile than said vehicle and which can be evaporated to dry the composition. Suitably, that vehicle is a carbonic acid diester or a malonic acid diester, e.g. of the formula: wherein R2 is an organic substituent such that R2—OH is a volatile alcohol; R1 is an aliphatic or aromatic substituent of more than three carbon atoms such that is volatile; and R3 is C1-3 alkyl.

Abstract: A method including first grinding, in aqueous media of natural calcium carbonate, an acrylic polymer having a molecular weight of between 8,000 g/mole and 15,000 g/mole and a molar content of less than 20% of polymeric chains of molecular weight less than 3,000 g/mole and second, optionally concentrating, leading to an aqueous suspension with an increased slope factor, which improves the opacity of the coated paper produced from such a suspension.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coating formed from a composition containing a film-forming resin and a plurality of particles dispersed in the resin. The average particle size of the particles is 0.1 to 50 microns, and the particles have a hardness sufficient to impart greater mar and/or scratch resistance to the coating as compared to a coating where no particles are present. Also, the difference between the refractive ranges from 1 to 1.5. A method for preparing a powder coating including the particles also is provided.

Abstract: Blends of carbon black or other fillers is described. The blends of carbon black or other fillers are preferably pre-blended prior to introducing the blend into a product such as an elastomeric or polymeric product.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tire with a tread of a rubber composition containing carboxylated styrene/butadiene rubber.

Abstract: The invention provides semi-conductive, static dissipative polymeric compositions comprising: an insulating polymeric resin; a first antistatic particulate material having a relatively low threshold percolation wt % concentration, wherein the first antistatic particulate material is present in the composition at from 50-150% of its threshold percolation wt % concentration; and a second antistatic particulate material having a relatively higher threshold percolation wt % concentration, wherein the second antistatic particulate material is present in the composition at from 1-110% of its threshold percolation wt % concentration. The invention enables forming semi-conductive, static dissipative polymeric compositions having volume resistivity easily controllable within the range of from about 104 ohm-cm to about 1011 ohm-cm. The invention further provides castable semi-conductive, static dissipative polymeric compositions wherein the insulating polymeric resin is formed from castable compositions.

Abstract: Creep resistant fluoropolymer is made by blending a melt-fabricable fluoropolymer having a melt flow rate of no greater than about 7 g/10 min with milled carbon fiber and forming the resultant blend into an article, the carbon fiber content of the blend being from about 15 to 35 wt % based on the combined weight of the carbon fiber and the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to preparation of a high silica reinforcement-containing rubber composition by a method which involves a delayed and divided inclusion of greater than 50 percent of fatty acid salt processing aid to a rubber composition in an internal rubber mixer following completion of addition of precipitated silica and silica coupling agent in a preceding rubber mixing step in an internal rubber mixer. The invention further relates to a resulting rubber composition and to tires having a component thereof such as, for example, a tire tread.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a crayon having a desired hardness stably without poor gelation using a benzylidene sorbitol gelling agent together with the use of carbon black as a black pigment. The process comprises: dissolving and dispersing a resin component, carbon black having a pH of less than 5.0 and an organic amine in an organic solvent, dissolving at least one gelling agent selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidene sorbitol, tribenzylidene sorbitol and derivatives thereof in the resultant under heating to prepare a raw material solution, pouring the raw material solution into a molding container, and cooling and gelling the raw material solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire tread simultaneously establishing a high wear resistance and a low heat buildup, and more particularly to a rubber composition for a tire tread comprising 10-250 parts by weight of a carbon black per 100 parts by weight of a rubber component, in which said carbon black is produced in a carbon black production step satisfying the following relational equations (1) and (2): 2.00???9.00??(1) ?2.5x?+85.0???90.0??(2) when a residence time from the introduction of the starting hydrocarbon into the high-temperature combustion gas flow to the introduction of the quenching medium is t1 (sec), an average reaction temperature for such a time is T1 (° C.), a residence time from the introduction of the quenching medium to the enter of a reaction gas flow into the reaction stop zone is t2 (sec), an average reaction temperature for such a time is T2 (° C.), ?=t1×T1 and ?=t2×T2.

Abstract: A cured fluoroelastomer part for use in oil and gas exploration and production comprises A) fluoroelastomer having at least 53 wt. % fluorine, and B) more than 20 parts by weight, per hundred parts by weight fluoroelastomer, of carbon black a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 70-150 m2/g and a dibutyl phthalate absorption of 90-180 ml/100 g.

Abstract: Disclosed are rigid random coils, having a contour length larger than a diameter thereof, an average bending ratio Db of 0.1˜0.8, and a weight average molecular weight of 1×108˜9×108 g/mole, and a resin composition or organic solvent composition including the same. The rigid random coils have the properties intermediate between those of polymers and rigid rod particles, and thus may be used as filler of various resins, aqueous solutions or organic solvents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystalline polyester composition comprising a liquid crystalline polyester, a fibrous filler, a plate-like filler and a granular filler. The connector obtained using the liquid crystalline polyester composition has poor filling suppressed and is excellent in warp resistance and crack resistance.

Abstract: Heterophasic polypropylene composition comprising (A) 45 to 70 wt % of a propylene homo- or copolymer matrix with an MFR2 in accordance with ISO 1133 (230° C., 2.16 kg load) of ?80 g/10 min and (B) 25 to 40 wt % of an elastomeric propylene-ethylene copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity IV (ISO 1628, with decalin as solvent) of ? 3.3 dl/g and an ethylene content of 20 to 50 wt %, (C) 0-15 wt % of an elastomeric ethylene/alpha-olefin random copolymer (D) 3-25 parts per weight of inorganic filler, the heterophasic polypropylene compositions having a total MFR2 (230° C./2.16 kg) in accordance with ISO 1133 of ?5 g/10 min, a Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179/1eA at +23° C. of ?15.0 kJ/m2, preferably ?25.0 kJ/m2, a minimum value for the Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179/1eA at ?200 C of ?7.0 kJ/m2, preferably ?10.0 kJ/m2 and a tensile modulus according to ISO 527-3 of ?1200 MPa; their preparation and use for producing injection moulded articles being free of flow marks.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a liquid-crystalline polymer composition comprising a nanostructured hollow-carbon material and a liquid-crystalline polymer. The nanostructured hollow-carbon material may comprises particles, each particle of which is selected from the group consisting of a particle which is composed of a carbon part and a hollow part and has a structure that the hollow part is entirely enclosed by the carbon part; and a particle which is composed of a carbon part and a hollow part and has a structure that the hollow part is partly enclosed by the carbon part.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a bead apex rubber composition and a pneumatic tire which are capable of improving the handling stability, fuel economy and proccessability in a balanced manner, and preventing deterioration of the handling stability. The bead apex rubber composition includes: a rubber component; a carbon black; and a phenolic resin, wherein the carbon black has a COAN of 95 to 130 ml/100 g and a BET specific surface area of 25 to 50 m2/g.

Abstract: Thermoplastically processable PVC mixtures having enhanced stability are prepared by incorporating at least one stabilizer containing metal ions and a modified polyvinyl alcohol co-stabilizer.